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Showing toxin card for Disulfiram (T3D2557)

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Version 1.0
Creation Date 2009-07-05 02:56:35
Update Date 2010-03-18 21:56:47
Accession Number T3D2557
Name Disulfiram
Compound Type
  • Alcohol Deterrent
  • Drug
  • Enzyme Inhibitor
Description A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Disulfuram
  2. Disulphuram
  3. Dupon 4472
  4. Dupont Fungicide 4472
  5. TATD
  6. TETD
  7. Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide
  8. Tetraethylthiram Disulfide
  9. Tetraethylthiram Disulphide
  10. Tetraethylthiuram
  11. Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide
  12. Tetraethylthiuram Disulphide
  13. Tetraethylthiuram Sulfide
  14. Tetraethylthiuran Disulfide
  15. TTD
Chemical IUPAC Name N,N-diethyl[(diethylcarbamothioyl)disulfanyl]carbothioamide
Chemical Formula C10H20N2S4
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 97-77-8
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/C10H20N2S4/c1-5-11(6-2)9(13)15-16-10(14)12(7-3)8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3
InChI Key InChIKey=AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem Compound ID 3117 Link Image
KEGG ID C01692 Link Image
UniProt ID Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
ChEBI ID 4659 Link Image
BioCyc ID DISULFIRAM Link Image
SuperToxic ID Not Available
CTD ID D004221 Link Image
Stitch ID Disulfiram Link Image
DrugBank ID DB00822 Link Image
PDB ID Not Available
ACToR ID 1353
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfiram Link Image
Monoisotopic Mass 296.050931
MOL File Show
PDB File Show
SDF File Show
SMILES CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC
Appearance Not Available
Melting Point 71.5 oC
Solubility 4.09 mg/L
Predicted LogP 4.1598
Route of Exposure Inhalation (MSDS, S405); ingestion (MSDS, S405); dermal (MSDS, S405) ; eye contact (MSDS, S405)
Mechanism of Action Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood producing highly unpleasant symptoms. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol through its irreversible inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which acts in the second step of ethanol utilization. In addition, disulfiram competitively binds and inhibits the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, which may indicate some value in the treatment of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, however this activity has not been extensively studied.
Metabolism Disulfiram is completely absorbed from the human GI tract. However, a period of 12 hr is required for its full action, perhaps because, being highly sol in lipid, it is initially localized in fat. It is slowly metabolized in the liver to diethyldithiocarbamate, diethylamine, and carbon disulfide. Six hr after oral administration of the drug, one third of plasma disulfiram is in the form of diethyldithiocarbamate. Elimination is relatively slow, and about 1/5 still remains in body at end of a week. The greater part of the absorbed drug is excreted in the urine as the sulfate, partly free and partly esterified (S499, S563).
Toxicity Values LD50: 8.6g/kg (oral, rat).
Lethal Dose Not Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)
Uses/Sources For the treatment and management of chronic alcoholism (S405).
Minimum Risk Level Not Available
Health Effects Occasionally implicated in producing psychosis, optic neuritis, and encephalopathy. Hematologic, neuromuscular, and gastrointestinal toxicity and hepatotoxicity may occur 10 days to 12 months after therapy is begun (R383).
Symptoms Symptoms of overdose include irritation, slight drowsiness, unpleasant taste, mild GI disturbances, and orthostatic hypotension.
Treatment Not Available
General References
  • U443 - Bouma MJ, Snowdon D, Fairlamb AH, Ackers JP: Activity of disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide) and ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate) against metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998 Dec;42(6):817-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  • R264 - International Agency for Research on Cancer (2009). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
  • R383 - Rumack BH (2009). POISINDEX(R) Information System. Englewood, CO: Micromedex, Inc. CCIS Volume 141, edition expires Aug, 2009.
  • S499 - McEvoy GK (ed) (2005). American Hospital Formulary Service - Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc.
  • S563 - Clayton GD and Clayton FE (eds) (1981-1982). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons.
  • U442 - Nash T, Rice WG: Efficacies of zinc-finger-active drugs against Giardia lamblia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jun;42(6):1488-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  • S405 - DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Cheng D, Shrivastava S, Tzur D, Gautam B, Hassanali M. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  • U441 - Drugs.com
Targets
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3
  2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 16 member A1
  3. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1
  4. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2
  5. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 8 member A1
  6. Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial
  7. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
  8. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
  9. Translocator protein
Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 328
Target 1 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3
Target 1 Mechanism of Action Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to the harmless acetic acid. Disulfiram blocks this reaction at the intermediate stage by blocking the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. (S410)
Target 1 Description Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Seems to be the key enzyme in the formation of an RA gradient along the dorso-ventral axis during the early eye development and also in the development of the olfactory system (By similarity)
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6; Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3; RALDH-3
Target 1 Gene Name ALDH1A3
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3 
MATANGAVENGQPDRKPPALPRPIRNLEVKFTKIFINNEWHESKSGKKFATCNPSTREQI
CEVEEGDKPDVDKAVEAAQVAFQRGSPWRRLDALSRGRLLHQLADLVERDRATLAALETM
DTGKPFLHAFFIDLEGCIRTLRYFAGWADKIQGKTIPTDDNVVCFTRHEPIGVCGAITPW
NFPLLMLVWKLAPALCCGNTMVLKPAEQTPLTALYLGSLIKEAGFPPGVVNIVPGFGPTV
GAAISSHPQINKIAFTGSTEVGKLVKEAASRSNLKRVTLELGGKNPCIVCADADLDLAVE
CAHQGVFFNQGQCCTAASRVFVEEQVYSEFVRRSVEYAKKRPVGDPFDVKTEQGPQIDQK
QFDKILELIESGKKEGAKLECGGSAMEDKGLFIKPTVFSEVTDNMRIAKEEIFGPVQPIL
KFKSIEEVIKRANSTDYGLTAAVFTKNLDKALKLASALESGTVWINCYNALYAQAPFGGF
KMSGNGRELGEYALAEYTEVKTVTIKLGDKNP
Target 1 Number of Residues 512
Target 1 Molecular Weight 56108.0
Target 1 Theoretical pI 7.29
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 1 Pathways Cofactor metabolism; retinol metabolism
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 1 Domain Function PF00171:Aldedh
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 1 UniProtKB ID P47895 Link Image
Target 1 Cellular Location Cytoplasm (By similarity)
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1539 bp 
ATGGCCACCGCTAACGGGGCCGTGGAAAACGGGCAGCCGGACGGGAAGCCGCCGGCCCTG
CCGCGCCCCATCCGCAACCTGGAGGTCAAGTTCACCAAGATATTTATCAACAATGAATGG
CACGAATCCAAGAGTGGGAAAAAGTTTGCTACATGTAACCCTTCAACTCGGGAGCAAATA
TGTGAAGTGGAAGAAGGAGATAAGCCCGACGTGGACAAGGCTGTGGAGGCTGCACAGGTT
GCCTTCCAGAGGGGCTCGCCATGGCGCCGGCTGGATGCCCTGAGTCGTGGGCGGCTGCTG
CACCAGCTGGCTGACCTGGTGGAGAGGGACCGCGCCACCTTGGCCGCCCTGGAGACGATG
GATACAGGGAAGCCATTTCTTCATGCTTTTTTCATCGACCTGGAGGGCTGTATTAGAACC
CTCAGATACTTTGCAGGGTGGGCAGACAAAATCCAGGGCAAGACCATCCCCACAGATGAC
AACGTCGTATGCTTCACCAGGCATGAGCCCATTGGTGTCTGTGGGGCCATCACTCCATGG
AACTTCCCCCTGCTGATGCTGGTGTGGAAGCTGGCACCCGCCCTCTGCTGTGGGAACACC
ATGGTCCTGAAGCCTGCGGAGCAGACACCTCTCACCGCCCTTTATCTCGGCTCTCTGATC
AAAGAGGCCGGGTTCCCTCCAGGAGTGGTGAACATTGTGCCAGGATTCGGGCCCACAGTG
GGAGCAGCAATTTCTTCTCACCCTCAGATCAACAAGATCGCCTTCACCGGCTCCACAGAG
GTTGGAAAACTGGTTAAAGAAGCTGCGTCCCGGAGCAATCTGAAGCGGGTGACGCTGGAG
CTGGGGGGGAAGAACCCCTGCATCGTGTGTGCGGACGCTGACTTGGACTTGGCAGTGGAG
TGTGCCCATCAGGGAGTGTTCTTCAACCAAGGCCAGTGTTGCACGGCAGCCTCCAGGGTG
TTCGTGGAGGAGCAGGTCTACTCTGAGTTTGTCAGGCGGAGCGTGGAGTATGCCAAGAAA
CGGCCCGTGGGAGACCCCTTCGATGTCAAAACAGAACAGGGGCCTCAGATTGATCAAAAG
CAGTTCGACAAAATCTTAGAGCTGATCGAGAGTGGGAAGAAGGAAGGGGCCAAGCTGGAA
TGCGGGGGCTCAGCCATGGAAGACAAGGGGCTCTTCATCAAACCCACTGTCTTCTCAGAA
GTCACAGACAACATGCGGATTGCCAAAGAGGAGATTTTCGGGCCAGTGCAACCAATACTG
AAGTTCAAAAGTATCGAAGAAGTGATAAAAAGAGCGAATAGCACCGACTATGGACTCACA
GCAGCCGTGTTCACAAAAAATCTCGACAAAGCCCTGAAGTTGGCTTCTGCCTTAGAGTCT
GGAACGGTCTGGATCAACTGCTACAACGCCCTCTATGCACAGGCTCCATTTGGTGGCTTT
AAAATGTCAGGAAATGGCAGAGAACTAGGTGAATACGCTTTGGCCGAATACACAGAAGTG
AAAACTGTCACCATCAAACTTGGCGACAAGAACCCCTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 1 GeneCard ID ALDH1A3 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID ALDH1A3 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:409 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location Chromosome:15
Target 1 Locus 15q26.3
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 Toxin References
  • S410 - Wikipedia. Disulfiram. Last Updated 14 June 2009.
Target 1 General References 7698756; 15489334
Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 337
Target 2 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 16 member A1
Target 2 Mechanism of Action Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to the harmless acetic acid. Disulfiram blocks this reaction at the intermediate stage by blocking the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. (S410)
Target 2 Description Not Available
Target 2 Synonyms Not Available
Target 2 Gene Name ALDH16A1
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 16 member A1 
MAATRAGPRAREIFTSLEYGPVPESHACALAWLDTQDRCLGHYVNGKWLKPEHRNSVPCQ
DPITGENLASCLQAQAEDVAAAVEAARMAFKGWSAHPGVVRAQHLTRLAEVIQKHQRLLW
TLESLVTGRAVREVRDGDVQLAQQLLHYHAIQASTQEEALAGWEPMGVIGLILPPTFSFL
EMMWRICPALAVGCTVVALVPPASPAPLLLAQLAGELGPFPGILNVVSGPASLVPILASQ
PGIRKVAFCGAPEEGRALRRSLAGECAELGLALGTESLLLLTDTADVDSAVEGVVDAAWS
DRGPGGLRLLIQESVWDEAMRRLQERMGRLRSGRGLDGAVDMGARGAAACDLVQRFVREA
QSQGAQVFQAGDVPSERPFYPPTLVSNLPPASPCAQVEVPWPVVVASPFRTAKEALLVAN
GTPRGGSASVWSERLGQALELGYGLQVGTVWINAHGLRDPSVPTGGCKESGCSWHGGPDG
LYEYLRPSGTPARLSCLSKNLNYDTFGLAVPSTLPAGPEIGPSPAPPYGLFVGGRFQAPG
ARSSRPIRDSSGNLHGYVAEGGAKDIRGAVEAAHQAFPGWAGQSPGARAALLWALAAALE
RRKSTLASRLERQGAELKAAEAEVELSARRLRAWGARVQAQGHTLQVAGLRGPVLRLREP
LGVLAVVCPDEWPLLAFVSLLAPALAYGNTVVMVPSAACPLLALEVCQDMATVFPAGLAN
VVTGDRDHLTRCLALHQDVQAMWYFGSAQGSQFVEWASAGNLKPVWASRGCPRAWDQEAE
GAGPELGLRVARTKALWLPMGD
Target 2 Number of Residues 802
Target 2 Molecular Weight 85112.6
Target 2 Theoretical pI 6.77
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 2 Domain Function PF00171:Aldedh
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 2 UniProtKB ID Q8IZ83 Link Image
Target 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Target 2 Gene Sequence >2409 bp 
ATGGCTGCGACGCGTGCAGGGCCCCGCGCCCGCGAGATCTTCACCTCGCTGGAGTACGGA
CCGGTGCCGGAGAGCCACGCATGCGCACTGGCCTGGCTGGACACCCAGGACCGGTGCTTG
GGCCACTATGTGAATGGGAAGTGGTTAAAGCCTGAACACAGAAATTCAGTGCCTTGCCAG
GATCCCATCACAGGAGAGAACTTGGCCAGTTGCCTGCAGGCACAGGCCGAGGATGTGGCT
GCAGCCGTGGAGGCAGCCAGGATGGCATTTAAGGGCTGGAGTGCGCACCCCGGCGTCGTC
CGGGCCCAGCACCTGACCAGGCTGGCCGAGGTGATCCAGAAGCACCAGCGGCTGCTGTGG
ACCCTGGAATCCCTGGTGACTGGGCGGGCTGTTCGAGAGGTTCGAGACGGGGACGTCCAG
CTGGCCCAGCAGCTGCTCCACTACCATGCAATCCAGGCATCCACCCAGGAGGAGGCACTG
GCAGGCTGGGAGCCCATGGGAGTAATTGGCCTCATCCTGCCACCCACATTCTCCTTCCTT
GAGATGATGTGGAGGATTTGCCCTGCCCTGGCTGTGGGCTGCACCGTGGTGGCCCTCGTG
CCCCCGGCCTCCCCGGCGCCCCTCCTCCTGGCCCAGCTGGCGGGGGAGCTGGGCCCCTTC
CCGGGAATCCTGAATGTCGTCAGTGGCCCTGCGTCCCTGGTGCCCATCCTGGCCTCCCAG
CCTGGAATCCGGAAGGTGGCCTTCTGCGGAGCCCCGGAGGAAGGGCGTGCCCTTCGACGG
AGCCTGGCGGGTGAGTGTGCGGAGCTGGGCCTGGCGCTGGGGACGGAGTCGCTGCTGCTG
CTGACGGACACGGCGGACGTAGACTCGGCCGTGGAGGGTGTCGTGGACGCCGCCTGGTCC
GACCGCGGCCCGGGTGGCCTCAGGCTCCTCATCCAGGAGTCTGTGTGGGATGAAGCCATG
AGACGGCTGCAGGAGCGGATGGGGCGGCTTCGGAGTGGCCGAGGGCTGGATGGGGCCGTG
GACATGGGGGCCCGGGGGGCTGCCGCATGTGACCTGGTCCAGCGCTTTGTGCGTGAGGCC
CAGAGCCAGGGTGCACAGGTGTTCCAGGCTGGTGATGTGCCTTCGGAACGCCCATTCTAT
CCCCCAACCTTGGTCTCCAACCTGCCCCCAGCCTCCCCATGTGCCCAGGTGGAGGTGCCG
TGGCCTGTGGTCGTGGCCTCCCCCTTCCGCACAGCCAAGGAGGCACTGTTGGTGGCCAAC
GGGACGCCCCGCGGGGGCAGCGCCAGTGTGTGGAGCGAGAGGCTGGGGCAGGCGCTGGAG
CTGGGCTATGGGCTCCAAGTGGGCACTGTCTGGATCAACGCCCACGGCCTCAGAGACCCT
TCGGTGCCCACAGGCGGCTGCAAGGAGAGTGGGTGTTCCTGGCACGGGGGCCCAGACGGG
CTGTATGAGTATCTGCGGCCCTCAGGGACCCCTGCCCGGCTGTCCTGCCTCTCCAAGAAC
CTGAACTATGACACCTTTGGCCTCGCTGTTCCCTCAACCCTGCCGGCTGGGCCTGAAATA
GGGCCCAGCCCAGCACCCCCCTATGGGCTCTTCGTTGGGGGCCGTTTCCAGGCTCCTGGG
GCCCGAAGCTCCAGGCCCATCCGGGATTCGTCTGGCAACCTCCATGGCTACGTGGCTGAG
GGTGGAGCCAAGGACATCCGAGGTGCTGTGGAGGCCGCTCACCAGGCTTTCCCTGGCTGG
GCGGGCCAGTCCCCAGGAGCCCGGGCAGCCCTGCTGTGGGCCCTGGCGGCTGCACTGGAG
CGCCGGAAGTCTACCCTGGCCTCGAGGCTGGAGAGGCAGGGAGCGGAGCTCAAGGCTGCG
GAGGCGGAGGTGGAGCTGAGCGCAAGACGACTTCGGGCGTGGGGGGCCCGGGTGCAGGCC
CAAGGCCACACCCTGCAGGTAGCCGGGCTGAGAGGCCCTGTGCTGCGCCTGCGGGAGCCG
CTGGGTGTGCTGGCTGTGGTGTGTCCGGACGAGTGGCCCCTGCTTGCCTTCGTGTCCCTG
CTGGCTCCCGCCCTGGCCTACGGCAACACTGTGGTCATGGTGCCCAGTGCGGCCTGTCCT
CTGCTGGCCCTGGAGGTCTGCCAGGACATGGCCACCGTGTTCCCAGCAGGCCTGGCCAAC
GTGGTGACAGGAGACCGGGACCATCTGACCCGCTGCCTGGCCTTGCACCAAGACGTCCAG
GCCATGTGGTATTTCGGATCAGCCCAGGGTTCCCAGTTTGTCGAGTGGGCCTCGGCAGGA
AACCTCAAACCGGTGTGGGCGAGCAGGGGCTGCCCGCGGGCCTGGGACCAGGAGGCCGAG
GGGGCAGGCCCAGAGCTGGGGCTGCGAGTGGCGCGGACCAAGGCCCTGTGGCTGCCTATG
GGGGACTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 2 GeneCard ID ALDH16A1 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID ALDH16A1 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:28114 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location Chromosome:19
Target 2 Locus 19q13.33
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 Toxin References
  • S410 - Wikipedia. Disulfiram. Last Updated 14 June 2009.
Target 2 General References 15489334
Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 327
Target 3 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1
Target 3 Mechanism of Action Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to the harmless acetic acid. Disulfiram blocks this reaction at the intermediate stage by blocking the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. (S410)
Target 3 Description An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NAD(P)H
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 7
Target 3 Gene Name ALDH3B1
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1 
MDPLGDTLRRLREAFHAGRTRPAEFRAAQLQGLGRFLQENKQLLHDALAQDLHKSAFESE
VSEVAISQGEVTLALRNLRAWMKDERVPKNLATQLDSAFIRKEPFGLVLIIAPWNYPLNL
TLVPLVGALAAGNCVVLKPSEISKNVEKILAEVLPQYVDQSCFAVVLGGPQETGQLLEHR
FDYIFFTGSPRVGKIVMTAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKNPCYVDDNCDPQTVANRVAWFRYFNA
GQTCVAPDYVLCSPEMQERLLPALQSTITRFYGDDPQSSPNLGRIINQKQFQRLRALLGC
GRVAIGGQSDESDRYIAPTVLVDVQEMEPVMQEEIFGPILPIVNVQSLDEAIEFINRREK
PLALYAFSNSSQVVKRVLTQTSSGGFCGNDGFMHMTLASLPFGGVGASGMGRYHGKFSFD
TFSHHRACLLRSPGMEKLNALRYPPQSPRRLRMLLVAMEAQGCSCTLL
Target 3 Number of Residues 468
Target 3 Molecular Weight 51839.2
Target 3 Theoretical pI 7.67
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 3 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 3 Pathways Alcohol metabolism; ethanol degradation; acetate from ethanol:step 2/2
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 3 Domain Function PF00171:Aldedh
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 3 UniProtKB ID P43353 Link Image
Target 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1407 bp 
ATGGACCCCCTTGGGGACACGCTGCGGCGACTGCGGGAGGCCTTCCACGCGGGGCGCACG
CGGCCAGCTGAGTTCCGGGCTGCGCAGCTCCAAGGCCTGGGCCGCTTCCTGCAAGAAAAC
AAGCAGCTTCTGCACGACGCACTGGCCCAGGACCTGCACAAGTCAGCCTTCGAGTCGGAG
GTGTCTGAGGTTGCCATCAGCCAGGGCGAGGTCACCCTGGCCCTCAGGAACCTCCGGGCC
TGGATGAAGGACGAGCGTGTGCCCAAGAACCTGGCCACGCAGCTGGACTCCGCCTTCATC
CGGAAGGAGCCCTTTGGCCTGGTCCTCATCATTGCGCCCTGGAACTATCCGCTGAACCTG
ACGCTGGTGCCCCTCGTGGGAGCCCTCGCTGCAGGGAACTGTGTGGTGCTGAAGCCATCG
GAGATTAGCAAGAACGTCGAGAAGATCCTGGCCGAGGTGCTGCCCCAATACGTGGACCAG
AGCTGCTTTGCTGTGGTGCTGGGCGGGCCCCAGGAGACGGGGCAGCTGCTAGAGCACAGG
TTCGACTACATCTTCTTCACAGGGAGCCCTCGTGTGGGCAAGATTGTTATGACTGCTGCC
GCCAAGCACCTGACACCTGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAACCCTTGCTACGTGGAC
GACAACTGCGACCCCCAGACCGTGGCCAACCGCGTGGCCTGGTTCCGCTACTTCAACGCC
GGCCAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCCGACTACGTCCTATGCAGCCCTGAGATGCAGGAGAGGCTG
CTGCCTGCCCTGCAGAGCACCATCACCCGTTTCTATGGCGACGACCCCCAGAGCTCCCCA
AACCTGGGCCGCATCATCAACCAGAAACAGTTCCAGCGGCTGCGGGCATTGCTGGGCTGC
GGCCGTGTGGCCATTGGGGGCCAGAGCGATGAGAGCGATCGCTACATCGCCCCCACGGTG
CTGGTGGATGTGCAGGAGATGGAGCCTGTGATGCAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCCATCCTG
CCCATCGTGAACGTGCAGAGCTTGGACGAGGCCATCGAGTTCATCAACCGGCGGGAGAAG
CCCCTGGCCCTGTACGCCTTCTCCAACAGCAGCCAGGTGGTCAAGCGGGTGCTGACCCAG
ACCAGCAGCGGGGGCTTCTGTGGGAACGACGGCTTCATGCACATGACCCTGGCCAGCCTG
CCTTTTGGAGGAGTGGGTGCCAGTGGGATGGGCCGGTACCATGGCAAGTTCTCCTTCGAC
ACCTTCTCCCACCATCGCGCCTGCCTCCTGCGCAGCCCGGGGATGGAGAAGCTCAACGCC
CTCCGCTACCCGCCGCAATCGCCGCGCCGCCTGAGGATGCTGCTGGTGGCCATGGAGGCC
CAAGGCTGCAGCTGCACACTGCTCTGA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 3 GeneCard ID ALDH3B1 Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID ALDH3B1 Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:410 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location Chromosome:11
Target 3 Locus 11q13
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 Toxin References
  • S410 - Wikipedia. Disulfiram. Last Updated 14 June 2009.
Target 3 General References 7828891; 15489334; 18187866
Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 323
Target 4 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2
Target 4 Mechanism of Action Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to the harmless acetic acid. Disulfiram blocks this reaction at the intermediate stage by blocking the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. (S410)
Target 4 Description An aldehyde + NAD(P)(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NAD(P)H
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 8
Target 4 Gene Name ALDH3B2
Target 4 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2 
MKDEPRSTNLFMKLDSVFIWKEPFGLVLIIAPWNYPLNLTLVLLVGALAAGNCVVLKPSE
ISQGTEKVLAEVLPQYLDQSCFAVVLGGPQETGQLLEHKLDYIFFTGSPRVGKIVMTAAT
KHLTPVTLELGGKNPCYVDDNCDPQTVANRVAWFCYFNAGQTCVAPDYVLCSPEMQERLL
PALQSTITRFYGDDPQSSPNLGRIINQKQFQRLRALLGCGRVAIGGQSNESDRYIAPTVL
VDVQETEPVMQEEIFGPILPIVNVQSVDEAIKFINRQEKPLALYAFSNSSQVVNQMLERT
SSGSFGGNEGFTYISLLSVPFGGVGHSGMGRYHGKFTFDTFSHHRTCLLAPSGLEKLKEI
RYPPYTDWNQQLLRWGMGSQSCTLL
Target 4 Number of Residues 385
Target 4 Molecular Weight 42669.7
Target 4 Theoretical pI 5.97
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 4 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 4 Pathways Alcohol metabolism; ethanol degradation; acetate from ethanol:step 2/2
Target 4 Reactions Not Available
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 4 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 4 Domain Function PF00171:Aldedh
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 4 UniProtKB ID P48448 Link Image
Target 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Target 4 Gene Sequence >1158 bp 
ATGAAGGATGAACCACGGTCCACGAACCTGTTCATGAAGCTGGACTCGGTCTTCATCTGG
AAGGAACCCTTTGGCCTGGTCCTCATCATCGCACCCTGGAACTACCCATTGAACCTGACC
CTGGTGCTCCTGGTGGGCACCCTCCCCGCAGGGAATTGCGTGGTGCTGAAGCCGTCAGAA
ATCAGCCAGGGCACAGAGAAGGTCCTGGCTGAGGTGCTGCCCCAGTACCTGGACCAGAGC
TGCTTTGCCGTGGTGCTGGGCGGACCCCAGGAGACAGGGCAGCTGCTAGAGCACAAGTTG
GACTACATCTTCTTCACAGGGAGCCCTCGTGTGGGCAAGATTGTCATGACTGCTGCCACC
AAGCACCTGACGCCTGTCACCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAACCCCTGCTACGTGGACGAC
AACTGCGACCCCCAGACCGTGGCCAACCGCGTGGCCTGGTTCTGCTACTTCAATGCCGGC
CAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCTGACTACGTCCTGTGCAGCCCCGAGATGCAGGAGAGGCTGCTG
CCCGCCCTGCAGAGCACCATCACCCGTTTCTATGGCGACGACCCCCAGAGCTCCCCAAAC
CTGGGCCGCATCATCAACCAGAAACAGTTCCAGCGGCTGCGGGCATTGCTGGGCTGCGGC
CGCGTGGCCATTGGGGGCCAGAGCAACGAGAGCGATCGCTACATCGCCCCCACGGTGCTG
GTGGACGTGCAGGAGACGGAGCCTGTGATGCAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCCATCCTGCCC
ATCGTGAACGTGCAGAGCGTGGACGAGGCCATCAAGTTCATCAACCGGCAGGAGAAGCCC
CTGGCCCTGTACGCCTTCTCCAACAGCAGACAGGTTGTGAACCAGATGCTGGAGCGGACC
AGCAGCGGCAGCTTTGGAGGCAATGAGGGCTTCACCTACATATCTCTGCTGTCCGTGCCA
TTCGGGGGAGTCGGCCACAGTGGGATGGGCCGGTACCACGGCAAGTTCACCTTCGACACC
TTCTCCCACCACCGCACCTGCCTGCTCGCCCCCTCCGGCCTGGAGAAATTAAAGGAGATC
CGCTACCCACCCTATACCGACTGGAACCAGCAGCTGTTACGCTGGGGCATGGGCTCCCAG
AGCTGCACCCTCCTGTGA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 4 GeneCard ID ALDH3B2 Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID ALDH3B2 Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:411 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location Chromosome:11
Target 4 Locus 11q13
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 Toxin References
  • S410 - Wikipedia. Disulfiram. Last Updated 14 June 2009.
Target 4 General References 7484374; 8890755; 14702039; 16554811; 15489334
Target 5 [top]
Target 5 ID 326
Target 5 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 8 member A1
Target 5 Mechanism of Action Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to the harmless acetic acid. Disulfiram blocks this reaction at the intermediate stage by blocking the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. (S410)
Target 5 Description Converts 9-cis-retinal to 9-cis-retinoic acid. Has lower activity towards 13-cis-retinal. Has much lower activity towards all-trans-retinal. Has highest activity with benzaldehyde and decanal (in vitro). Has a preference for NAD, but shows considerable activity with NADP (in vitro)
Target 5 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 12
Target 5 Gene Name ALDH8A1
Target 5 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 8 member A1 
MAGTNALLMLENFIDGKFLPCSSYIDSYDPSTGEVYCRVPNSGKDEIEAAVKAAREAFPS
WSSRSPQERSRVLNQVADLLEQSLEEFAQAESKDQGKTLALARTMDIPRSVQNFRFFASS
SLHHTSECTQMDHLGCMHYTVRAPVGVAGLISPWNLPLYLLTWKIAPAMAAGNTVIAKPS
ELTSVTAWMLCKLLDKAGVPPGVVNIVFGTGPRVGEALVSHPEVPLISFTGSQPTAERIT
QLSAPHCKKLSLELGGKNPAIIFEDANLDECIPATVRSSFANQGEICLCTSRIFVQKSIY
SEFLKRFVEATRKWKVGIPSDPLVSIGALISKAHLEKVRSYVKRALAEGAQIWCGEGVDK
LSLPARNQAGYFMLPTVITDIKDESCCMTEEIFGPVTCVVPFDSEEEVIERANNVKYGLA
ATVWSSNVGRVHRVAKKLQSGLVWTNCWLIRELNLPFGGMKSSGIGREGAKDSYDFFTEI
KTITVKH
Target 5 Number of Residues 487
Target 5 Molecular Weight 53400.9
Target 5 Theoretical pI 7.16
Target 5 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 5 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 5 Pathways Not Available
Target 5 Reactions Not Available
Target 5 Signals
  • None
Target 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 5 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 5 Domain Function PF00171:Aldedh
Target 5 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 5 UniProtKB ID Q9H2A2 Link Image
Target 5 Cellular Location Cytoplasm (By similarity)
Target 5 Gene Sequence >1464 bp 
ATGGCTGGAACAAACGCACTTTTGATGCTGGAAAACTTCATAGATGGAAAATTTTTACCT
TGTAGCTCATATATAGATTCTTACGACCCATCAACAGGGGAAGTGTATTGCAGAGTGCCA
AATAGTGGAAAAGACGAGATCGAAGCCGCGGTCAAGGCCGCCAGAGAAGCCTTTCCCAGC
TGGTCATCCCGCAGCCCCCAGGAGCGCTCACGGGTCCTGAACCAGGTGGCGGATTTGCTG
GAGCAGTCCCTGGAGGAGTTTGCCCAGGCCGAGTCTAAAGACCAAGGGAAAACCTTAGCA
CTGGCAAGAACCATGGACATTCCCCGGTCTGTGCAGAACTTCAGGTTCTTCGCTTCCTCC
AGCCTGCACCACACGTCAGAGTGCACGCAGATGGACCACCTGGGCTGCATGCACTACACG
GTGCGGGCCCCGGTGGGAGTCGCTGGTCTGATCAGCCCCTGGAATTTGCCACTCTACTTG
CTGACCTGGAAGATAGCTCCAGCGATGGCTGCAGGGAACACTGTGATAGCCAAGCCCAGT
GAGCTGACTTCAGTGACTGCGTGGATGTTGTGCAAACTCCTGGATAAAGCAGGTGTTCCA
CCAGGTGTGGTCAATATTGTGTTTGGAACCGGGCCCAGGGTGGGTGAGGCCCTGGTGTCC
CACCCAGAGGTGCCCCTGATCTCCTTCACCGGGAGCCAGCCCACCGCTGAGCGGATCACC
CAGCTGAGCGCTCCCCACTGCAAAAAGCTCTCCCTGGAGCTGGGGGGCAAGAATCCTGCC
ATCATCTTTGAGGACGCCAACCTGGATGAGTGCATTCCGGCAACCGTCAGGTCCAGCTTT
GCCAACCAGGGTGAAATCTGTCTCTGTACCAGCAGGATCTTTGTCCAGAAGAGCATCTAT
AGTGAATTTTTAAAGAGATTTGTAGAAGCTACCAGAAAGTGGAAAGTCGGCATTCCCTCT
GATCCACTGGTGAGCATAGGTGCTCTGATAAGTAAAGCACATTTGGAGAAAGTCAGAAGT
TACGTCAAGAGAGCTCTTGCTGAAGGTGCCCAAATTTGGTGCGGTGAGGGAGTGGATAAG
TTGAGCCTCCCTGCCAGGAACCAGGCAGGCTACTTTATGCTTCCCACGGTGATAACAGAC
ATTAAGGATGAATCCTGCTGCATGACGGAAGAGATATTTGGTCCAGTGACGTGTGTCGTC
CCCTTTGATAGTGAAGAGGAGGTGATTGAAAGAGCCAACAACGTTAAGTATGGGCTGGCG
GCTACCGTGTGGTCCAGCAATGTGGGGCGCGTCCACCGGGTGGCTAAGAAGCTGCAGTCT
GGCTTGGTCTGGACCAACTGCTGGCTCATCAGGGAGCTGAACCTTCCTTTCGGGGGGATG
AAGAGTTCTGGAATAGGTAGAGAGGGAGCCAAGGACTCTTACGACTTCTTCACTGAGATC
AAAACCATCACCGTTAAACACTGA
Target 5 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 5 GeneCard ID ALDH8A1 Link Image
Target 5 GenAtlas ID ALDH8A1 Link Image
Target 5 HGNC ID HGNC:15471 Link Image
Target 5 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 5 Locus 6q23.2
Target 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 5 Toxin References
  • S410 - Wikipedia. Disulfiram. Last Updated 14 June 2009.
Target 5 General References 11007799; 14702039; 14574404; 15489334
Target 6 [top]
Target 6 ID 324
Target 6 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial
Target 6 Mechanism of Action Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to the harmless acetic acid. Disulfiram blocks this reaction at the intermediate stage by blocking the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. (S410)
Target 6 Description ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation
Target 6 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member B1; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5
Target 6 Gene Name ALDH1B1
Target 6 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial 
MLRFLAPRLLSLQGRTARYSSAAALPSPILNPDIPYNQLFINNEWQDAVSKKTFPTVNPT
TGEVIGHVAEGDRADVDRAVKAAREAFRLGSPWRRMDASERGRLLNLLADLVERDRVYLA
SLETLDNGKPFQESYALDLDEVIKVYRYFAGWADKWHGKTIPMDGQHFCFTRHEPVGVCG
QIIPWNFPLVMQGWKLAPALATGNTVVMKVAEQTPLSALYLASLIKEAGFPPGVVNIITG
YGPTAGAAIAQHMDVDKVAFTGSTEVGHLIQKAAGDSNLKRVTLELGGKSPSIVLADADM
EHAVEQCHEALFFNMGQCCCAGSRTFVEESIYNEFLERTVEKAKQRKVGNPFELDTQQGP
QVDKEQFERVLGYIQLGQKEGAKLLCGGERFGERGFFIKPTVFGGVQDDMRIAKEEIFGP
VQPLFKFKKIEEVVERANNTRYGLAAAVFTRDLDKAMYFTQALQAGTVWVNTYNIVTCHT
PFGGFKESGNGRELGEDGLKAYTEVKTVTIKVPQKNS
Target 6 Number of Residues 517
Target 6 Molecular Weight 57238.0
Target 6 Theoretical pI 6.79
Target 6 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 6 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 6 Pathways Alcohol metabolism; ethanol degradation; acetate from ethanol:step 2/2
Target 6 Reactions Not Available
Target 6 Signals
  • None
Target 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 6 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 6 Domain Function PF00171:Aldedh
Target 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 6 UniProtKB ID P30837 Link Image
Target 6 Cellular Location Mitochondrion matrix
Target 6 Gene Sequence Not Available
Target 6 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 6 GeneCard ID ALDH1B1 Link Image
Target 6 GenAtlas ID ALDH1B1 Link Image
Target 6 HGNC ID HGNC:407 Link Image
Target 6 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 6 Locus 9p11.1
Target 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 6 Toxin References
  • S410 - Wikipedia. Disulfiram. Last Updated 14 June 2009.
Target 6 General References 2061311; 14702039; 15164053; 15489334; 8244338
Target 7 [top]
Target 7 ID 321
Target 7 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
Target 7 Mechanism of Action Under normal metabolism, alcohol is broken down in the liver by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is then converted by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to the harmless acetic acid. Disulfiram blocks this reaction at the intermediate stage by blocking the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. (S410)
Target 7 Description ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. This protein preferentially oxidizes aromatic aldehyde substrates. It may play a role in the oxidation of toxic aldehydes
Target 7 Synonyms
  1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A1; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3; ALDHIII
Target 7 Gene Name ALDH3A1
Target 7 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring 
MSKISEAVKRARAAFSSGRTRPLQFRIQQLEALQRLIQEQEQELVGALAADLHKNEWNAY
YEEVVYVLEEIEYMIQKLPEWAADEPVEKTPQTQQDELYIHSEPLGVVLVIGTWNYPFNL
TIQPMVGAIAAGNAVVLKPSELSENMASLLATIIPQYLDKDLYPVINGGVPETTELLKER
FDHILYTGSTGVGKIIMTAAAKHLTPVTLELGGKSPCYVDKNCDLDVACRRIAWGKFMNS
GQTCVAPDYILCDPSIQNQIVEKLKKSLKEFYGEDAKKSRDYGRIISARHFQRVMGLIEG
QKVAYGGTGDAATRYIAPTILTDVDPQSPVMQEEIFGPVLPIVCVRSLEEAIQFINQREK
PLALYMFSSNDKVIKKMIAETSSGGVAANDVIVHITLHSLPFGGVGNSGMGSYHGKKSFE
TFSHRRSCLVRPLMNDEGLKVRYPPSPAKMTQH
Target 7 Number of Residues 453
Target 7 Molecular Weight 50378.6
Target 7 Theoretical pI 6.52
Target 7 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 7 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 7 Pathways Not Available
Target 7 Reactions Not Available
Target 7 Signals
  • None
Target 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 7 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 7 Domain Function PF00171:Aldedh
Target 7 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 7 UniProtKB ID P30838 Link Image
Target 7 Cellular Location Cytoplasm
Target 7 Gene Sequence >1362 bp 
ATGAGCAAGATCAGCGAGGCCGTGAAGCGCGCCCGCGCCGCCTTCAGCTCGGGCAGGACC
CGTCCGCTGCAGTTCCGATTCCAGCAGCTGGAGGCGCTGCAGCGCCTGATCCAGGAGCAG
GAGCAGGAGCTGGTGGGCGCGCTGGCCGCAGACCTGCACAAGAATGAATGGAACGCCTAC
TATGAGGAGGTGGTGTACGTCCTAGAGGAGATCGAGTACATGATCCAGAAGCTCCCTGAG
TGGGCCGCGGATGAGCCCGTGGAGAAGACGCCCCAGACTCAGCAGGACGAGCTCTACATC
CACTCGGAGCCACTGGGCGTGGTCCTCGTCATTGGCACCTGGAACTACCCCTTCAACCTC
ACCATCCAGCCCATGGTGGGCGCCATCGCTGCAGGGAACGCAGTGGTCCTCAAGCCCTCG
GAGCTGAGTGAGAACATGGCGAGCCTGCTGGCTACCATCATCCCCCAGTACCTGGACAAG
GATCTGTACCCAGTAATCAATGGGGGTGTCCCTGAGACCACGGAGCTGCTCAAGGAGAGG
TTCGACCATATCCTGTACACGGGCAGCACGGGGGTGGGGAAGATCATCATGACGGCTGCT
GCCAAGCACCTGACCCCTGTCACGCTGGAGCTGGGAGGGAAGAGTCCCTGCTACGTGGAC
AAGAACTGTGACCTGGACGTGGCCTGCCGACGCATCGCCTGGGGGAAATTCATGAACAGT
GGCCAGACCTGCGTGGCCCCAGACTACATCCTCTGTGACCCCTCGATCCAGAACCAAATT
GTGGAGAAGCTCAAGAAGTCACTGAAAGAGTTCTACGGGGAAGATGCTAAGAAATCCCGG
GACTATGGAAGAATCATTAGTGCCCGGCACTTCCAGAGGGTGATGGGCCTGATTGAGGGC
CAGAAGGTGGCTTATGGGGGCACCGGGGATGCCGCCACTCGCTACATAGCCCCCACCATC
CTCACGGACGTGGACCCCCAGTCCCCGGTGATGCAAGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCTGTGCTG
CCCATCGTGTGCGTGCGCAGCCTGGAGGAGGCCATCCAGTTCATCAACCAGCGTGAGAAG
CCCCTGGCCCTCTACATGTTCTCCAGCAACGACAAGGTGATTAAGAAGATGATTGCAGAG
ACATCCAGTGGTGGGGTGGCGGCCAACGATGTCATCGTCCACATCACCTTGCACTCTCTG
CCCTTCGGGGGCGTGGGGAACAGCGGCATGGGATCCTACCATGGCAAGAAGAGCTTCGAG
ACTTTCTCTCACCGCCGCTCTTGCCTGGTGAGGCCTCTGATGAATGATGAAGGCCTGAAG
GTCAGATACCCCCCGAGCCCGGCCAAGATGACCCAGCACTGA
Target 7 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 7 GeneCard ID ALDH3A1 Link Image
Target 7 GenAtlas ID ALDH3A1 Link Image
Target 7 HGNC ID HGNC:405 Link Image
Target 7 Chromosome Location Chromosome:17
Target 7 Locus 17p11.2
Target 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 7 Toxin References
  • S410 - Wikipedia. Disulfiram. Last Updated 14 June 2009.
Target 7 General References 1737758; 8493892; 16625196; 15489334; 2037078; 1905102; 9250352
Target 8 [top]
Target 8 ID 320
Target 8 Name Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Target 8 Mechanism of Action Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood producing highly unpleasant symptoms. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol through its irreversible inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which acts in the second step of ethanol utilization. In addition, disulfiram competitively binds and inhibits the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, which may indicate some value in the treatment of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, however this activity has not been extensively studied.
Target 8 Description An aldehyde + NAD(+) + H(2)O = an acid + NADH
Target 8 Synonyms
  1. ALDH class 2; ALDHI; ALDH-E2
Target 8 Gene Name ALDH2
Target 8 Protein Sequence >Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial 
MLRAAARFGPRLGRRLLSAAATQAVPAPNQQPEVFCNQIFINNEWHDAVSRKTFPTVNPS
TGEVICQVAEGDKEDVDKAVKAARAAFQLGSPWRRMDASHRGRLLNRLADLIERDRTYLA
ALETLDNGKPYVISYLVDLDMVLKCLRYYAGWADKYHGKTIPIDGDFFSYTRHEPVGVCG
QIIPWNFPLLMQAWKLGPALATGNVVVMKVAEQTPLTALYVANLIKEAGFPPGVVNIVPG
FGPTAGAAIASHEDVDKVAFTGSTEIGRVIQVAAGSSNLKRVTLELGGKSPNIIMSDADM
DWAVEQAHFALFFNQGQCCCAGSRTFVQEDIYDEFVERSVARAKSRVVGNPFDSKTEQGP
QVDETQFKKILGYINTGKQEGAKLLCGGGIAADRGYFIQPTVFGDVQDGMTIAKEEIFGP
VMQILKFKTIEEVVGRANNSTYGLAAAVFTKDLDKANYLSQALQAGTVWVNCYDVFGAQS
PFGGYKMSGSGRELGEYGLQAYTEVKTVTVKVPQKNS
Target 8 Number of Residues 517
Target 8 Molecular Weight 56380.9
Target 8 Theoretical pI 7.05
Target 8 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 8 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 8 Pathways Alcohol metabolism; ethanol degradation; acetate from ethanol:step 2/2
Target 8 Reactions Not Available
Target 8 Signals
  • None
Target 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 8 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 8 Domain Function PF00171:Aldedh
Target 8 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 8 UniProtKB ID P05091 Link Image
Target 8 Cellular Location Mitochondrion matrix
Target 8 Gene Sequence >1551 bp 
ATGTTGCGCGCTGCCGCCGCTCGGGCCCCGCCTGGCCGCCGCCTCTTGTCAGCCGCCGCC
ACCCAGGCCGTGCCTGCCCCCAACCAGCAGCCCGAGGTCTTCTGCAACCAGATTTTCATA
AACAATGAATGGCACGATGCCGTCAGCAGGAAAACATTCCCCACCGTCAATCCGTCCACT
GGAGAGGTCATCTGTCAGGTAGCTGAAGGGGACAAGGAAGATGTGGACAAGGCACGTGAA
GGCCGCCCGGGCGCCTTCCAGCTGGGCTCACCTTGGCGCCGCATGGACGCATCACACAGC
GGCCGGCTGCTGAACCGCCTGGCCGATCTGATCGAGCGGGACCGGACCTACCTGGCGGCC
TTGGAGACCCTGGACAATGGCAAGCCCTATGTCATCTCCTACCTGGTGGATTTGGACATG
GTCCTCAAATGTCTCCGGTATTATGCCGGCTGGGCTGATAAGTACCACGGGAAAACCATC
CCCATTGACGGAGACTTCTTCAGCTACACACGCCATGAACCTGTGGGGGTGTGCGGGCAG
ATCATTCCGTGGAATTTCCCGCTCCTGATGCAAGCATGGAAGCTGGGCCCAGCCTTGGCA
ACTGGAAACGTGGTTGTGATGAAGGTAGCTGAGCAGACACCCCTCACCGCCCTCTATGTG
GCCAACCTGATCAAGGAGGCTGGCTTTCCCCCTGGTGTGGTCAACATTGTGCCTGGATTT
GGCCCCACGGCTGGGGCCGCCATTGCCTCCCATGAGGATGTGGACAAAGTGGCATTCACA
GGCTCCACTGAGATTGGCCGCGTAATCCAGGTTGCTGCTGGGAGCAGCAACCTCAAGAGA
GTGACCTTGGAGCTGGGGGGGAAGAGCCCCAACATCATCATGTCAGATGCCGATATGGAT
TGGGCCGTGGAACAGGCCCACTTCGCCCTGTTCTTCAACCAGGGCCAGTGCTGCTGTGCC
GGCTCCCGGACCTTCGTGCAGGAGGACATCTATGATGAGTTTGTGGTGCGGAGCGTTGCC
CGGGCCAAGTCTCGGGTGGTCGGGAACCCCTTTGATAGCAAGACCGAGCAGGGGCCGCAG
GTGGATGAAACTCAGTTTAAGAAGATCCTCGGCTACATCAACACGGGGAAGCAAGAGGGG
GCGAAGCTGCTGTGTGGTGGGGGCATTGCTGCTGACCGTGGTTACTTCATCCAGCCCACT
GTGTTTGGAGATGTGCAGGATGGCATGACCATCGCCAAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCAGTG
ATGCAGATCCTGAAGTTCAAGACCATAGAGGAGGTTGTTGGGAGAGCCAACAATTCCACG
TACGGGCTGGCCGCAGCTGTCTTCACAAAGGATTTGGACAAGGCCAATTACCTGTCCCAG
GCCCTCCAGGCGGGCACTGTGTGGGTCAACTGCTATGATGTGTTTGGAGCCCAGTCACCC
TTTGGTGGCTACAAGATGTCGGGGAGTGGCCGGGAGTTGGGCGAGTACGGGCTGCAGGCA
TACACTGAAGTGAAAACTGTCACAGTCAAAGTGCCTCAGAAGAACTCATAA
Target 8 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 8 GeneCard ID ALDH2 Link Image
Target 8 GenAtlas ID ALDH2 Link Image
Target 8 HGNC ID HGNC:404 Link Image
Target 8 Chromosome Location Chromosome:12
Target 8 Locus 12q24.2
Target 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 8 Toxin References
  • U445 - Ho MP, Yo CH, Liu CM, Chen CL, Lee CC: Refractive hypotension in a patient with disulfiram-ethanol reaction. Am J Med Sci. 2007 Jan;333(1):53-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  • U444 - Mackenzie IS, Maki-Petaja KM, McEniery CM, Bao YP, Wallace SM, Cheriyan J, Monteith S, Brown MJ, Wilkinson IB: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 plays a role in the bioactivation of nitroglycerin in humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Sep;25(9):1891-5. Epub 2005 Jul 28. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 8 General References 3582651; 3562250; 2838413; 15489334; 4065146; 2987944; 4015823
Target 9 [top]
Target 9 ID 1151
Target 9 Name Translocator protein
Target 9 Mechanism of Action Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood producing highly unpleasant symptoms. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol through its irreversible inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which acts in the second step of ethanol utilization. In addition, disulfiram competitively binds and inhibits the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, which may indicate some value in the treatment of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, however this activity has not been extensively studied.
Target 9 Description Responsible for the manifestation of peripheral-type benzodiazepine recognition sites and is most likely to comprise binding domains for benzodiazepines and isoquinoline carboxamides. May play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme. Plays a role in the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes in steroidogenic cells (By similarity)
Target 9 Synonyms
  1. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; PBR; PKBS; Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor
Target 9 Gene Name TSPO
Target 9 Protein Sequence >Translocator protein 
MAPPWVPAMGFTLAPSLGCFVGSRFVHGEGLRWYAGLQKPSWHPPHWVLGPVWGTLYSAM
GYGSYLVWKELGGFTEKAVVPLGLYTGQLALNWAWPPIFFGARQMGWALVDLLLVSGAAA
ATTVAWYQVSPLAARLLYPYLAWLAFATTLNYCVWRDNHGWHGGRRLPE
Target 9 Number of Residues 169
Target 9 Molecular Weight 18778.7
Target 9 Theoretical pI 9.33
Target 9 GO Classification
Function
Not Available
Process
Not Available
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 9 General Function Signal transduction mechanisms
Target 9 Pathways Not Available
Target 9 Reactions Not Available
Target 9 Signals
  • None
Target 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • 6-26
  • 47-67
  • 80-100
  • 106-126
  • 135-155
Target 9 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 9 Domain Function PF03073:TspO_MBR
Target 9 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 9 UniProtKB ID P30536 Link Image
Target 9 Cellular Location Mitochondrion membrane
Target 9 Gene Sequence >510 bp 
CCCCTGAACAGCAGCTGCAGCAGCCATGGCCCCGCCCTGGGTGCCCGCCATGGGCTTCAC
GCTGGCGCCCAGCCTGGGGTGCTTCGTGGGCTCCCGCTTTGTCCACGGCGAGGGTCTCCG
CTGGTACGCCGGCCTGCAGAAGCCCTCGTGGCACCCGCCCCACTGGGTGCTGGGCCCTGT
CTGGGGCACGCTCTACTCAGCCATGGGGTACGGCTCCTACCTGGTCTGGAAAGAGCTGGG
AGGCTTCACAGAGAAGGCTGTGGTTCCCCTGGGCCTCTACACTGGGCAGCTGGCCCTGAA
CTGGGCATGGCCCCCCATCTTCTTTGGTGCCCGACAAATGGGCTGGGCCTTGGTGGATCT
CCTGCTGGTCAGTGGGGCGGCGGCNGCCACTACCGTGGCCTGGTACCAGGTGAGCCCGCT
GGCCGCCCGCCTGCTCTACCCCTACCTGGCCTGGCTGGCCTTCGCGACCACACTCAACTA
CTGCGTATGGCGGGACAACCATGGCTGGCA
Target 9 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 9 GeneCard ID TSPO Link Image
Target 9 GenAtlas ID TSPO Link Image
Target 9 HGNC ID HGNC:1158 Link Image
Target 9 Chromosome Location Chromosome:22
Target 9 Locus 22q13.31
Target 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 9 Toxin References
  • S912 - Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  • S911 - Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 9 General References 1847678; 7721091; 16189298; 15461802; 10591208; 15489334; 9915832; 16822554

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