2541 alpha-Latrotoxin Latrotoxins are the main active components of the venom of spiders of the genus Latrodectus (widow spiders). They are neurotoxins and are responsible for the symptoms of latrodectism. The best-studied latrotoxin is alpha-latrotoxin, which acts presynaptically to release neurotransmitters from sensory and motor neurons, as well as on endocrine cells. (L1027) 65988-34-3 156855.50000000058 Clear solution. >10 mg/mL Injection (sting/bite) (L1812) alpha-Latrotoxin acts presynaptically to release neurotransmitters from sensory and motor neurons, as well as on endocrine cells. alpha-Latrotoxin tetramers can form ion-permeable pores in the membrane of target cells, causing influx of calcium ions and thus leading to massive release of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and GABA. alpha-Latrotoxin insertion requires the receptors neurexin, latrophilin, and protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma. alpha-Latrotoxin interactions with latrophilin is also believed to have other signalling-related actions. (L1027) Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. LD50: 0.90 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (T253) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Latrotoxins are the main active components of the venom of spiders of the genus Latrodectus (widow spiders). (L1027) alpha-Latrotoxin causes a condition called latrodectism, which results from the venom acting at nerve endings to prevent relaxation of muscles, causing tetany (constant, strong, painful muscle contractions). Although severe symptoms such as shock and coma are known to have happened, death due to latrodectism is rare. (L1028) Symptoms of latrodectism include pain in muscle groups local to the bite, muscle cramping, headache, dizziness, tremors, salivation, diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, lacrimation, joint pain, tachycardia or bradycardia, restlessness, hypertension, and tachypnea. (L1028) Treatments for latrodectism usually involve symptomatic therapy with pain medication, muscle relaxants, and antivenom. (L1028) 2009-07-03T22:19:01Z 2014-12-24T20:25:37Z P23631 Alpha-latrotoxin true Exogenous Liquid alpha-Latrotoxin.jpg image/jpeg 68377 2014-10-14T18:12:47Z BSEQ0008430