13 Clofenotane Insecticide. Clofenotane is a major component of commercial DDT (other names *Gespan*, *Gesarol*, *Geverol*, *Chlorophenotane*). Use banned or discouraged in many countries Clofenotane belongs to the family of Diphenylmethanes. These are compounds containing a diphenylmethane moiety, which consists of a methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups[1]. (Reference: [1] Diphenylmethane: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenylmethane). 50-29-3 3036 C14H9Cl5 351.914690 White powder. 108.5 - 109°C 5.5e-06 mg/mL at 25°C Oral (L85) Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (Q9UL51) Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (Q9Y3Q4) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (P05023) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 (P50993) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 (P13637) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 (Q13733) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 (P05026) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 (P14415) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 (P54709) Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain (P54710) Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 (P98194) Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 2 (O75185) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 (P20020) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2(Q01814) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 (Q16720) Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 (P23634) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 O14983) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (P16615) Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (Q93084) Calmodulin (P62158) Estrogen receptor (P03372) Estrogen receptor beta (Q92731) Androgen receptor (P10275) (T10) DDT toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDT reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDT inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. DDT inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDT also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. DDT is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (T10, L85) DDT is absorbed in the stomach and intestine, after which it enters the lymphatic system and is carried throughout the body and incorporated into fatty tissues. Metabolism of DDT occurs mainly via cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver and kidney, where it undergoes reductive dechlorination to DDD (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) and DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene). These compounds are further degraded into additional metabolites, mainly DDA (bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid), which are excreted in the urine. (L85) LD50: 87 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L141) LD50: 1931 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (L141) LD50: 1500 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (L141) DDT is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (L2151) DDT is used as a pesticide and in disease vector control. (L84) Acute Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (L134) Exposure to DDT causes loss of weight and anorexia. DDT poisoning affects CNS function in humans, but pathologic changes are observed in the liver and reproductive organs. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrolobular necrosis after exposure to high concentrations, and an increase in the incidence of hepatic tumors have been noted. (T10) Acute signs of DDT poisoning include paresthesia after oral ingestion. Studies have shown that a mammal poisoned with DDT-type agents displays periodic persistent tremoring and/or convulsive seizures that are suggestive of repetitive discharges in neurons. These repetitive tremors and seizures can be initiated by tactile and auditory stimuli. (T10) Treatment of DDT exposure should be primarily directed towards decontamination and supportive care, as there is no specific antidote. The use of gastric lavage and activated charcoal for large ingestions may be effective. (L140) 2009-03-06T18:57:55Z 2014-12-24T20:20:52Z Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55) (L85) C04623 16130 CPD-1125 D003634 DDT, P,P'- 381 true Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55) (L85) ClC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl C14H9Cl5 InChI=1S/C14H9Cl5/c15-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)13(14(17,18)19)10-3-7-12(16)8-4-10/h1-8,13H InChIKey=YVGGHNCTFXOJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 354.486 351.914688823 Exogenous Solid 6.91 HMDB32127 CHEMBL416898 2928