44 delta-Hexachlorocyclohexane Hexachlorocyclohexane, Delta- is one of eight isoforms of the commercially manufactured chemical hexachlorocyclohexane. It is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (L108) 319-86-8 727 C6H6Cl6 287.860070 White powder or colorless vapor. 141.5°C 0.01 mg/mL at 20 °C [SHIU,WY et al.(1990)] Oral (L108) ; inhalation (L108) ; dermal (L108) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (P14867) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 (P47869) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 (P34903) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 (P48169) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 (P31644) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 (Q16445) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 (P18505) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 (P47870) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 (P28472) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta (O14764) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 (Q8N1C3) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (P18507) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 (Q99928) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi (O00591) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 (P24046) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 (P28476) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 (A8MPY1) Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta (Q9UN88) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (P05023) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 (P50993) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 (P13637) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 (Q13733) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 (P05026) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 (P14415) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 (P54709) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain (P54710) Estrogen-related receptor gamma (P62508) Androgen receptor (P10275) Progesterone receptor (P06401) (L108, L109, A60) Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. It is also believed to inhibit sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases and be an endocrine disruptor. In the liver, hexachlorocyclohexane is thought to cause oxidative stress by interfering with hepatic oxidative capacity and glutathione metabolism, increasing lipid metabolism, and inhibiting magnesium ATPase activity. Hexachlorocyclohexane may also inhibit gap junction and intercellular communication, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor promotion. (L108, L109, A60) Hexachlorocyclohexane is absorbed through the skin, lungs, and intestines, then distributed mainly to the adipose tissue but also to the brain, kidney, muscle, and blood. Metabolism occurs via dechlorination, dehydrogenation, dehydrochlorination, and hydroxylation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The main metabolites are polychlorophenols and 1,2,4-trichlorocyclohexane-4,5-epoxide, which are excreted in the urine. (L108) LD50: 1000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T13) Not directly listed by IARC, but related hexachlorocyclohexanes are assigned to Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans (L2152, L2153). Hexachlorocyclohexane is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (L108) Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. Hexachlorocyclohexane is known to damage the liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as cause blood disorders and reproductive and developmental defects. Hexachlorocyclohexane is also potentially carcinogenic. (L108, L109) Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. (L109) Hexachlorocyclohexane poisoning is treated symptomatically. Gastric lavage, followed by the administration of activated charcoal, may be performed upon ingestion. (L148) 2009-03-06T18:57:58Z 2014-12-24T20:20:57Z Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) (L108) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindane C06988 39095 GAMMA-HCH C086916 Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta- 6461 true Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) (L108) [H][C@]1(Cl)[C@]([H])(Cl)[C@@]([H])(Cl)[C@]([H])(Cl)[C@]([H])(Cl)[C@]1([H])Cl C6H6Cl6 InChI=1/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H/t1-,2-,3-,4+,5-,6- InChIKey=JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GPIVLXJGNA-N 290.83 287.860066434 Exogenous Solid CHEMBL1874247 10430682