Showing toxin card for Hydrazine (T3D0084)
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| Version | 1.0 |
| Creation Date | 2009-03-06 18:58:03 |
| Update Date | 2010-03-18 21:52:21 |
| Accession Number | T3D0084 |
| Name | Hydrazine |
| Compound Type |
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| Description | Hydrazine is a colourless liquid chemical compound with an ammonia-like odor and is derived from the same industrial chemistry processes that manufacture ammonia. However, hydrazine has physical properties that are more similar to those of water. Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable, and is usually handled as aqueous solution for safety reasons. Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but significant applications also include its uses as a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags. Approximately 260,000 tons are manufactured annually. (R298) |
| Synonyms |
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| Chemical IUPAC Name | hydrazine |
| Chemical Formula | H4N2 |
| Chemical Structure | |
| CAS Registry Number | 302-01-2 |
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/H4N2/c1-2/h1-2H2 |
| InChI Key | InChIKey=OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem Compound ID | 9321  |
| KEGG ID | C05361 |
| UniProt ID | Not Available |
| OMIM ID | Not Available |
| ChEBI ID | 15571 |
| BioCyc ID | 4-HYDROXYMETHYLPHENYLHYDRAZINE |
| SuperToxic ID | Not Available |
| CTD ID | C029424 |
| Stitch ID | Hydrazine |
| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
| PDB ID | Not Available |
| ACToR ID | 713 |
| Wikipedia Link | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazine |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 32.037448 |
| MOL File | Show |
| PDB File | Show |
| SDF File | Show |
| SMILES | NN |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid. |
| Melting Point | 2 °C |
| Solubility | 1000 mg/mL [AMOORE,JE & HAUTALA,E (1983)] |
| Predicted LogP | -1.0338 |
| Route of Exposure | Oral (R299); inhalation (R299) ; dermal (R299) |
| Mechanism of Action | At least two mechanisms of action have been observed. One involves the direct binding of those hydrazines with a free amino group (hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine) to key cellular molecules. Hydrazine reacts with alpha-keto acids such as vitamin B6 to form hydrazoines compounds. By binding to keto acids and forming hydrazones, hydrazine inhibits oxygen consumption with mitochondrial substrates in vitro. A second mechanism involves the generation of reactive species such as free radical intermediates or methyldiazonium ions as a result of metabolism. (R300) |
| Metabolism | Hydrazines are likely to be more rapidly absorbed into the blood after ingestion or exposure to the skin than after inhalation. Once in the blood, they are probably carried to all the tissues of the body. Soon after exposure, the levels of hydrazines in the tissues fall since they are metabolised in several products such as acetyl-, diacetylhydrazine, pyruvate hydrazone, urea, and acyclic compound (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxo-3-pyridazine carboxylic acid). However, these metabolites interacts with some important proteins and might be harmful to the body. Some studies showed that metabolites and unchanged hydrazine leave the body within one day. Small amounts can also be found in the expired air. (R300, R301) |
| Toxicity Values | LD50: 60 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) LD50: 91 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) LC50: 570 ppm over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (R302) |
| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264) |
| Uses/Sources | Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but significant applications also include its uses as a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags. Exposure may occur from breathing contaminated air in or near a facility that makes, processes, or uses hydrazines, eating fish contaminated with hydrazines, drinking or swimming in water that has been contaminated with hydrazines, or touching soil contaminated with hydrazines, such as near some military bases or hazardous waste sites. Breathing cigarette smoke indirectly or using tobacco products may expose to small amounts of hydrazine or 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. (R300) |
| Minimum Risk Level | Intermediate Inhalation: 0.004 ppm (R260) |
| Health Effects | Breathing hydrazines for short periods may cause coughing and irritation of the throat and lungs, convulsions, tremors, or seizures. Breathing hydrazines for long periods may cause liver and kidney damage, as well as serious effects on reproductive organs. Eating or drinking small amounts of hydrazines may cause nausea, vomiting, uncontrolled shaking, inflammation of the nerves, drowsiness, or coma. (R300) |
| Symptoms | Hydrazine may cause corrosive burning sensations, confusion, convulsions, abdominal cramps, headache, unconsciousness, vomiting, weakness, shortness of breath, or sore throat and cough, depending on the route of exposure. (R299) |
| Treatment | Induced emesis, gastric lavage, use of saline cathartics, or activated charcoal are commonly used to decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of hydrazines. In general, these treatments are most effective when used within a few hours after oral exposure. Following dermal or ocular exposures to hydrazines, all contaminated clothing should be removed, and contacted skin should be washed immediately with soap and water. Eyes that have come in contact with hydrazines should be flushed with copious amounts of water. Contact lenses should be removed prior to flushing with water. (R300) |
| General References |
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