2407 T3D2403 Hexane Hexane is found in citrus. Hexane is an extraction solvent used in food production Present in volatile fractions of various plant species e.g. apples, orange juice, guava fruit, roasted filberts, porcini (Boletus edulis), shiitake (Lentinus edodes), heated sweet potato and sage. Also present in scallops Hexane has been shown to exhibit hepatoprotective, antibiotic, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial functions (A7812, A7813, A7814, A7815, A7816). Hexane belongs to the family of Acyclic Alkanes. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2. 110-54-3 8058 C6H14 86.109550 Colorless liquid. -93.5°C 0.0095 mg/mL at 25°C Oral (L175) ; inhalation (L175) ;dermal (L175) Hexane's toxicity is caused by it neurotoxic metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione. It damages the central and peripheral nervous system by causing axonal swelling and degeneration. 2,5-Hexanedione also reacts with lysine side-chain amino groups in axonal cytoskeletal proteins to form pyrroles. This results in neurofilament cross-linking and loss of function. (L175) Hexane is mainly absorbed via inhalation, as it is readily absorbed by the lungs. It is distributed throughout the body in the blood, and metabolized by mixed function oxidases in the liver to a number of metabolites. The initial reaction is oxidation by cytochrome P-450 isozymes to hexanols, predominantly 2-hexanol. Further reactions convert 2-hexanol to 2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanediol, 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 4,5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone and the neurotoxicant 2,5-hexanedione. Hexane metabolites are excreted in the urine, while unchanged hexane is excreted in expired air. (L175) LD50: 28 710 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14) LC50: 48 000 ppm over 4 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (L174) 50 grams for an adult human. (T29) Hexane is found in gasoline, which is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (L135) Pure n-hexane is used in laboratories. Most of the n-hexane used in industry is mixed with similar chemicals called solvents. The major use for solvents containing n-hexane is to extract vegetable oils from crops such as soybeans. These solvents are also used as cleaning agents in the printing, textile, furniture, and shoemaking industries. Certain kinds of special glues used in the roofing and shoe and leather industries also contain n-hexane. Several consumer products contain n-hexane, such as gasoline, quick-drying glues used in various hobbies, and rubber cement. (L175) Chronic Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (L134) Hexane mainly affects the nervous system. It causes degeneration of the peripheral nervous system (and eventually the central nervous system), starting with damage to the nerve axons. Exposure to hexane may also damage the lungs and reproductive system. (L977, L978) Breathing large amounts of hexane causes numbness in the feet and hands, followed by muscle weakness in the feet and lower legs. Continued exposure may lead to paralysis of the arms and legs. However, if removed from the exposure, recovery occurs in 6 months to a year. Inhalation of high concentrations produces first a state of mild euphoria, followed by somnolence with headaches and nausea. (L175, A121) 2009-06-30T20:14:11Z 2014-12-24T20:25:27Z Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) Cytochrome P450 2B1 (P05181) (L175) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexane C11271 29021 CPD-8232 C026385 n-Hexane DB02764 HEX 707 true Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) Cytochrome P450 2B1 (P05181) (L175) CCCCCC C6H14 InChI=1S/C6H14/c1-3-5-6-4-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3 InChIKey=VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 86.1754 86.109550448 Exogenous Liquid 3.9 HMDB29600 CHEMBL15939 7767 <p>Willy D. Kollmeyer, &#8220;Process for preparing 3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexane-2-carbonitrile.&#8221; U.S. Patent US4225499, issued August, 1949.</p>