1450 Chromium(III) sulfate Chromium(III) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula Cr2(SO4)3 дуў 12(H2O). This consists of the hydrated sulfate salt of the metal aquo complex with the formula [Cr(H2O)6]3+, which is responsible for the purple color of this salt. It is widely used in the tanning of leather, with associated environmental damage. Chromium is most toxic in its +6 oxidation state (chromium(VI)) due to its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. Trivalent chromium (chromium(III)) however, is biologically necessary for sugar and lipid metabolism in humans. (L17, L524) 10101-53-8 197935 Cr3H12O14S2 Purple solid. Oral (L16) ; inhalation (L16) ; dermal (L16) Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36) Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (A12, L16) 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135) Chromium(III) sulfate is used in the tanning of leather. (L524) Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic. It may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium, a known carcinogen. Hexavalent chromium has also been shown to affect reproduction and development. (A12) Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic, but it may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium. Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16) There is no know antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L16) 2009-06-19T21:58:47Z 2014-12-24T20:23:55Z Sulfate transporter (P50443) Sulfate anion transporter 1 (Q9H2B4) (A12) Chromium(III) sulfate true Sulfate transporter (P50443) Sulfate anion transporter 1 (Q9H2B4) (A12) O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cr+3].[Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O Cr3H12O14S2 InChI=1S/3Cr.2H2O4S.6H2O/c;;;2*1-5(2,3)4;;;;;;/h;;;2*(H2,1,2,3,4);6*1H2/q3*+3;;;;;;;;/p-4 InChIKey=GEXKWFJSXLCCEG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 456.202 455.785639285 Exogenous Solid 171318