3590 Ammonium nitrite Ammonium nitrite is a chemical compound of ammonium and nitrite ions. It is used as a rodenticide, microbiocide and agricultural pesticide, and is acutely toxic to both humans and aquatic organisms. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137, L1614) 13446-48-5 26004 H4N2O2 64.027280 Colorless crystals. Oral (L1137) ;inhalation (L1137) Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613) Nitrites and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137) 10 to 100 mg/kg for an adult human. (L1618) Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135) Ammonium nitrite is used as a rodenticide, microbiocide and agricultural pesticide. (L1614) Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137) Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137) Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613) 2009-08-05T14:19:15Z 2014-12-24T20:26:08Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_nitrite Ammonium nitrite true [NH4+].[O-]N=O H4N2O2 InChI=1S/HNO2.H3N/c2-1-3;/h(H,2,3);1H3 InChIKey=CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 64.044 64.027277382 Exogenous Solid 24223