81 Dichloromethane Dichloromethane is used as an extraction solvent in the preparation of decaffeinated coffee, hop extracts and spice oleoresins. Diluent for colour additives and inks for marking fruit and vegetables The output of these processes is a mixture of methyl chloride, dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. These compounds are separated by distillation. Dichloromethane has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-proliferative, analgesic, anti-fungal and antibiotic functions (A7704, A7705, A7706, A7707, A7708). Dichloromethane belongs to the family of Organochlorides. These are organic compounds containing a chlorine atom. 1975-09-02 6344 CH2Cl2 83.953360 Colorless liquid. -96.8°C 13 mg/mL at 25°C Oral (L188) ; inhalation (L188) ; dermal (L188) Methylene chloride targets the lungs, blood system, and nervous system. In the lungs its metabolites damage Clara cells. It is also metabolized into carbon monoxide, which binds to hemoglobin to produce dose-dependent increases in carboxyhemoglobin. This results in the reduced oxygen transport and neurological dysfunction characteristic of carboxyhemoglobinemia (carbon monoxide poisoning). Methylene chloride is also believed to cause neurotoxicity by interfering with signal transmission in a manner similar to general anesthetics. Certain metabolites, such as formaldehyde, may result in carcinogenic effects by causing DNA single strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks, and other mutations. (T10, L188) Absorption mainly occurs via inhalation, but may also result from oral or dermal exposure. Methylene chloride is mainly distributed to the adipose tissue and liver. It may be metabolized by cytochrome P-450 2E1, which ultimately produces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide via formyl chloride. Methylene chloride can also be metabolized by theta glutathione-S-transferase, which produces carbon dioxide via a postulated glutathione conjugate (S-chloromethyl glutathione) and formaldehyde. Both pathways produce toxic metabolites which are excreted mainly in expired air, but also in the urine. (T10, L188) LD50: 437 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14) LD50: 6460 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (T14) LD50: 1600 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T32) LC50: 14 400 ppm over 7 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (T14) 357 mg/kg (oral) or 50 000 ppm (inhalation) for an adult human. (T34) 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (L135) Methylene chloride is widely used as a solvent in industrial processes, paint stripper, and degreaser. It is also used in food preparation, aerosol propellants, pesticides, and the manufacture of photographic film. (T10, L188) Acute Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (L134) Intermediate Inhalation: 0.3 ppm (L134) Chronic Inhalation: 0.3 ppm (L134) Acute Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.06 mg/kg/day (L134) Exposure to methylene chloride may cause optic neuropathy and hepatitis. Very high concentrations can lead to unconciousness, coma, and death. It is metabolized to carbon monoxide, potentially leading to carbon monoxide poisoning. Methylene chloride also causes liver and kidney injury, and may be a carcinogen. (T10, L189) Breathing large amounts of methylene chloride causes dizziness, nausea, tingling or numbness of the finger and toes, loss of concentration, and reduced hand-eye coordination. Very high concentrations can lead to unconciousness, coma, and death. Skin contact with methylene chloride causes burning and redness of the skin. (L188, L189) Treatment of methylene chloride exposure is mainly symptomatic. Ingested methylene chloride may be removed by emesis and/or gastric lavage, and activated charcoal. Hyperbaric oxygen may be used to treat the carbon monoxide poisoning that can result from inhalation of methylene chloride. (L190) 2009-03-06T18:58:02Z 2014-12-24T20:21:04Z Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) (L188) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloromethane C02271 15767 CPD-4521 D008752 Methylene chloride 885 true Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) (L188) ClCCl CH2Cl2 InChI=1S/CH2Cl2/c2-1-3/h1H2 InChIKey=YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 84.933 83.953355478 Exogenous Liquid 1.25 HMDB31548 6104