4319 3-Methylglutaconic acid 3-Methylglutaconic acid is an intermediate (as the CoA thioester) in the leucine degradative pathway as well as the mevalonate shunt, a pathway that links isoprenoid metabolism with mitochondrial acetyl-CoA metabolism (PMID: 7603789). 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase is involved in the metabolism process of 3-methylglutaconic acid. When present in sufficiently high levels, 3-methylglutaconic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type IV, and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (GAMT deficiency). 3-Methylglutaconic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. 5746-90-7 1551553 C6H8O4 White powder. Accumulation of 3-methylglutaconic acid in the body has been shown to be toxic. 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase is involved in the metabolism process of 3-methylglutaconic acid. 3-Methylglutaconic acid accumulates in patients with a deficiency of this enzyme and a large amount of 3-methylglutaconic acid appear in urine. (Wikipedia). No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). This is an endogenously produced metabolite found in the human body. It is used in metabolic reactions, catabolic reactions or waste generation. Chronically high levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid are associated with at least 5 inborn errors of metabolism including: 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency, 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type I, 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type III, 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IV and Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency). 2014-08-29T06:10:05Z 2018-03-21T17:46:13Z 3-Methylglutaconic acid 37245 true [H]\C(C(O)=O)=C(\C)CC(O)=O C6H8O4 InChI=1S/C6H8O4/c1-4(2-5(7)8)3-6(9)10/h2H,3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/b4-2+ InChIKey=WKRBKYFIJPGYQC-DUXPYHPUSA-N 144.1253 144.042258744 Endogenous Solid HMDB00522 CHEMBL1401952 1267861 Aoyama, Takayuki; Kato, Kazuo; Shimada, Nobuyoshi; Fujii, Akio; Takita, Tomohisa. Production of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (1986), 3 pp.