104 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (1,3,5-TNB) is a synthetic substance that is used in explosives. (L199) 99-35-4 7434 C6H3N3O6 213.002180 Yellow solid. 121.5°C 0.278 mg/mL at 15 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Oral (L199); inhalation (L199) ; dermal (L199) In the red blood cell, 1,3,5-TNB induces formation of methemoglobin, leading to cyanosis. Reduction of the nitrogroup(s) of 1,3,5-TNB produces reactive nitroaromatic radical anions which redox cycle to produce other reactive species such as superoxide anion. Redox cycling of these intermediates probably causes the methemoglobinemia. 1,3,5-TNB may also exert neurotoxic effects by damaging the blood-brain barrier.(L199, A136) 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and is believed to penetrate the red blood cell membrane. The metabolism of 1,3,5-TNB includes both oxidative and reductive biotransformations, followed by conjugation. The main route of excretion of 1,3,5-TNB metabolites is the urine. (L199) LD50: 250 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T13) LD50: 32 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (T13) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene is used in explosives. Waste discharges from army ammunitions plants or other chemical manufacturers are the primary sources for release into the air, water, and soil. (L199) Chronic exposure to 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene can cause a reduction (or loss) in the number of red blood cells (anemia). 1,3,5-TNB may also have neurotoxic effects. (L199, A136) Exposure to high concentrations of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene can reduce the ability of blood to carry oxygen and can cause skin bluishing. Other symptoms nclude headache, nausea, and dizziness. (L199) Treatment is mainly symptomatic and may include gastric lavage and/or the administration of activated charcoal. Benzodiazepine may be administered if seizures occur. If methemoglobinemia is evident, 1 to 2 mg/kg of 1% methylene blue should be administered via IV. (T36) 2009-03-06T18:58:05Z 2014-12-24T20:21:07Z http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 48113 C029222 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 1437 true [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(=CC(=C1)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O C6H3N3O6 InChI=1S/C6H3N3O6/c10-7(11)4-1-5(8(12)13)3-6(2-4)9(14)15/h1-3H InChIKey=UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 213.1045 213.002184843 Exogenous Solid 13873689