2568 Batrachotoxin Batrachotoxins (BTX) are extremely potent cardiotoxic and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloids found in poison dart frogs (genus Dendrobates and Phyllobates), Melyridae beetles, and certain birds (genus Pitohui and Ifrita). They act directly on sodium channels. (L1069). It is the most potent non-peptidal neurotoxin known. 23509-16-2 31958 C31H42N2O6 538.67498 White powder. Injestion or inhalation (smoking). L1810 Batrachotoxins act on sodium channels by modifying both their ion selectivity and voltage sensitivity. By increasing the permeability of the cell membrane, the cell is depolarized by the influx of sodium. Sodium channels become persistently active at the resting membrane potential and nerve signal transmission to the muscles is blocked. Batrachotoxin also induces a massive release of acetylcholine in nerves and muscles and destroys of synaptic vesicles. (L1069) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Batrachotoxins are found in poison dart frogs (genus Dendrobates and Phyllobates), Melyridae beetles, and certain birds (genus Pitohui and Ifrita). (L1069) Batrachotoxins affect the peripheral nervous system and heart muscles. (L1069) Batrachotoxins interfere with heart conduction, causing arrhythmias, extrasystoles, ventricular fibrillation and other changes which lead to cardiac arrest. (L1069) While it is not an antidote to batrachotocins, the membrane depolarization can be prevented or reversed by either tetrodotoxin, which is a non-competitive inhibitor, or saxitoxin. These both have effects antagonistic to those of batrachotoxin on sodium flux. Certain anaesthetics may act as receptor antagonists to the action of this alkaloid poison, while other local anaesthetics block its action altogether by acting as competitive antagonists. (L1069) 2009-07-03T22:19:11Z 2014-12-24T20:25:39Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batrachotoxin C13750 Batrachotoxin true CC(OC(=O)C1=C(C)NC=C1C)C1=CCC23OCCN(C)CC12CC(O)C12OC4(O)CCC1(C)C(CC=C32)C4 C31H42N2O6 InChI=1/C31H42N2O6/c1-18-16-32-19(2)25(18)26(35)38-20(3)22-8-9-30-23-7-6-21-14-29(36)11-10-27(21,4)31(23,39-29)24(34)15-28(22,30)17-33(5)12-13-37-30/h7-8,16,20-21,24,32,34,36H,6,9-15,17H2,1-5H3 InChIKey=ISNYUQWBWALXEY-UHFFFAOYNA-N 538.675 538.304287086 Exogenous Solid