T3D0004

5 T3D0004

Vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride is a man-made organic compound, formed when other substances such as trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene are broken down. In its monomer form it is acutely hazardous, thus it is primarily used for the production of polymers. At room temperature it is a flammable, colorless gas with a sweet odor, but it is easily condensed and usually stored as a liquid. It is one ingredient of cigarette.(L3) 75-01-4

6338

C2H3Cl

61.992330 Colorless gas, usually stored as a liquid.

-153.7°C

-13.37 °C

0.91 g/ml 8.8 mg/mL at 25 °C [DELASSUS,PT & SCHMIDT,DD (1981)]

0.9121

-78 °C

2600 mmHg at 25 °C

Oral (L3) ; inhalation (L3) ; dermal (L3)

DNA GTPase KRas (P01116) DNA repair protein XRCC1 (P18887) Copper-transporting ATPase 1 (Q04656) Gap junction alpha-4 protein (P35212) G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (P24385) GTPase HRas (P01112) Cellular tumor antigen p53 (P04637) Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, isoforms 1/2/3 (P42771) Interleukin-1 beta (P01584) DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (P27695) Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (P06132) Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (P00492) Ig kappa chain C region (P01834) Ig kappa chain V-I region Lay (P01605) Ig kappa chain V-I region Roy (P01608) Ig heavy chain V-I region WOL (P01760) Ig heavy chain V-I region SIE (P01761) Ig heavy chain V-III region POM (P01774) Ig heavy chain V-III region LAY (P01775) Ig kappa chain V-III region SIE (P01620) Ig kappa chain V-III region WOL (P01623) Ig kappa chain V-III region POM (P01624) (L3)

Vinyl chloride poisoning exhibits many of the characteristics of autoimmune diseases. This is believed to be the result of a reactive vinyl chloride intermediate metabolite binding to an immunoglobulin, altering the protein and initiating an immune response. The metabolites of vinyl chloride, especially choloroethylene oxide, are mutagenic and act by covalently binding to DNA. This produces cyclic etheno-adducts, which cause base-pair transitions during transcription and DNA crosslinks. Metabolites also may cause oxidative stress and affecting tumor supressor genes, as vinyl chloride has been known to produce specific mutations in the p53 and Ki-ras genes. Vinyl chloride metabolites are also believed to exert toxic effects in the liver by covalently binding to liver proteins, resulting in cellular toxicity. (L3, A65)

Vinyl chloride absorbed primarily via inhalation or ingestion is rapidly distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized mainly in the liver by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, first into chloroethylene oxide, then into chloroacetaldehyde, which are the main toxic metabolites. Chloroacetaldehyde is further converted into chloroethanol and monochloroacetic acid. Detoxification occurs in conjunction with glutathione, producing mainly thiodiglycolic acid, which is excreted in the urine. At high doses vinyl chloride may also be excreted by exhalation. (L3, T5) LD50: 500 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T15) 120 000 ppm for an adult human. (T16) 1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Vinyl chloride is used primarily to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is used in a variety of plastic products, such as pipes, wire and cable coatings, and packaging materials. Small amounts of vinyl chloride is sometimes used in furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automotive parts. (L3)

Acute Inhalation: 0.5 ppm (L134) Intermediate Inhalation: 0.03 ppm (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (L134)

Exposure to vinyl chloride results in liver damage, nerve damage, and immune reactions, as well as depression of the central nervous system and cardiac arrhythmias. Long term exposure may result in damage to the sperm and testes of males. Vinyl chloride is also a known carcinogen. (L3)

Symptoms of acute vinyl chloride exposure include headache, nausea, dizziness, and drowsiness, possibly resulting in loss of conciousness, coma or cardiac arrhythmias at higher levels. Chronic exposure can lead to lung and kidney irritation, inhibition of bloodclotting, numbness and pain in the fingers, memory loss, and sleep disurbances. (L3) Vinyl chloride has no tested antidote. Poisoning is usually handled by preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptoms. (L3)

2009-03-06T18:57:54Z

2014-12-24T20:20:50Z

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) (L3)

C06793

28509

11-DCE

D014752

Vinyl chloride

1466

true

ClC=C

C2H3Cl

InChI=1S/C2H3Cl/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2

InChIKey=BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

62.498

61.992327803

Exogenous Gas