4836 T3D4781 Hydrochlorothiazide A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. 58-93-5 3639 C7H8ClN3O4S2 White powder. 266-268°C 722 mg/L (at 25°C) 50-60% Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron. Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized. Route of Elimination: Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized but is eliminated rapidly by the kidney. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placental but not the blood-brain barrier and is excreted in breast milk. Half Life: 5.6 and 14.8 hours The oral LD50 of hydrochlorothiazide is greater than 10 g/kg in the mouse and rat. 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135) For the treatment of high blood pressure and management of edema. The most common signs and symptoms observed are those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered, hypokalemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias. 2014-09-11T05:16:19Z 2014-12-24T20:26:57Z Hydrochlorothiazide C07041 102045 12-DEHYDRORETICULINIUM DB00999 HCZ true NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC2=C(NCNS2(=O)=O)C=C1Cl C7H8ClN3O4S2 InChI=1S/C7H8ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-2,10-11H,3H2,(H2,9,12,13) InChIKey=JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 297.739 296.964474846 Exogenous Solid -0.07 HMDB01928 CHEMBL435 3513 <p>Frederic J. Nugent, John K. C. Yen, &#8220;Process for preparing the combination products of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide.&#8221; U.S. Patent US4804540, issued July, 1987.</p>