2635 Lethal factor Lethal factor (LF) is a component of the anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) toxins, with a zinc-dependent metallo-protease activity. The anthrax toxins consist of three distinct proteins: the protective antigen (PA; 83 kDA), the edema factor (EF; 89 kDA) and the lethal factor (LF; 90 kDa). Individually, none of the three is toxic; PA combined with LF is the lethal toxin (LeTx) and PA combined with EF is the edema toxin (EdTx). (A338, A339) 159233-86-0 93769.5799999997 Clear solution. >10 mg/mL Ingestion (L1816) ; inhalation (L1816) ; dermal (L1816) After binding to a host cell surface receptor, PA is cleaved by membrane endoproteases of the furin family. Cleaved PA molecules assemble into heptamers, which then associate with EF and LF. PA heptamers are endocytosed into acidic compartments, where a conformational change of the complex allows translocation of LF and EF into the cytosol. LF and EF act enzymatically on intracellular substrates: LF is a zinc-dependent metallo-protease that cleaves and inactivates most isoforms of MEKs (mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases), whereas EF is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase that causes a dramatic increase in cytoplasmic cAMP, leading to an imbalance of water homeostasis. (A338, A339) Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. LD50: <114 ug/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (A2855) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Lethal factor (LF) is a component of the anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) toxins. (A338, A339) Lethal factor (LF) is a component of the anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) toxins. Anthrax is an acute diease that may manifest as a pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or cutaneous infection. The toxins are the primary agents of tissue destruction, bleeding, and death of the host. (A338, A339, L1724) Respiratory infection in humans initially presents with cold or flu-like symptoms. Gastrointestinal infection in causes gastrointestinal difficulty, vomiting of blood, severe diarrhea, acute inflammation of the intestinal tract, and loss of appetite. Some lesions may be found in the intestines and in the mouth and throat. Cutaneous anthrax infection in humans shows up as a boil-like skin lesion that eventually forms an ulcer with a black center (eschar). (L1724) Treatment for anthrax infection includes large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, like ciprofloxacin (cipro), doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin or penicillin. In possible cases of inhalation anthrax, early antibiotic prophylaxis treatment is crucial to prevent possible death. There is an anthrax vaccination licensed under the trade name BioThrax. (L1724) 2009-07-06T18:11:24Z 2014-12-24T20:25:45Z P15917 Lethal factor 1J7N true Exogenous Liquid 1j7n_bio_r_500.jpg image/jpeg 64856 2014-10-14T18:13:27Z BSEQ0002707