68 beta Endosulfan Endosulfan, beta is one of two stereoisomers of endosulfan. Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaricide. It is used to control insects on food and non-food crops and as a wood preservative. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, the use of endosulfan is banned in many areas. (L113) 33213-65-9 6434141 C9H6Cl6O3S 403.816880 Cream- to brown-colored solid. 106°C 0.00045 mg/mL at 20 °C [BOWMAN,BT & SANS,WW (1983)]; 0.000325 mg/mL at 22 °C [TOMLIN,C (1994)] Oral (L114) ; inhalation (L114) ; dermal (L114) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (P14867) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 (P47869) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 (P34903) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 (P48169) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 (P31644) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 (Q16445) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 (P18505) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 (P47870) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 (P28472) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta (O14764) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 (Q8N1C3) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (P18507) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 (Q99928) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi (O00591) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 (P24046) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 (P28476) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 (A8MPY1) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta (Q9UN88) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (P05023) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 (P50993) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 (P13637) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 (Q13733) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 (P05026) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 (P14415) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 (P54709) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain (P54710) Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 (P98194) Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 2 (O75185) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 (P20020) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 (Q01814) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 (Q16720) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 (P23634) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (O14983) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (P16615) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (Q93084) Progesterone receptor (P06401) Estrogen receptor (P03372) Estrogen receptor beta (Q92731) (T10, L113, L114, A61) Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. Endosulfan also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. Endosulfan is also an endocrine disruptor and acts as an agonist at the progesterone receptor and estrogen receptors. (T10, L113, L114, A61, A114) Endosulfan is absorbed by inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. It accumulates mainly in the liver, kidney, and brain, and is metabolized to polar and nonpolar metabolites by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Endosulfan and its metabolites, which include sulfate, diol, α-hydroxyether, lactone, and ether derivatives of endosulfan, are excreted in the urine and faeces. (L114) LD50: 18 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14) LD50: 34 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14) LD50: 8 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (T14) LD50: 360 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rabbit) (T14) LC50: 80 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (T14) 50 to 500 mg/kg for an adult human. (T27) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Endosulfan is used as an insecticide, acaricide, and in wood preservatives. (L114) Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (L134) Endosulfan is a neurotoxin and damages the central nervous system, causing effects such as intermittent muscle twitching and myoclonic jerking. Endosulfan can also damage the kidneys, testes, and liver, and may possibly affect the body's ability to fight infection. It is also an endocrine disruptor and causes reproductive and developmental damage. (T10, L113, L114) Symptoms of endosulfan poisoning include hyperactivity, hyperreflexia, tremors, dizziness, headache, convulsions, lack of coordination, staggering, difficulty breathing, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. (T10, L113, L114) Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (L161) 2009-03-06T18:58:01Z 2014-12-24T20:21:01Z Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) (A62) Endosulfan, beta 8145 true Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) (A62) ClC1=C(Cl)[C@]2(Cl)C3COS(=O)OCC3[C@@]1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl C9H6Cl6O3S InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2/t3?,4?,7-,8+,19? InChIKey=RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-QTSFFCDANA-N 406.925 403.81688099 Exogenous Solid 16736499