omega-Agatoxin (T3D2494)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (1)XML
Targets (1)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-03 22:18:58 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:37 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2494
Identification
Common Nameomega-Agatoxin
ClassProtein
DescriptionAgatoxins are a class of chemically diverse polyamine and peptide toxins which are isolated from the venom of various spiders, in particular the North American funnel-web spider (Agelenopsis aperta), after which agatoxins are named. omega-Agatoxins are subdivided in four classes based on their primary structures, biochemical properties and calcium channels specificity. They block the calcium channels in the presynaptic terminals of the neuromuscular junction in insects and vertebrates. (1)
Compound Type
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Animal Toxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Protein
  • Spider Toxin
Protein StructureT3d2494
Synonyms
Synonym
Omega-Aga-1A
Omega-agatoxin 1A
Omega-agatoxin-1A
Omegat agatoxin 1A
w-agatoxin 1A
Chemical FormulaNot Available
Average Molecular Mass12807.575 g/mol
CAS Registry Number145017-83-0
SequenceNot Available
Chemical Taxonomy
DescriptionNot Available
KingdomOrganic Compounds
Super ClassOrganic Acids
ClassCarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub ClassAmino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct ParentPeptides
Alternative ParentsNot Available
SubstituentsNot Available
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceClear solution.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility>10 mg/mL
LogPNot Available
Predicted PropertiesNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureInjection (sting/bite) (3)
Mechanism of Toxicityomega-Agatoxins block the calcium channels in the presynaptic terminals of the neuromuscular junction in insects and vertebrates. This reduces calcium influx, resulting in a decreased release of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. (1)
MetabolismFree toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesAgatoxins are a class of chemically diverse polyamine and peptide toxins which are isolated from the venom of various spiders, in particular the North American funnel-web spider (Agelenopsis aperta). (1)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health Effectsomega-Agatoxin causes spasms leading to a progressive paralysis which will eventually lead to death in insects. (1)
SymptomsThe bites of funnel-web spiders may cause tingling around the mouth and tongue, facial muscle twitching, nausea, vomiting, profuse sweating, salivation, and shortness of breath. Patients may also rapidly develop agitation, confusion and coma associated with hypertension, metabolic acidosis, dilation of the pupils, generalised muscle twitching and pulmonary oedema. (2)
TreatmentFirst aid for funnel-web bites consists of applying a pressure immobilization bandage to slow venom movement. Further supportive care may be necessary, but the mainstay of treatment is antivenom. (2)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound IDNot Available
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDP15969
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDomega-Agatoxin
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
  1. Wikipedia. Agatoxin. Last Updated 28 March 2009. [Link]
  2. Wikipedia. Australian funnel-web spider. Last Updated 6 July 2009. [Link]
  3. Wikipedia. Spider toxin. Last Updated 9 January 2009. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A
General Function:
Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function:
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1A gives rise to P and/or Q-type calcium currents. P/Q-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are blocked by the funnel toxin (Ftx) and by the omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA). They are however insensitive to dihydropyridines (DHP), and omega-conotoxin-GVIA (omega-CTx-GVIA).
Gene Name:
CACNA1A
Uniprot ID:
O00555
Molecular Weight:
282362.39 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Agatoxin. Last Updated 28 March 2009. [Link]