2664 Cholera toxin Cholera toxin (Ctx) is produced by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera enterotoxin is an A-B5 toxin. It contains 5 binding (B) subunits of 11,500 daltons, an active (A1) subunit of 23,500 daltons, and a bridging piece (A2) of 5,500 daltons that links A1 to the 5B subunits. CTX is responsible for the harmful effects of cholera infection. (L1745) 9012-63-9 29335.384999999977 Clear solution. >10 mg/mL Ingestion (L1816) ; inhalation (L1816) ; dermal (L1816) The effect is dependent on a specific receptor, monosialosyl ganglioside (GM1 ganglioside) present on the surface of intestinal mucosal cells. Once it has entered the cell, the A1 subunit enzymatically transfers ADP ribose from NAD to the Gs alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, that regulates the adenylate cyclase system. ADP ribosylation of G proteins stimulates adenlyate cyclase and increases cAMP in cells of the GI tract, promote secretion of fluid and electrolytes in intestinal epithelium leading to rapid dehydration and diarrhea. (L1745) Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Cholera toxin (Ctx) is produced by Vibrio cholerae. It is responsible for the harmful effects of cholera infection. (L1745) Cholera toxin (Ctx) is responsible for the harmful effects of cholera infection, an an infectious gastroenteritis. In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. (L1745, L1755) The main symptom of cholera is exhaustive diarrhea. (L1244) In most cases cholera can be successfully treated with oral rehydration therapy. (L1244) 2009-07-06T18:11:36Z 2014-12-24T20:25:47Z P01555 Cholera toxin 1S5B true Exogenous Liquid 1eei_bio_r_500.jpg image/jpeg 67408 2014-10-14T18:13:45Z BSEQ0008494