NameCopper-transporting ATPase 1
Synonyms
  • 3.6.3.54
  • Copper pump 1
  • MC1
  • Menkes disease-associated protein
  • MNK
Gene NameATP7A
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0007046|Copper-transporting ATPase 1
MDPSMGVNSVTISVEGMTCNSCVWTIEQQIGKVNGVHHIKVSLEEKNATIIYDPKLQTPK
TLQEAIDDMGFDAVIHNPDPLPVLTDTLFLTVTASLTLPWDHIQSTLLKTKGVTDIKIYP
QKRTVAVTIIPSIVNANQIKELVPELSLDTGTLEKKSGACEDHSMAQAGEVVLKMKVEGM
TCHSCTSTIEGKIGKLQGVQRIKVSLDNQEATIVYQPHLISVEEMKKQIEAMGFPAFVKK
QPKYLKLGAIDVERLKNTPVKSSEGSQQRSPSYTNDSTATFIIDGMHCKSCVSNIESTLS
ALQYVSSIVVSLENRSAIVKYNASSVTPESLRKAIEAVSPGLYRVSITSEVESTSNSPSS
SSLQKIPLNVVSQPLTQETVINIDGMTCNSCVQSIEGVISKKPGVKSIRVSLANSNGTVE
YDPLLTSPETLRGAIEDMGFDATLSDTNEPLVVIAQPSSEMPLLTSTNEFYTKGMTPVQD
KEEGKNSSKCYIQVTGMTCASCVANIERNLRREEGIYSILVALMAGKAEVRYNPAVIQPP
MIAEFIRELGFGATVIENADEGDGVLELVVRGMTCASCVHKIESSLTKHRGILYCSVALA
TNKAHIKYDPEIIGPRDIIHTIESLGFEASLVKKDRSASHLDHKREIRQWRRSFLVSLFF
CIPVMGLMIYMMVMDHHFATLHHNQNMSKEEMINLHSSMFLERQILPGLSVMNLLSFLLC
VPVQFFGGWYFYIQAYKALKHKTANMDVLIVLATTIAFAYSLIILLVAMYERAKVNPITF
FDTPPMLFVFIALGRWLEHIAKGKTSEALAKLISLQATEATIVTLDSDNILLSEEQVDVE
LVQRGDIIKVVPGGKFPVDGRVIEGHSMVDESLITGEAMPVAKKPGSTVIAGSINQNGSL
LICATHVGADTTLSQIVKLVEEAQTSKAPIQQFADKLSGYFVPFIVFVSIATLLVWIVIG
FLNFEIVETYFPGYNRSISRTETIIRFAFQASITVLCIACPCSLGLATPTAVMVGTGVGA
QNGILIKGGEPLEMAHKVKVVVFDKTGTITHGTPVVNQVKVLTESNRISHHKILAIVGTA
ESNSEHPLGTAITKYCKQELDTETLGTCIDFQVVPGCGISCKVTNIEGLLHKNNWNIEDN
NIKNASLVQIDASNEQSSTSSSMIIDAQISNALNAQQYKVLIGNREWMIRNGLVINNDVN
DFMTEHERKGRTAVLVAVDDELCGLIAIADTVKPEAELAIHILKSMGLEVVLMTGDNSKT
ARSIASQVGITKVFAEVLPSHKVAKVKQLQEEGKRVAMVGDGINDSPALAMANVGIAIGT
GTDVAIEAADVVLIRNDLLDVVASIDLSRETVKRIRINFVFALIYNLVGIPIAAGVFMPI
GLVLQPWMGSAAMAASSVSVVLSSLFLKLYRKPTYESYELPARSQIGQKSPSEISVHVGI
DDTSRNSPKLGLLDRIVNYSRASINSLLSDKRSLNSVVTSEPDKHSLLVGDFREDDDTAL
Number of residues1500
Molecular Weight163372.275
Theoretical pI6.18
GO Classification
Functions
  • copper-dependent protein binding
  • copper ion binding
  • copper-exporting ATPase activity
  • superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity
  • copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
  • ATP binding
Processes
  • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  • blood vessel development
  • neuron projection morphogenesis
  • positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity
  • collagen fibril organization
  • skin development
  • ATP metabolic process
  • negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity
  • extracellular matrix organization
  • tyrosine metabolic process
  • blood vessel remodeling
  • elastin biosynthetic process
  • ion transmembrane transport
  • pigmentation
  • removal of superoxide radicals
  • peptidyl-lysine modification
  • cartilage development
  • epinephrine metabolic process
  • T-helper cell differentiation
  • lactation
  • cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation
  • plasma membrane copper ion transport
  • regulation of gene expression
  • copper ion transport
  • regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
  • central nervous system neuron development
  • response to iron(III) ion
  • lung alveolus development
  • dendrite morphogenesis
  • hair follicle morphogenesis
  • dopamine metabolic process
  • cellular copper ion homeostasis
  • in utero embryonic development
  • response to reactive oxygen species
  • locomotory behavior
  • copper ion export
  • norepinephrine metabolic process
  • copper ion import
  • serotonin metabolic process
  • elastic fiber assembly
  • positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity
  • positive regulation of catalytic activity
  • pyramidal neuron development
  • catecholamine metabolic process
  • tryptophan metabolic process
  • mitochondrion organization
  • norepinephrine biosynthetic process
  • transmembrane transport
  • detoxification of copper ion
  • release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
  • response to zinc ion
Components
  • late endosome
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • plasma membrane
  • basolateral plasma membrane
  • trans-Golgi network
  • trans-Golgi network transport vesicle
  • Golgi apparatus
  • cytosol
  • neuron projection
  • perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  • brush border membrane
  • integral component of plasma membrane
  • membrane
  • neuronal cell body
  • secretory granule
General FunctionSuperoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity
Specific FunctionMay supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions654-675 715-734 742-762 782-802 937-959 990-1011 1357-1374 1386-1405
GenBank Protein ID179253
UniProtKB IDQ04656
UniProtKB Entry NameATP7A_HUMAN
Cellular LocationGolgi apparatus
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021693|Copper-transporting ATPase 1 (ATP7A)
ATGGATCCAAGTATGGGTGTGAATTCTGTTACCATTTCTGTTGAGGGTATGACTTGCAAT
TCCTGTGTTTGGACCATTGAGCAGCAGATTGGAAAAGTGAATGGTGTGCATCACATTAAG
GTATCACTGGAAGAAAAAAATGCAACTATTATTTATGACCCTAAACTACAGACTCCAAAG
ACCCTACAGGAAGCTATTGATGACATGGGCTTTGATGCTGTTATCCATAATCCTGACCCT
CTCCCTGTTTTAACTGACACCTTGTTTCTGACTGTTACGGCGTCACTGACTTTGCCATGG
GACCATATCCAAAGCACATTGCTGAAGACCAAGGGTGTGACAGACATTAAAATTTACCCT
CAGAAAAGAACTGTAGCAGTGACAATAATCCCTTCTATAGTGAATGCCAATCAGATAAAA
GAGCTGGTTCCAGAACTCAGTTTAGATACTGGGACACTGGAGAAAAAGTCAGGAGCTTGT
GAAGATCATAGTATGGCTCAAGCTGGTGAAGTCGTGCTGAAGATGAAAGTGGAAGGGATG
ACCTGCCATTCATGTACTAGCACTATTGAAGGAAAAATTGGGAAACTGCAAGGTGTTCAG
CGAATTAAAGTCTCCCTGGACAATCAAGAAGCTACTATTGTTTATCAACCTCATCTTATC
TCAGTAGAGGAAATGAAAAAGCAGATTGAAGCTATGGGCTTTCCAGCATTTGTCAAAAAG
CAGCCCAAGTACCTCAAATTGGGAGCTATTGATGTAGAACGTCTAAAGAACACACCAGTT
AAATCCTCAGAAGGGTCACAGCAAAGGAGTCCATCATATACCAATGATTCAACAGCCACT
TTCATCATTGATGGCATGCATTGTAAATCATGTGTGTCAAATATTGAAAGTACTTTATCT
GCACTCCAATATGTAAGCAGCATAGTAGTTTCTTTAGAGAATAGGTCTGCCATTGTGAAG
TATAATGCAAGCTCAGTCACTCCAGAATCCCTGAGAAAAGCAATAGAGGCTGTATCACCG
GGGCTATATAGAGTTAGTATCACAAGTGAAGTTGAGAGTACCTCAAACTCTCCCTCCAGC
TCATCTCTTCAGAAGATTCCTTTGAATGTAGTTAGCCAGCCTCTGACACAAGAAACTGTG
ATAAACATTGATGGCATGACTTGTAATTCCTGTGTGCAGTCTATTGAGGGTGTCATATCA
AAAAAGCCAGGTGTAAAATCCATACGAGTCTCCCTTGCAAATAGCAATGGGACTGTTGAG
TATGATCCTCTACTAACCTCTCCAGAAACGTTGAGAGGAGCAATAGAAGACATGGGATTT
GATGCTACCTTGTCAGACACGAATGAGCCGTTGGTAGTAATAGCTCAGCCTTCATCGGAA
ATGCCGCTTTTGACTTCAACTAATGAATTTTATACTAAAGGGATGACACCAGTTCAAGAC
AAGGAGGAAGGAAAGAATTCATCTAAGTGTTACATACAGGTCACTGGCATGACTTGCGCT
TCCTGTGTAGCAAACATTGAACGGAATTTAAGGCGGGAAGAAGGAATATATTCTATACTT
GTGGCCCTGATGGCTGGCAAGGCAGAAGTAAGGTATAATCCTGCTGTTATACAACCCCCA
ATGATAGCAGAGTTCATCCGAGAACTTGGATTTGGAGCCACTGTGATAGAAAATGCTGAT
GAAGGAGATGGTGTTTTGGAACTTGTTGTGAGGGGAATGACGTGTGCCTCCTGCGTACAT
AAAATAGAGTCTAGTCTCACAAAACACAGAGGGATCCTATACTGCTCCGTGGCCCTGGCA
ACCAACAAAGCACATATTAAATATGACCCAGAAATTATTGGTCCTAGAGATATTATCCAT
ACAATTGAAAGCTTAGGTTTTGAAGCTTCTTTGGTCAAGAAGGATCGGTCAGCAAGTCAC
TTAGATCATAAACGAGAAATAAGACAATGGAGACGGTCTTTTCTTGTGAGTCTGTTTTTC
TGTATTCCTGTAATGGGGCTGATGATATATATGATGGTTATGGACCACCACTTTGCAACT
CTTCACCATAATCAAAACATGAGTAAAGAAGAAATGATCAACCTTCATTCTTCTATGTTC
CTGGAGCGCCAGATTCTTCCAGGATTGTCTGTTATGAATTTGCTGTCCTTTTTATTGTGT
GTACCTGTACAGTTTTTCGGAGGCTGGTACTTCTACATTCAGGCTTATAAAGCACTGAAG
CATAAGACAGCAAATATGGACGTACTGATTGTGCTGGCAACCACCATTGCATTTGCCTAC
TCTTTGATTATTCTTCTAGTTGCAATGTATGAGAGAGCCAAAGTGAACCCTATTACTTTC
TTTGACACACCCCCTATGCTGTTTGTGTTTATTGCACTAGGCCGATGGCTGGAACATATA
GCAAAGGGCAAAACATCAGAGGCTCTTGCAAAGTTAATTTCACTACAAGCTACAGAAGCA
ACTATTGTAACTCTTGATTCTGATAATATCCTCCTCAGTGAAGAACAAGTGGATGTGGAA
CTTGTACAACGTGGAGATATCATTAAAGTAGTTCCAGGAGGCAAATTTCCAGTGGATGGT
CGTGTTATTGAAGGACATTCTATGGTAGATGAGTCCCTCATCACAGGGGAGGCAATGCCT
GTGGCTAAGAAACCTGGCAGCACAGTGATTGCTGGTTCCATTAACCAGAACGGGTCACTG
CTTATCTGCGCAACACATGTTGGAGCAGACACAACCCTTTCTCAAATTGTCAAACTTGTG
GAAGAGGCACAAACATCAAAGGCTCCTATCCAGCAGTTTGCAGACAAACTCAGTGGCTAT
TTTGTTCCTTTTATTGTTTTTGTTTCCATTGCCACCCTCTTGGTATGGATTGTAATTGGA
TTTCTGAATTTTGAAATTGTGGAAACCTACTTTCCTGGCTACAATAGAAGTATCTCCCGA
ACAGAAACGATAATACGATTTGCTTTCCAAGCCTCTATCACAGTTCTGTGTATTGCATGT
CCCTGTTCACTGGGACTGGCCACTCCAACTGCTGTGATGGTGGGTACAGGAGTAGGTGCT
CAAAATGGCATACTAATAAAAGGTGGAGAGCCATTGGAGATGGCTCATAAGGTAAAGGTA
GTGGTATTTGATAAGACTGGAACCATTACTCACGGAACCCCAGTGGTGAATCAAGTAAAG
GTTCTAACTGAAAGTAACAGAATATCACACCATAAAATCTTGGCCATTGTGGGAACTGCT
GAAAGTAACAGTGAACACCCTCTAGGAACAGCCATAACCAAATATTGCAAACAGGAGCTG
GACACTGAAACCTTGGGTACCTGCATAGATTTCCAGGTTGTGCCAGGCTGTGGTATTAGC
TGTAAAGTCACCAATATTGAAGGCTTGCTACATAAGAATAACTGGAATATAGAGGACAAT
AATATTAAAAATGCATCCCTGGTTCAAATTGATGCCAGTAATGAACAGTCATCAACTTCG
TCTTCCATGATTATTGATGCCCAGATCTCAAATGCTCTTAATGCTCAGCAGTATAAAGTC
CTCATTGGTAACCGGGAGTGGATGATTAGAAATGGTCTTGTCATTAATAACGATGTAAAT
GATTTCATGACTGAACATGAGAGAAAAGGTCGGACTGCTGTATTAGTAGCAGTTGATGAT
GAGCTGTGTGGCTTGATAGCCATTGCAGACACAGTGAAGCCTGAAGCAGAACTGGCTATC
CATATTCTGAAATCTATGGGCTTAGAAGTAGTTCTGATGACTGGAGACAACAGTAAAACA
GCTAGATCTATTGCTTCTCAGGTTGGCATTACTAAGGTGTTTGCTGAAGTTCTACCTTCT
CACAAGGTTGCTAAAGTGAAGCAACTTCAAGAGGAGGGGAAACGGGTAGCAATGGTGGGA
GATGGAATCAATGACTCCCCAGCTCTGGCAATGGCTAATGTGGGAATTGCTATTGGCACA
GGCACAGATGTAGCCATTGAAGCAGCTGATGTGGTTTTGATAAGGAATGATCTTCTGGAT
GTAGTGGCAAGTATTGACTTATCAAGAAAGACAGTCAAGAGGATTCGGATAAATTTTGTC
TTTGCTCTAATTTATAATCTGGTTGGAATTCCCATAGCTGCTGGAGTTTTTATGCCCATT
GGTTTGGTTTTGCAGCCCTGGATGGGATCTGCAGCAATGGCTGCTTCATCTGTTTCTGTA
GTACTTTCTTCTCTCTTCCTTAAACTTTACAGGAAACCAACTTACGAGAGTTATGAACTG
CCTGCCCGGAGCCAGATAGGACAGAAGAGTCCTTCAGAAATCAGCGTTCATGTTGGAATA
GATGATACCTCAAGGAATTCTCCTAAACTGGGTTTGCTGGACCGGATTGTTAATTATAGC
AGAGCCTCTATAAACTCACTACTGTCTGATAAACGCTCCCTAAACAGTGTTGTTACCAGT
GAACCTGACAAGCACTCACTCCTGGTGGGAGACTTCAGGGAAGATGATGACACTGCATTA
TAA
GenBank Gene IDL06133
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDNot Available
HGNC IDHGNC:869
Chromosome LocationX
LocusNot Available
References
  1. Vulpe C, Levinson B, Whitney S, Packman S, Gitschier J: Isolation of a candidate gene for Menkes disease and evidence that it encodes a copper-transporting ATPase. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):7-13. 8490659
  2. Tumer Z, Vural B, Tonnesen T, Chelly J, Monaco AP, Horn N: Characterization of the exon structure of the Menkes disease gene using vectorette PCR. Genomics. 1995 Apr 10;26(3):437-42. 7607665
  3. Reddy MC, Harris ED: Multiple transcripts coding for the menkes gene: evidence for alternative splicing of Menkes mRNA. Biochem J. 1998 Aug 15;334 ( Pt 1):71-7. 9693104
  4. Harris ED, Reddy MC, Qian Y, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Majumdar S, Nelson J: Multiple forms of the Menkes Cu-ATPase. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;448:39-51. 10079814
  5. Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. 15772651
  6. Dierick HA, Ambrosini L, Spencer J, Glover TW, Mercer JF: Molecular structure of the Menkes disease gene (ATP7A). Genomics. 1995 Aug 10;28(3):462-9. 7490081
  7. Chelly J, Tumer Z, Tonnesen T, Petterson A, Ishikawa-Brush Y, Tommerup N, Horn N, Monaco AP: Isolation of a candidate gene for Menkes disease that encodes a potential heavy metal binding protein. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):14-9. 8490646
  8. Mercer JF, Livingston J, Hall B, Paynter JA, Begy C, Chandrasekharappa S, Lockhart P, Grimes A, Bhave M, Siemieniak D, et al.: Isolation of a partial candidate gene for Menkes disease by positional cloning. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):20-5. 8490647
  9. Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, Johnson WE, Zhang YP, Ryder OA, O'Brien SJ: Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature. 2001 Feb 1;409(6820):614-8. 11214319
  10. Qi M, Byers PH: Constitutive skipping of alternatively spliced exon 10 in the ATP7A gene abolishes Golgi localization of the menkes protein and produces the occipital horn syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Mar;7(3):465-9. 9467005
  11. Reddy MC, Majumdar S, Harris ED: Evidence for a Menkes-like protein with a nuclear targeting sequence. Biochem J. 2000 Sep 15;350 Pt 3:855-63. 10970802
  12. Dierick HA, Adam AN, Escara-Wilke JF, Glover TW: Immunocytochemical localization of the Menkes copper transport protein (ATP7A) to the trans-Golgi network. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Mar;6(3):409-16. 9147644
  13. Petris MJ, Mercer JF: The Menkes protein (ATP7A; MNK) cycles via the plasma membrane both in basal and elevated extracellular copper using a C-terminal di-leucine endocytic signal. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Oct;8(11):2107-15. 10484781
  14. Stephenson SE, Dubach D, Lim CM, Mercer JF, La Fontaine S: A single PDZ domain protein interacts with the Menkes copper ATPase, ATP7A. A new protein implicated in copper homeostasis. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 30;280(39):33270-9. Epub 2005 Jul 28. 16051599
  15. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007. 19690332
  16. Olsen JV, Vermeulen M, Santamaria A, Kumar C, Miller ML, Jensen LJ, Gnad F, Cox J, Jensen TS, Nigg EA, Brunak S, Mann M: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. Sci Signal. 2010 Jan 12;3(104):ra3. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475. 20068231
  17. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. 24275569
  18. Gitschier J, Moffat B, Reilly D, Wood WI, Fairbrother WJ: Solution structure of the fourth metal-binding domain from the Menkes copper-transporting ATPase. Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Jan;5(1):47-54. 9437429
  19. Tumer Z, Moller LB, Horn N: Mutation spectrum of ATP7A, the gene defective in Menkes disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;448:83-95. 10079817
  20. Das S, Levinson B, Whitney S, Vulpe C, Packman S, Gitschier J: Diverse mutations in patients with Menkes disease often lead to exon skipping. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;55(5):883-9. 7977350
  21. Tumer Z, Lund C, Tolshave J, Vural B, Tonnesen T, Horn N: Identification of point mutations in 41 unrelated patients affected with Menkes disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jan;60(1):63-71. 8981948
  22. Ronce N, Moizard MP, Robb L, Toutain A, Villard L, Moraine C: A C2055T transition in exon 8 of the ATP7A gene is associated with exon skipping in an occipital horn syndrome family. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jul;61(1):233-8. 9246006
  23. Ambrosini L, Mercer JF: Defective copper-induced trafficking and localization of the Menkes protein in patients with mild and copper-treated classical Menkes disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Aug;8(8):1547-55. 10401004
  24. Ogawa A, Yamamoto S, Takayanagi M, Kogo T, Kanazawa M, Kohno Y: Identification of three novel mutations in the MNK gene in three unrelated Japanese patients with classical Menkes disease. J Hum Genet. 1999;44(3):206-9. 10319589
  25. Dagenais SL, Adam AN, Innis JW, Glover TW: A novel frameshift mutation in exon 23 of ATP7A (MNK) results in occipital horn syndrome and not in Menkes disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Aug;69(2):420-7. Epub 2001 Jun 26. 11431706
  26. Gu YH, Kodama H, Murata Y, Mochizuki D, Yanagawa Y, Ushijima H, Shiba T, Lee CC: ATP7A gene mutations in 16 patients with Menkes disease and a patient with occipital horn syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 15;99(3):217-22. 11241493
  27. Hahn S, Cho K, Ryu K, Kim J, Pai K, Kim M, Park H, Yoo O: Identification of four novel mutations in classical Menkes disease and successful prenatal DNA diagnosis. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 May;73(1):86-90. 11350187
  28. Moller LB, Bukrinsky JT, Molgaard A, Paulsen M, Lund C, Tumer Z, Larsen S, Horn N: Identification and analysis of 21 novel disease-causing amino acid substitutions in the conserved part of ATP7A. Hum Mutat. 2005 Aug;26(2):84-93. 15981243
  29. Tang J, Robertson S, Lem KE, Godwin SC, Kaler SG: Functional copper transport explains neurologic sparing in occipital horn syndrome. Genet Med. 2006 Nov;8(11):711-8. 17108763
  30. Kennerson ML, Nicholson GA, Kaler SG, Kowalski B, Mercer JF, Tang J, Llanos RM, Chu S, Takata RI, Speck-Martins CE, Baets J, Almeida-Souza L, Fischer D, Timmerman V, Taylor PE, Scherer SS, Ferguson TA, Bird TD, De Jonghe P, Feely SM, Shy ME, Garbern JY: Missense mutations in the copper transporter gene ATP7A cause X-linked distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Mar 12;86(3):343-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.027. Epub 2010 Feb 18. 20170900
  31. Leon-Garcia G, Santana A, Villegas-Sepulveda N, Perez-Gonzalez C, Henrriquez-Esquiroz JM, de Leon-Garcia C, Wong C, Baeza I: The T1048I mutation in ATP7A gene causes an unusual Menkes disease presentation. BMC Pediatr. 2012 Sep 19;12:150. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-150. 22992316