3636 gamma-Amanitin gamma-Amanitin is one of a group of at least eight Amatoxins found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774) 21150-23-2 107839 3706.2299999999996 Clear solution. >10 mg/mL Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101) The major toxic mechanism of amatoxins is the inhibition of RNA polymerase II, a vital enzyme in the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA, and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). Without mRNA, essential protein synthesis, and hence cell metabolism, grind to a halt and the cell dies. (L1774) Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. LD50: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg (Mouse) (T258) 0.1 mg/kg for an adult human. (L1774) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least eight toxic compounds found in several genera of poisonous mushrooms, most notably Amanita phalloides and several other members of the genus Amanita, as well as some Conocybe, Galerina and Lepiota mushroom species. (L1774) Amatoxins cause liver damage. They may also affect the kidneys. The most severe effects are toxic hepatitis with centrolobular necrosis and hepatic steatosis, as well as acute tubulointerstitial nephropathy, which altogether induce a severe hepatorenal syndrome. (L1774) Diarrhea and cramps are the first symptoms. (L993) Treatment involves high dose penicillin as well as supportive care in cases of hepatic and renal injury. Cautious attention is given to maintaining hemodynamic stability, although if hepatorenal syndrome has developed the prognosis is guarded at best. (L1774) 2009-08-12T21:34:04Z 2014-12-24T20:26:11Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Amanitin A8W7M4 gamma-Amanitin true CCC(C)C1NC(=O)CNC(=O)C2CC3=C(NC4=CC(O)=CC=C34)S(=O)CC(NC(=O)CNC1=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CC(O)CC1C(=O)NC(C(C)C(C)O)C(=O)N2 C39H54N10O13S InChI=1S/C39H54N10O13S/c1-5-16(2)31-36(59)42-12-29(54)43-26-15-63(62)38-22(21-7-6-19(51)8-23(21)46-38)10-24(33(56)41-13-30(55)47-31)44-37(60)32(17(3)18(4)50)48-35(58)27-9-20(52)14-49(27)39(61)25(11-28(40)53)45-34(26)57/h6-8,16-18,20,24-27,31-32,46,50-52H,5,9-15H2,1-4H3,(H2,40,53)(H,41,56)(H,42,59)(H,43,54)(H,44,60)(H,45,57)(H,47,55)(H,48,58) InChIKey=WVHGJJRMKGDTEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 902.97 902.359252554 Exogenous Liquid 96980 Gamma-Amanitin.jpg image/jpeg 83848 2014-10-14T18:14:22Z BSEQ0008415