64 Endrin ketone Endrin ketone is the chemical produced when endrin is exposed to light. Endrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an insecticide on cotton, maize, and rice. It also acts as an avicide and rodenticide. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, its use is now banned in most parts of the world. (L111) 53494-70-5 62060 C12H8Cl6O 377.870630 White powder. Oral (L111) Endrin antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. Endrin also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. Endrin also causes increased lipid peroxidation, decreased membrane fluidity, and DNA damage in hepatocytes, but the exact mechanism is unknown. (T10, L112) Endrin is absorbed orally and distributed primarily to the fat and skin. The major biotransformation product is anti-l 2-hydroxyendrin and the corresponding sulfate, as well as glucuronide metabolites. Anti- and syn-12-hydroxyendrin and 12-ketoendrin are the main toxic metabolites of endrin. Endrin and its metabolites are excreted in urine and feces. (L112) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). Endrin is used as a pesticide. (L111) Endrin poisoning affects primarily the nerve system. Exposure causes various harmful effects including hyperexcitability, severe central nervous system damage, and death. Endrin is also believed to cause birth defects. (T10, L112) Symptoms that may result from endrin poisoning are headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. (L112) Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (L150) 2009-03-06T18:58:00Z 2014-12-24T20:21:01Z Endrin ketone true ClC1C2(Cl)C3C4CC5C3C(Cl)(C2(Cl)Cl)C1(Cl)C5C4=O C12H8Cl6O InChI=1S/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)6-2-1-3(7(6)19)4-5(2)11(9,16)12(17,18)10(4,8)15/h2-6,8H,1H2 InChIKey=IZHZFAQWVKBTSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 380.909 377.87063112 Exogenous Solid 55898