652 Beryllium nitrate Beryllium nitrate is a nitrate of beryllium. Beryllium is a lightweight alkaline earth metal with the atomic number 4. It is a relatively rare element found naturally only combined with other elements in minerals. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (L1137, L24) 13597-99-4 26126 BeN2O6 132.987820 White powder. Oral (L1137) ; Inhalation (L1137) Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmonary) granulomas. Beryllium's toxicity may be controlled by the iron-storage protein ferritin, which sequesters beryllium by binding it and preventing it from interacting with other enzymes. Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613, L25, A37, A91) Beryllium is absorbed mainly through the lungs, where it enters the bloodstream and is transported throughout the body by binding to prealbumins and gamma-globulins. Beryllium accumulates in lung tissue and the skeleton. It is excreted mainly in the urine. Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137, L25) 1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135) Beryllium nitrate is used as a chemichal reagent, a gas mantle hardener and in refining beryllium ores (A596). Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (L134) Acute inhalation of a high level of beryllium can result in a pneumonia-like condition called acute beryllium disease. Chronic inhalation of beryllium can cause an inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system called chronic beryllium disease. Chronic beryllium disease may result in anorexia and weight loss, as well as right side heart enlargement and heart disease in advanced cases. Chronic exposure can also increase the risk of lung cancer. Skin contact with beryllium results in contact dermatitus. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137, L24, L25) Chronic beryllium disease causes fatigue, weakness, difficulty breathing, and a persistent dry cough. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137, L24, L25) Chronic beryllium disease is treated with immunosuppressive medicines, usually of the glucocorticoid class. Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613, L24) 2009-03-21T01:28:40Z 2014-12-24T20:22:29Z Transthyretin (P02766) Ferritin light chain (P02792) Ferritin heavy chain (P02794) Ferritin, mitochondrial (Q8N4E7) Ferritin heavy polypeptide-like 17 (Q9BXU8) Putative ferritin heavy polypeptide-like 19 (P0C7X4) (L25) C051438 Beryllium nitrate true Transthyretin (P02766) Ferritin light chain (P02792) Ferritin heavy chain (P02794) Ferritin, mitochondrial (Q8N4E7) Ferritin heavy polypeptide-like 17 (Q9BXU8) Putative ferritin heavy polypeptide-like 19 (P0C7X4) (L25) [O-][N+](=O)O[Be]O[N+]([O-])=O BeN2O6 InChI=1S/Be.2NO3/c;2*2-1(3)4/q+2;2*-1 InChIKey=RFVVBBUVWAIIBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 133.022 132.987817877 Exogenous Solid 24337