2496 Ibotenic acid Ibotenic acid is a chemical compound that is naturally occurring in the mushrooms Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina, among others. Ibotenic acid is a powerful neurotoxin that is used as a brain-lesioning agent and has shown to be highly neurotoxic when injected directly into the brains of mice and rats. In 1960's, ibotenic acid was originally isolated from Amanita ibotengutake in Japan. A. ibotengutake is very like to A. pantherina. (L1141) 2552-55-8 1233 C5H6N2O4 158.032760 White powder. Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101) A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (L1142, L1672) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Ibotenic acid is used as a brain lesioning agent in the medical environment. When injected intracranially, ibotenic acid causes the development of lesions of the brain. (L1141) Ibotenic acid is neurotoxic. (L1141) When ibotenic acid is ingested, a small portion is decarboxylated into muscimol. Ibotenic acid evokes entheogenic effects in human beings at doses in range of 50-100 mg. Peak intoxication is reached approximately 2-3 hours after oral ingestion, consisting of one or all of the following; visual distortions/hallucinations, loss of equilibrium, muscle twitching (commonly mislabeled as convulsions), and altered sensory perception. These effects generally last for 6-8 hours, varying with dose. (L1141) 2009-07-03T20:59:52Z 2014-12-24T20:25:31Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibotenic_acid C10600 25520 D007051 Ibotenic acid true N[C@H](C(O)=O)C1=CC(O)=NO1 C5H6N2O4 InChI=1S/C5H6N2O4/c6-4(5(9)10)2-1-3(8)7-11-2/h1,4H,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t4-/m0/s1 InChIKey=IRJCBFDCFXCWGO-BYPYZUCNSA-N 158.1121 158.03275669 Exogenous Solid