1039 Deltamethrin Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid (type 2) ester insecticide. This material is a member of one of the safest classes of pesticides: synthetic pyrethroids. While mammalian exposure to deltamethrin is classified as safe, this pesticide is highly toxic to aquatic life, particularly fish, and therefore must be used with extreme caution around water. A pyrethroid is a synthetic chemical compound similar to the natural chemical pyrethrins produced by the flowers of pyrethrums (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and C. coccineum). Pyrethroids are common in commercial products such as household insecticides and insect repellents. In the concentrations used in such products, they are generally harmless to human beings but can harm sensitive individuals. They are usually broken apart by sunlight and the atmosphere in one or two days, and do not significantly affect groundwater quality except for being toxic to fish. Since deltamethrin is a neurotoxin, it temporarily attacks (in medical terms, insults) the nervous system of any animal with which it comes into contact. Skin contact can lead to tingling or reddening of the skin local to the application. If taken in through the eyes or mouth, a common symptom is facial paraesthesia, which can feel like many different abnormal sensations, including burning, partial numbness, pins and needles, skin crawling, etc. 52918-63-5 40585 C22H19Br2NO3 502.973170 Colourless crystalline powder (L874). 100°C 2e-06 mg/mL at 25°C Inhalation (L857) ; oral (L857) ; dermal (L857) ; eye contact (L857). Both type I and type II pyrethroids exert their effect by prolonging the open phase of the sodium channel gates when a nerve cell is excited. They appear to bind to the membrane lipid phase in the immediate vicinity of the sodium channel, thus modifying the channel kinetics. This blocks the closing of the sodium gates in the nerves, and thus prolongs the return of the membrane potential to its resting state. The repetitive (sensory, motor) neuronal discharge and a prolonged negative afterpotential produces effects quite similar to those produced by DDT, leading to hyperactivity of the nervous system which can result in paralysis and/or death. Other mechanisms of action of pyrethroids include antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, modulation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, enhancement of noradrenaline release, and actions on calcium ions. They also inhibit calium channels and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase. (T10, T18, L857) Deltamethrin is readily absorbed by the oral route, but less so dermally; absorbed deltamethrin is readily metabolized and excreted. The major degradation pathway of cypermethrin is hydrolysis of the ester linkage to (yield ultimately) 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid. (From the cis-isomer both cis- and trans- cyclopropanecarboxylic acids are found.) A minor degradative route is ring hydroxylation to give an alpha-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzyl ester followed by hydrolysis to produce the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acid (A558). LD50: 4123 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (A563) LD50: >2460 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (A563) 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135) Pyrethroids are used as insecticides. (L857) At high doses, signs of poisoning attributable to deltamethrin include profuse salivation and pulmonary edema, clonic seizures, opisthotonos (i.e., the spine is bent forward such that a supine body rests on its head and heels), coma, and death. At lower doses, commonly observed effects include paresthesia and erythema (L863). Following dermal exposure to deltamethrin, feelings of numbness, itching, burning, stinging, tingling, or warmth may occur, that could last for a few hours. Ddizziness, headache, nausea, muscle twitching, reduced energy, and changes in awareness can reult from inhalation or ingestion of large amounts of deltamethrin. Paralysis can occur after exposure (L857). Following oral exposure, the treatment is symptomatic and supportive and includes monitoring for the development of hypersensitivity reactions with respiratory distress. Provide adequate airway management when needed. Gastric decontamination is usually not required unless the pyrethrin product is combined with a hydrocarbon. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. If the contamination occurs through dermal exposure, Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Vitamin E topical application is highly effective in relieving parenthesis. (L363) 2009-06-18T17:03:35Z 2014-12-24T20:23:05Z Deltamethrin interacts with the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor/channel, sodium as well as calcium channels. Hepatic and extrahepatic carboxylesterases metabolize derltamethrin. Deltamethrin inhibits basal adenylate cyclase. Ca2+ ATPase (T18, L857, A259, A260). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/deltamethrin C10985 4388 Deltamethrin 387 true Liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) Carboxylesterase 2 (O00748) Carboxylesterase 3 (Q6UWW8) Inactive carboxylesterase 4 (Q9UKY3) Carboxylesterase 7 ( Q6NT32) Carboxylesterase 8 (Q5XG92) (T18, L857, A259) [H][C@@](OC(=O)[C@]1([H])[C@]([H])(C=C(Br)Br)C1(C)C)(C#N)C1=CC(OC2=CC=CC=C2)=CC=C1 C22H19Br2NO3 InChI=1S/C22H19Br2NO3/c1-22(2)17(12-19(23)24)20(22)21(26)28-18(13-25)14-7-6-10-16(11-14)27-15-8-4-3-5-9-15/h3-12,17-18,20H,1-2H3/t17-,18+,20-/m0/s1 InChIKey=OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 505.199 502.973168773 Exogenous Solid 6.2 HMDB41866 CHEMBL1593566 37079