2533 Holocyclotoxin Holocyclotoxin or Holocyclotoxin I is a peptide toxin produced by the Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus) (T170). This tick has been responsible for 20 human fatalities from 1900 to 1945, and up to 100,000 domestic animal fatalities annually. The toxin has a novel 3D fold with three of its four disulfide bonds comprising an inhibitory cystine knot (ICK) motif. (A15333) 88254-04-0 7834.1249999999945 Clear solution. >10 mg/mL Injection (sting/bite) (L1811) Holocyclotoxin produces paralysis by acting at the neuromuscular junction. (A2834) Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Holocyclotoxin is a peptide toxin produced by the tick (Ixodes holocyclus). (T170) Holocyclotoxin is a neurotoxin that produces tick paralysis. (L1807) Tick paralysis causes symptoms within 2-7 days, beginning with weakness in both legs that progresses to paralysis. The paralysis ascends to trunk, arms, and head within hours and may lead to respiratory failure and death. The disease can present as acute ataxia without muscle weakness. (L1807) Once the tick is removed, symptoms usually diminish rapidly. An antivenom also exists for tick poisoning. (L1044, L1807) 2009-07-03T22:18:57Z 2014-12-24T20:25:36Z Q5UB45 true Exogenous Liquid Holocyclotoxin.jpg image/jpeg 51154 2014-10-14T18:12:39Z BSEQ0008422