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T3D3775 - Slaframine

Record Information
Version 1.0
Creation Date 2010-05-27 14:58:19 UTC
Update Date 2013-04-25 08:48:59 UTC
Accession Number T3D3775
Identification
Common Name Slaframine
Description Slaframine is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Rizoctonia leguminicola. It is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased exocrine function, especially salivation. Along with swainsonine, the other biologially active compound of R. leguminicola, it is known to cause a condition called "slobbers syndrome" in livestock that has ingested contaminated feed. (W956, W957)
Compound Type
  • Organic Compound
  • Mycotoxin
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOL SDF SMILES InChI
Synonyms
  1. (1S,6S,8aS)-1-Acetoxy-6-aminooctahydroindolizine
  2. (1S-(1alpha,6alpha,8abeta))-6-Aminooctahydro-1-indolizinol, acetate (ester)
Chemical Formula C10H18N2O2
Average Molecular Weight 198.2621
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 198.13682783
Chemical IUPAC Name
6-amino-octahydroindolizin-1-yl acetate
CAS Registry Number 20084-93-9
SMILES
CC(=O)OC1CCN2CC(N)CCC12
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H18N2O2/c1-7(13)14-10-4-5-12-6-8(11)2-3-9(10)12/h8-10H,2-6,11H2,1H3
InChI Key InChIKey=YYIUHLPAZILPSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic Compounds
Super Class Heterocyclic Compounds
Class Indolizidines
Sub Class Not Available
Direct Parent Indolizidines
Alternative Parents
  • Aminopiperidines
  • Pyrrolidines
  • Trialkylamines
  • Carboxylic Acid Esters
  • Enolates
  • Alkylamines
Molecular Framework Aliphatic Heteropolycyclic Compounds
Substituents
  • primary amine
  • organonitrogen compound
  • carboxylic acid ester
  • enolate
  • piperidine
  • tertiary aliphatic amine (trialkylamine)
  • tertiary amine
  • pyrrolidine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • 3-aminopiperidine
External Descriptors Not Available
DrugBank ID Not Available
PubChem Compound ID 88363 Link_out
KEGG ID Not Available
UniProt ID Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
ChEBI ID Not Available
BioCyc ID Not Available
CTD ID Not Available
Stitch ID Not Available
PDB ID Not Available
ACToR ID Not Available
Wikipedia Link Not Available
Physical Properties
Appearance Not Available
Melting Point Not Available
Solubility Not Available
Predicted LogP -0.3822574723333332
Toxicity Profile
Route of Exposure Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (W967)
Mechanism of Action Slaframine is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased secretion by salivary glands, pancreas, and other exocrine and endocrine glands. This is due to its activity as a cholingergic agonist. Slaframine has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, and it stimulates these to produce its parasympathomimetic effects. Slaframine is also known to affect the concentration of circulating metabolic hormones, though the mechanism of this is unknown. (W956, W957)
Metabolism Slaframine is though to be activated in the liver by a hepatic microsomal flavoprotein oxidase to a ketoimine metabolite with a configuration similar to that of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (W957)
Toxicity Values Not Available
Lethal Dose LD50: 11 mg/kg (Broiler chick) (W958)
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) Not Available
Uses/Sources Slaframine is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Rizoctonia leguminicola. (W956)
Minimum Risk Level Not Available
Health Effects Slaframine is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased exocrine function, especially salivation. Along with swainsonine, the other biologially active compound of R. leguminicola, it is known to cause a condition called "slobbers syndrome" in livestock that has ingested contaminated feed. (W956, W957)
Symptoms The major symptom of "slobbers syndrome" is profuse salivation. Other symptoms include diarrhea, lacrimation, stiff joints, frequent urination, tremors, spontaneous abortion, labored breathing, loss of appetite, bloat, and possibly death. (W957)
Treatment The effects of slaframine can be prevented by pre-treatment with an muscarinic receptor antagonist such as atropine or pirenzepine. (W957)
References
General References
  • W956 — Chapa AM, Fernandez JM, Thompson DL Jr, Tempelman RJ, Berrio LF, Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr. Endocrine and metabolic response to muscarinic stimulation and inhibition in the ruminant: effects of slaframine. J Anim Sci. 1995 Dec;73(12):3673-80. [8655443 Link_out]
  • W957 — Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr, Froetschel MA, Johnson AD. The involvement of slaframine and swainsonine in slobbers syndrome: a review. J Anim Sci. 1995 May;73(5):1499-508. [7665382 Link_out]
  • W958 — Broquist HP. The indolizidine alkaloids, slaframine and swainsonine: contaminants in animal forages. Annu Rev Nutr. 1985;5:391-409. [3927948 Link_out]
  • W967 — Peraica M, Domijan AM. Contamination of food with mycotoxins and human health. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2001 Mar;52(1):23-35. [11370295 Link_out]

Targets

1. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.

Slaframine is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased secretion by salivary glands, pancreas, and other exocrine and endocrine glands. This is due to its activity as a cholingergic agonist. Slaframine has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, and it stimulates these to produce its parasympathomimetic effects. (W956, W957)
UniProt ID: P20309 Link_out
Gene: CHRM3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out
References:
  • W956 — Chapa AM, Fernandez JM, Thompson DL Jr, Tempelman RJ, Berrio LF, Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr. Endocrine and metabolic response to muscarinic stimulation and inhibition in the ruminant: effects of slaframine. J Anim Sci. 1995 Dec;73(12):3673-80. [8655443 Link_out]
  • W957 — Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr, Froetschel MA, Johnson AD. The involvement of slaframine and swainsonine in slobbers syndrome: a review. J Anim Sci. 1995 May;73(5):1499-508. [7665382 Link_out]

2. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.

Slaframine is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased secretion by salivary glands, pancreas, and other exocrine and endocrine glands. This is due to its activity as a cholingergic agonist. Slaframine has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, and it stimulates these to produce its parasympathomimetic effects. (W956, W957)
UniProt ID: P11229 Link_out
Gene: CHRM1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out
References:
  • W956 — Chapa AM, Fernandez JM, Thompson DL Jr, Tempelman RJ, Berrio LF, Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr. Endocrine and metabolic response to muscarinic stimulation and inhibition in the ruminant: effects of slaframine. J Anim Sci. 1995 Dec;73(12):3673-80. [8655443 Link_out]
  • W957 — Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr, Froetschel MA, Johnson AD. The involvement of slaframine and swainsonine in slobbers syndrome: a review. J Anim Sci. 1995 May;73(5):1499-508. [7665382 Link_out]

3. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition.

Slaframine is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased secretion by salivary glands, pancreas, and other exocrine and endocrine glands. This is due to its activity as a cholingergic agonist. Slaframine has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, and it stimulates these to produce its parasympathomimetic effects. (W956, W957)
UniProt ID: P08172 Link_out
Gene: CHRM2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out
References:
  • W956 — Chapa AM, Fernandez JM, Thompson DL Jr, Tempelman RJ, Berrio LF, Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr. Endocrine and metabolic response to muscarinic stimulation and inhibition in the ruminant: effects of slaframine. J Anim Sci. 1995 Dec;73(12):3673-80. [8655443 Link_out]
  • W957 — Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr, Froetschel MA, Johnson AD. The involvement of slaframine and swainsonine in slobbers syndrome: a review. J Anim Sci. 1995 May;73(5):1499-508. [7665382 Link_out]

4. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase.

Slaframine is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased secretion by salivary glands, pancreas, and other exocrine and endocrine glands. This is due to its activity as a cholingergic agonist. Slaframine has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, and it stimulates these to produce its parasympathomimetic effects. (W956, W957)
UniProt ID: P08173 Link_out
Gene: CHRM4 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out
References:
  • W956 — Chapa AM, Fernandez JM, Thompson DL Jr, Tempelman RJ, Berrio LF, Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr. Endocrine and metabolic response to muscarinic stimulation and inhibition in the ruminant: effects of slaframine. J Anim Sci. 1995 Dec;73(12):3673-80. [8655443 Link_out]
  • W957 — Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr, Froetschel MA, Johnson AD. The involvement of slaframine and swainsonine in slobbers syndrome: a review. J Anim Sci. 1995 May;73(5):1499-508. [7665382 Link_out]

5. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.

Slaframine is a parasympathomimetic compound and causes increased secretion by salivary glands, pancreas, and other exocrine and endocrine glands. This is due to its activity as a cholingergic agonist. Slaframine has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, and it stimulates these to produce its parasympathomimetic effects. (W956, W957)
UniProt ID: P08912 Link_out
Gene: CHRM5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out
References:
  • W956 — Chapa AM, Fernandez JM, Thompson DL Jr, Tempelman RJ, Berrio LF, Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr. Endocrine and metabolic response to muscarinic stimulation and inhibition in the ruminant: effects of slaframine. J Anim Sci. 1995 Dec;73(12):3673-80. [8655443 Link_out]
  • W957 — Croom WJ Jr, Hagler WM Jr, Froetschel MA, Johnson AD. The involvement of slaframine and swainsonine in slobbers syndrome: a review. J Anim Sci. 1995 May;73(5):1499-508. [7665382 Link_out]