783 1,3-Dinitrobenzene 1,3-Dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) is a synthetic substance that is used in explosives. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137, L199) 99-65-0 291796 C6H6N4O4 198.038900 Yellow solid. 90°C 0.533 mg/mL at 25°C [SPANGGORD,RJ et al. (1980)] Oral (L199) ; inhalation (L199) ; dermal (L199) In the red blood cell, 1,3-DNB induces formation of methemoglobin, leading to cyanosis. Reduction of the nitrogroup(s) of 1,3-DNB produces reactive nitroaromatic radical anions which redox cycle to produce other reactive, toxic species such as superoxide anion. Redox cycling of these intermediates probably causes the methemoglobinemia. In the male reproductive system, 1,3-DNB causes disruption of spermatogenesis resulting in hypospermia, poor sperm quality, and infertility. Reduction of 1,3-DNB to reactive species such as nitrosonitrobenzene is believed to damage Sertoli cells. (L199) 1,3-Dinitrobenzene is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and is believed to be able to penetrate the red blood cell membrane. The metabolism of 1,3-DNB includes both oxidative and reductive biotransformations, followed by conjugation. The main metabolites are 3-aminoacetanilide, 4-acetamidophenylsulfate, 1,3-diacetamidobenzene, and 3-nitroaniline-N-glucuronide. The main route of excretion of 1,3-DNB metabolites is the urine. (L199) LD50: 59 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L199) LD50: 1990 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (L199) LD50: 10 mg/kg (Intravenous, Dog) (T14) LD50: 28 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (T14) No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135) 1,3-Dinitrobenzene is used in explosives. Waste discharges from army ammunitions plants or other chemical manufacturers are the primary sources for release into the air, water, and soil. (L199) Acute Oral: 0.008 mg/kg/day (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic exposure to 1,3-dinitrobenzene can cause a reduction (or loss) in the number of red blood cells (anemia). It may also cause behavioral changes and male reproductive system damage. (L199) Exposure to high concentrations of 1,3-dinitrobenzene can reduce the ability of blood to carry oxygen and can cause your skin to become bluish in color. Other symptoms of 1,3-dinitrobenzene exposure include headache, nausea, and dizziness.(L199) Treatment is mainly symptomatic and may include gastric lavage and/or the administration of activated charcoal. Benzodiazepine may be administered if seizures occur. If methemoglobinemia is evident, 1 to 2 mg/kg of 1% methylene blue should be administered via IV. (T36) 2009-05-25T21:11:21Z 2014-12-24T20:22:49Z C017906 1,3-Dinitrobenzene 6434 true NC1=CC(N)=C(C=C1[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O C6H6N4O4 InChI=1S/C6H6N4O4/c7-3-1-4(8)6(10(13)14)2-5(3)9(11)12/h1-2H,7-8H2 InChIKey=DFBUFGZWPXQRJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 198.1362 198.0389047 Exogenous Solid 257460