<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <id type="integer">2552</id>
  <title>T3D2511</title>
  <common-name>kappa-Hefutoxin</common-name>
  <description>kappa-Hefutoxin is a peptide toxin produced by the Indian black scorpion (Heterometrus fulvipes). It blocks potassium channels. (L1048)</description>
  <cas>478621-50-0</cas>
  <pubchem-id></pubchem-id>
  <chemical-formula nil="true"/>
  <weight>2659.8650000000002</weight>
  <appearance>Clear solution.</appearance>
  <melting-point></melting-point>
  <boiling-point></boiling-point>
  <density nil="true"/>
  <solubility>&gt;10 mg/mL</solubility>
  <specific-gravity nil="true"/>
  <flash-point nil="true"/>
  <vapour-pressure nil="true"/>
  <route-of-exposure>Injection (sting/bite) (L1813)</route-of-exposure>
  <target nil="true"/>
  <mechanism-of-toxicity>kappa-Hefutoxin blocks voltage-gated potassium channels and also slows down their activation kinetics. (L1048)</mechanism-of-toxicity>
  <metabolism>Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases.</metabolism>
  <toxicity></toxicity>
  <lethaldose></lethaldose>
  <carcinogenicity>No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).</carcinogenicity>
  <use-source>kappa-Hefutoxin  is a peptide toxin produced by the Indian black scorpion (Heterometrus fulvipes). (L1048)</use-source>
  <min-risk-level></min-risk-level>
  <health-effects>kappa-Hefutoxin is neurotoxic. (L1048)</health-effects>
  <symptoms>Scorpion stings cause tingling or burning at the site of the sting. In more severe cases, symptoms may include spasm in the throat, feeling of thick tongue, restlessness, muscular fibrillation, abdominal cramps, convulsions, incontinence, hypertension, hypotension, oliguria, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, and respiratory failure. (T156)</symptoms>
  <treatment></treatment>
  <created-at type="dateTime">2009-07-03T22:19:05Z</created-at>
  <updated-at type="dateTime">2014-12-24T20:25:38Z</updated-at>
  <interacting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <wikipedia></wikipedia>
  <uniprot-id>P82850</uniprot-id>
  <kegg-compound-id></kegg-compound-id>
  <omim-id></omim-id>
  <chebi-id></chebi-id>
  <biocyc-id></biocyc-id>
  <ctd-id></ctd-id>
  <stitch-id></stitch-id>
  <drugbank-id></drugbank-id>
  <pdb-id>1HP9</pdb-id>
  <actor-id></actor-id>
  <organism nil="true"/>
  <export type="boolean">true</export>
  <metabolizing-proteins nil="true"/>
  <transporting-proteins nil="true"/>
  <moldb-smiles nil="true"/>
  <moldb-formula nil="true"/>
  <moldb-inchi nil="true"/>
  <moldb-inchikey nil="true"/>
  <moldb-average-mass type="decimal" nil="true"/>
  <moldb-mono-mass type="decimal" nil="true"/>
  <origin>Exogenous</origin>
  <state>Liquid</state>
  <logp></logp>
  <hmdb-id></hmdb-id>
  <chembl-id></chembl-id>
  <chemspider-id></chemspider-id>
  <structure-image-file-name>1hp9_asym_r_500.jpg</structure-image-file-name>
  <structure-image-content-type>image/jpeg</structure-image-content-type>
  <structure-image-file-size type="integer">12881</structure-image-file-size>
  <structure-image-updated-at type="dateTime">2014-10-14T18:12:56Z</structure-image-updated-at>
  <biodb-id>BSEQ0008440</biodb-id>
  <synthesis-reference></synthesis-reference>
  <structure-image-caption nil="true"/>
</compound>
