2518 Insulin Insulin is a hormone that has extensive effects on metabolism and other body functions, such as vascular compliance. It is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. It is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. When insulin is absent (or low), glucose is not taken up by body cells, and the body begins to use fat as an energy source (L1006). 11061-68-0 70678557 11980.794999999993 Colorless injection or straw colored liquid (L1007). 81°C >10 mg/mL Injection (sting/bite) (T167). Insulin is generally well absorbed. Insulin has a direct inhibitory effect on the lipase concerned with the mobilization of fattty acids. Insulin binds to a receptor on the surface of the target cell and probably also enters the cell in this state (L1007, T167). A fraction of exogenous insulin in plasma may be associated with certain proteins, chiefly alpha- and beta-globulins. These associations are of importance for the transport of insulin, which appears to circulate in the blood and the lymph. It is proposed that two systems are involved in the degradation of insulin by liver.(1) The glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase, which utilizes reduced glutathione to reduce disulfide bridges.(2) Proteolic enzymes that cleaves reduced and separated chains to peptides and amino acids. While Insulin is partly excreted in the urine, the kidney filters and reabsorbs the hormone and renal excretion is not the major route of elimination. Liver and kidney are of primary importance in degrading the hormone and each is capable of destroying a large part of the insulin produced daily. (T167). No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The early symptoms of hypoglycemia are weakness, hunger, giddiness, pallor, sweating, sinking feeling in the stomach, palpitations, irritability, nervousness, headache and tremor. Symptoms resemble those of sympathetic stimulation. Later, symptoms such as depression or euphoria, inability to concentrate, blurring of vision, drowsiness, lack of judgement and self control and amnesia may be present due to neuroglycopenia. Acute insulin overdosage results in hypoglycemia, resultant seizures and coma, as well as permanent neurological damage. Tachycardia, palpitations, and cardiac arrhythmias secondary to hypokalemia may occur. Hypoglycemic coma is common following severe overdose; lack of treatment can result in irreversible brain damage (T36, L1007). Lethargy, lassitude, yawning, and irritability may occur (T36). Immediately administer an IV bolus (50 mol) of 50% dextrose over a period of 2 to 3 minutes. Improvement will usually be seen in 3 to 5 minutes. Glucagon may be given to mobilize liver glycogen if no dextrose injection is available. Intravenous potassium (20 to 60 mEq/litre of fluid) can be administer chloride to correct cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle paralysis, or ECG changes secondary to hypokalemia. (T36) 2009-07-03T21:57:01Z 2014-12-24T20:25:34Z Insulin P01308 C00723 5931 Insulin DB00030 1A7F true Endogenous Liquid 1ev6_bio_r_500.jpg image/jpeg 57622 2014-10-14T18:12:33Z BSEQ0006763 <p>Humulin is synthesized in a special non-disease-producing laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered to produce human insulin.</p>