51 O,P'-DDT DDT, O,P'- is an isomer of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, an organochlorine insecticide. It is the major component of commercial mixtures of DDT. DDT was once a widely used pesticide, but today its agricultural use has been banned worldwide due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate. However, it still has limited use in disease vector control. (L84) 789-02-6 13089 C14H9Cl5 351.914690 White powder. 8.5e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)] Oral (L85) Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (Q9UL51) Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (Q9Y3Q4) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (P05023) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 (P50993) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 (P13637) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 (Q13733) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 (P05026) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 (P14415) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 (P54709) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain (P54710) Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 (P98194) Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 2 (O75185) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 (P20020) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 (Q01814) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 (Q16720) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 (P23634) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (O14983) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (P16615) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (Q93084) Calmodulin (P62158) Estrogen receptor (P03372) Estrogen receptor beta (Q92731) Androgen receptor (P10275) (T10) DDT toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDT reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDT inhibits inactivation of the porous channels through which sodium ions pass. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization, causing a state of hyperexcitability. DDT inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDT also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. DDT is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (T10, L85) DDT is absorbed in the stomach and intestine, after which it enters the lymphatic system and is carried throughout the body and incorporated into fatty tissues. Metabolism of DDT occurs mainly via cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver and kidney, where it undergoes reductive dechlorination to DDD (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) and DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene). These compounds are further degraded into additional metabolites, mainly DDA (bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid), which are excreted in the urine. (L85) LD50: 87 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L141) LD50: 1931 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (L141) LD50: 1500 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (L141) DDT is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (L2151) DDT is used as a pesticide and in disease vector control. (L84) Exposure to DDT causes loss of weight and anorexia. DDT poisoning affects CNS function in humans, but pathologic changes are observed in the liver and reproductive organs. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrolobular necrosis after exposure to high concentrations, and an increase in the incidence of hepatic tumors have been noted. (T10) Acute signs of DDT poisoning include paresthesia after oral ingestion. Studies have shown that a mammal poisoned with DDT-type agents displays periodic persistent tremoring and/or convulsive seizures that are suggestive of repetitive discharges in neurons. These repetitive tremors and seizures can be initiated by tactile and auditory stimuli. (T10) Treatment of DDT exposure should be primarily directed towards decontamination and supportive care, as there is no specific antidote. The use of gastric lavage and activated charcoal for large ingestions may be effective. (L140) 2009-03-06T18:57:59Z 2014-12-24T20:20:58Z Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55) (L85) C14187 C016340 DDT, O,P'- true Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55) (L85) ClC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C1=CC=CC=C1Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl C14H9Cl5 InChI=1S/C14H9Cl5/c15-10-7-5-9(6-8-10)13(14(17,18)19)11-3-1-2-4-12(11)16/h1-8,13H InChIKey=CVUGPAFCQJIYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 354.486 351.914688823 Exogenous Solid CHEMBL364900 12543