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Showing toxin card for Ibotenic acid (T3D2455)

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Version 1.0
Creation Date 2009-07-03 20:59:52
Update Date 2010-06-10 15:40:45
Accession Number T3D2455
Name Ibotenic acid
Compound Type
  • Mycotoxin
  • Organic Compound
Description Ibotenic acid is a chemical compound that is naturally occurring in the mushrooms Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina, among others. Ibotenic acid is a powerful neurotoxin that is used as a brain-lesioning agent and has shown to be highly neurotoxic when injected directly into the brains of mice and rats. In 1960's, ibotenic acid was originally isolated from Amanita ibotengutake in Japan. A. ibotengutake is very like to A. pantherina. (S585)
Synonyms
  1. (?)-ibotenic Acid
  2. 4-Isoxazoline-5-acetic Acid, .alpha.-amino-3-oxo-
  3. 4-Isoxazoline-5-acetic Acid, a-amino-3-oxo-
  4. 4-Isoxazoline-5-acetic Acid, alpha-amino-3-oxo-
  5. 4-Isoxazoline-5-acetic Acid, alpha-amino-3-oxo- (8CI)
  6. 5-Isoxazoleacetic Acid, .alpha.-amino-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-
  7. 5-Isoxazoleacetic Acid, a-amino-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-
  8. 5-Isoxazoleacetic Acid, alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-
  9. Amanita muscaria
  10. Ibotenate
  11. Ibotenic Acid
  12. alpha-Amino-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-5-isoxazoleacetic Acid
  13. alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-isoxazoleacetic Acid
Chemical IUPAC Name (2S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxy-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)acetic acid
Chemical Formula C5H6N2O4
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 2552-55-8
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/C5H6N2O4/c6-4(5(9)10)2-1-3(8)7-11-2/h1,4H,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
InChI Key InChIKey=IRJCBFDCFXCWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem Compound ID 1233 Link Image
KEGG ID C10600 Link Image
UniProt ID Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
ChEBI ID 25520 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
SuperToxic ID Not Available
CTD ID D007051 Link Image
Stitch ID Ibotenic acid Link Image
DrugBank ID Not Available
PDB ID Not Available
ACToR ID Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibotenic_acid Link Image
Monoisotopic Mass 158.032757
MOL File Show
PDB File Show
SDF File Show
SMILES N[C@H](C(O)=O)C1=CC(O)=NO1
Appearance Not Available
Melting Point Not Available
Solubility Not Available
Predicted LogP -3.0212
Route of Exposure Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (W967)
Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Metabolism Not Available
Toxicity Values Not Available
Lethal Dose Not Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) Not Available
Uses/Sources Ibotenic acid is used as a brain lesioning agent in the medical environment. When injected intracranially, ibotenic acid causes the development of lesions of the brain. (S585)
Minimum Risk Level Not Available
Health Effects Ibotenic acid is neurotoxic. (S585)
Symptoms When ibotenic acid is ingested, a small portion is decarboxylated into muscimol. Ibotenic acid evokes entheogenic effects in human beings at doses in range of 50-100 mg. Peak intoxication is reached approximately 2-3 hours after oral ingestion, consisting of one or all of the following; visual distortions/hallucinations, loss of equilibrium, muscle twitching (commonly mislabeled as convulsions), and altered sensory perception. These effects generally last for 6-8 hours, varying with dose. (S585)
Treatment Not Available
General References
  • W967 - Peraica M, Domijan AM. Contamination of food with mycotoxins and human health. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2001 Mar;52(1):23-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • S585 - Wikipedia. Ibotenic acid. Last Updated 17 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Targets
  1. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1
  2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2
  3. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3
  4. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
  5. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2
  6. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3
  7. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4
  8. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5
  9. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6
Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 65
Target 1 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1
Target 1 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 1 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-1
Target 1 Gene Name GABRG1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 
MGPLKAFLFSPFLLRSQSRGVRLVFLLLTLHLGNCVDKADDEDDEDLTVNKTWVLAPKIH
EGDITQILNSLLQGYDNKLRPDIGVRPTVIETDVYVNSIGPVDPINMEYTIDIIFAQTWF
DSRLKFNSTMKVLMLNSNMVGKIWIPDTFFRNSRKSDAHWITTPNRLLRIWNDGRVLYTL
RLTINAECYLQLHNFPMDEHSCPLEFSSYGYPKNEIEYKWKKPSVEVADPKYWRLYQFAF
VGLRNSTEITHTISGDYVIMTIFFDLSRRMGYFTIQTYIPCILTVVLSWVSFWINKDAVP
ARTSLGITTVLTMTTLSTIARKSLPKVSYVTAMDLFVSVCFIFVFAALMEYGTLHYFTSN
QKGKTATKDRKLKNKASMTPGLHPGSTLIPMNNISVPQEDDYGYQCLEGKDCASFFCCFE
DCRTGSWREGRIHIRIAKIDSYSRIFFPTAFALFNLVYWVGYLYL
Target 1 Number of Residues 465
Target 1 Molecular Weight 53594.5
Target 1 Theoretical pI 8.23
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in chloride channel activity
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Signals
  • 1-35
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 273-294
  • 299-320
  • 332-354
  • 445-465
Target 1 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 1 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 1 UniProtKB ID Q8N1C3 Link Image
Target 1 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1398 bp 
ATGGGTCCTTTGAAAGCTTTTCTCTTCTCCCCTTTTCTTCTGCGGAGTCAAAGTAGAGGG
GTGAGGTTGGTCTTCTTGTTACTGACCCTGCATTTGGGAAACTGTGTTGATAAGGCAGAT
GATGAAGATGATGAGGATTTAACGGTGAACAAAACCTGGGTCTTGGCCCCAAAAATTCAT
GAAGGAGATATCACACAAATTCTGAATTCATTGCTTCAAGGCTATGACAATAAACTTCGT
CCAGATATAGGAGTGAGGCCCACAGTAATTGAAACTGATGTTTATGTAAACAGCATTGGA
CCAGTTGATCCAATTAATATGGAATATACAATAGATATAATTTTTGCCCAAACCTGGTTT
GACAGTCGTTTAAAATTCAATAGTACCATGAAAGTGCTTATGCTTAACAGTAATATGGTT
GGAAAAATTTGGATTCCTGACACTTTCTTCAGAAACTCAAGAAAATCTGATGCTCACTGG
ATAACAACTCCTAATCGTCTGCTTCGAATTTGGAATGATGGACGAGTTCTGTATACTCTA
AGATTGACAATTAATGCAGAATGTTATCTTCAGCTTCATAACTTTCCCATGGATGAACAT
TCCTGTCCACTGGAATTTTCAAGCTATGGATACCCTAAAAATGAAATTGAGTATAAGTGG
AAAAAGCCCTCCGTAGAAGTGGCTGATCCTAAATACTGGAGATTATATCAGTTTGCATTT
GTAGGGTTACGGAACTCAACTGAAATCACTCACACGATCTCTGGGGATTATGTTATCATG
ACAATTTTTTTTGACCTGAGCAGAAGAATGGGATATTTCACTATTCAGACCTACATTCCA
TGCATTCTGACAGTTGTTCTTTCTTGGGTGTCTTTTTGGATCAATAAAGATGCAGTGCCT
GCAAGAACATCGTTGGGTATCACTACAGTTCTGACTATGACAACCCTGAGTACAATTGCC
AGGAAGTCTTTACCTAAGGTTTCTTATGTGACTGCGATGGATCTCTTTGTTTCTGTTTGT
TTCATTTTTGTTTTTGCAGCCTTGATGGAATATGGAACCTTGCATTATTTTACCAGCAAC
CAAAAAGGAAAGACTGCTACTAAAGACAGAAAGCTAAAAAATAAAGCCTCGATGACTCCT
GGTCTCCATCCTGGATCCACTCTGATTCCAATGAATAATATTTCTGTGCCGCAAGAAGAT
GATTATGGGTATCAGTGTTTGGAGGGCAAAGATTGTGCCAGCTTCTTCTGTTGCTTTGAA
GACTGCAGAACAGGATCTTGGAGGGAAGGAAGGATACACATACGCATTGCCAAAATTGAC
TCTTATTCTAGAATATTTTTCCCAACCGCTTTTGCCCTGTTCAACTTGGTTTATTGGGTT
GGCTATCTTTACTTATAA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 1 GeneCard ID GABRG1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID GABRG1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:4086 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 1 Locus 4p12
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 1 General References 14702039; 17974005; 15489334
Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 31
Target 2 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2
Target 2 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 2 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-2
Target 2 Gene Name GABRG2
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 
MSSPNIWSTGSSVYSTPVFSQKMTVWILLLLSLYPGFTSQKSDDDYEDYASNKTWVLTPK
VPEGDVTVILNNLLEGYDNKLRPDIGVKPTLIHTDMYVNSIGPVNAINMEYTIDIFFAQT
WYDRRLKFNSTIKVLRLNSNMVGKIWIPDTFFRNSKKADAHWITTPNRMLRIWNDGRVLY
TLRLTIDAECQLQLHNFPMDEHSCPLEFSSYGYPREEIVYQWKRSSVEVGDTRSWRLYQF
SFVGLRNTTEVVKTTSGDYVVMSVYFDLSRRMGYFTIQTYIPCTLIVVLSWVSFWINKDA
VPARTSLGITTVLTMTTLSTIARKSLPKVSYVTAMDLFVSVCFIFVFSALVEYGTLHYFV
SNRKPSKDKDKKKKNPAPTIDIRPRSATIQMNNATHLQERDEEYGYECLDGKDCASFFCC
FEDCRTGAWRHGRIHIRIAKMDSYARIFFPTAFCLFNLVYWVSYLYL
Target 2 Number of Residues 467
Target 2 Molecular Weight 54161.8
Target 2 Theoretical pI 8.60
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 2 General Function Involved in benzodiazepine receptor activity
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Signals
  • 1-39
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 274-296
  • 300-322
  • 334-356
  • 444-466
Target 2 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 2 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 2 UniProtKB ID P18507 Link Image
Target 2 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1404 bp 
ATGAGTTCACCAAATATATGGAGCACAGGAAGCTCAGTCTACTCGACTCCTGTATTTTCA
CAGAAAATGACGGTGTGGATTCTGCTCCTGCTGTCGCTCTACCCTGGCTTCACTAGCCAG
AAATCTGATGATGACTATGAAGATTATGCTTCTAACAAAACATGGGTCTTGACTCCAAAA
GTTCCTGAGGGTGATGTCACTGTCATCTTAAACAACCTGCTGGAAGGATATGACAATAAA
CTTCGGCCTGATATAGGAGTGAAGCCAACGTTAATTCACACAGACATGTATGTGAATAGC
ATTGGTCCAGTGAACGCTATCAATATGGAATACACTATTGATATATTTTTTGCGCAAATG
TGGTATGACAGACGTTTGAAATTTAACAGCACCATTAAAGTCCTCCGATTGAACAGCAAC
ATGGTGGGGAAAATCTGGATTCCAGACACTTTCTTCAGAAATTCCAAAAAAGCTGATGCA
CACTGGATCACCACCCCCAACAGGATGCTGAGAATTTGGAATGATGGTCGAGTGCTCTAC
TCCCTAAGGTTGACAATTGATGCTGAGTGCCAATTACAATTGCACAATTTTCCAATGGAT
GAACACTCCTGCCCCTTGGAGTTCTCCAGTTATGGCTATCCACGTGAAGAAATTGTTTAT
CAATGGAAGCGAAGTTCTGTTGAAGTGGGCGACACAAGATCCTGGAGGCTTTATCAATTC
TCATTTGTTGGTCTAAGAAATACCACCGAAGTAGTGAAGACAACTTCCGGAGATTATGTG
GTCATGTCTGTCTACTTTGATCTGAGCAGAAGAATGGGATACTTTACCATCCAGACCTAT
ATCCCCTGCACACTCATTGTCGTCCTATCCTGGGTGTCTTTCTGGATCAATAAGGATGCT
GTTCCAGCCAGAACATCTTTAGGTATCACCACTGTCCTGACAATGACCACCCTCAGCACC
ATTGCCCGGAAATCGCTCCCCAAGGTCTCCTATGTCACAGCGATGGATCTCTTTGTATCT
GTTTGTTTCATCTTTGTCTTCTCTGCTCTGGTGGAGTATGGCACCTTGCATTATTTTGTC
AGCAACCGGAAACCAAGCAAGGACAAAGATAAAAAGAAGAAAAACCCTGCCCCTACCATT
GATATCCGCCCAAGATCAGCAACCATTCAAATGAATAATGCTACACACCTTCAAGAGAGA
GATGAAGAGTACGGCTATGAGTGTCTGGACGGCAAGGACTGTGCCAGTTTTTTCTGCTGT
TTTGAAGATTGTCGAACAGGAGCTTGGAGACATGGGAGGATACATATCCGCATTGCCAAA
ATGGACTCCTATGCTCGGATCTTCTTCCCCACTGCCTTCTGCCTGTTTAATCTGGTCTAT
TGGGTCTCCTACCTCTACCTGTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 2 GeneCard ID GABRG2 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID GABRG2 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:4087 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 2 Locus 5q31.1-q33.1
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 2 General References 2538761; 11328646; 15489334; 9892355; 11326274; 11326275; 16924025
Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 135
Target 3 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3
Target 3 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 3 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit gamma-3
Target 3 Gene Name GABRG3
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 
MAPKLLLLLCLFSGLHARSRKVEEDEYEDSSSNQKWVLAPKSQDTDVTLILNKLLREYDK
KLRPDIGIKPTVIDVDIYVNSIGPVSSINMEYQIDIFFAQTWTDSRLRFNSTMKILTLNS
NMVGLIWIPDTIFRNSKTAEAHWITTPNQLLRIWNDGKILYTLRLTINAECQLQLHNFPM
DEHSCPLIFSSYGYPKEEMIYRWRKNSVEAADQKSWRLYQFDFMGLRNTTEIVTTSAGDY
VVMTIYFELSRRMGYFTIQTYIPCILTVVLSWVSFWIKKDATPARTALGITTVLTMTTLS
TIARKSLPRVSYVTAMDLFVTVCFLFVFAALMEYATLNYYSSCRKPTTTKKTTSLLHPDS
SRWIPERISLQAPSNYSLLDMRPPPTAMITLNNSVYWQEFEDTCVYECLDGKDCQSFFCC
YEECKSGSWRKGRIHIDILELDSYSRVFFPTSFLLFNLVYWVGYLYL
Target 3 Number of Residues 467
Target 3 Molecular Weight 54288.2
Target 3 Theoretical pI 7.58
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 3 General Function Involved in chloride channel activity
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Signals
  • 1-17
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 255-277
  • 281-303
  • 315-337
  • 444-467
Target 3 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 3 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 3 UniProtKB ID Q99928 Link Image
Target 3 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1404 bp 
ATGGCCCCGAAGCTGCTGCTCCTCCTCTGCCTGTTCTCGGGCTTGCACGCGCGGTCCAGA
AAGGTGGAAGAGGATGAATATGAAGATTCATCATCAAACCAAAAGTGGGTCTTGGCTCCA
AAATCCCAAGACACCGACGTGACTCTTATTCTCAACAAGTTGCTAAGAGAGTATGATAAA
AAGCTGAGGCCAGATATTGGAATAAAACCGACCGTAATTGACGTTGACATTTATGTTAAC
AGCATTGGTCCTGTGTCATCAATAAACATGGAATACCAAATTGACATATTTTTTGCTCAG
ACCTGGACAGATAGTCGCCTTCGATTCAACAGCACAATGAAAATTCTTACTCTGAACAGC
AACATGGTGGGGTTAATCTGGATCCCAGACACCATCTTCCGCAATTCTAAAACCGCAGAG
GCTCACTGGATCACCACACCCAATCAGCTCCTCCGGATTTGGAATGACGGGAAAATCCTT
TACACTTTGAGGCTCACCATCAATGCTGAGTGCCAGCTGCAGCTGCACAACTTCCCCATG
GACGAACACTCCTGCCCGCTGATTTTCTCCAGCTATGGCTATCCCAAAGAAGAAATGATT
TATAGATGGAGAAAAAATTCAGTGGAGGCAGCTGACCAGAAATCATGGCGGCTTTATCAG
TTTGACTTCATGGGCCTCAGAAACACCACAGAAATCGTGACAACGTCTGCAGGTGATTAT
GTTGTCATGACTATATATTTTGAATTGAGTAGAAGAATGGGATACTTCACCATTCAGACA
TACATTCCCTGTATACTGACTGTGGTTTTATCCTGGGTGTCATTTTGGATCAAAAAAGAT
GCTACGCCAGCAAGAACAGCATTAGGCATCACCACGGTGCTGACCATGACCACCCTGAGC
ACCATCGCCAGGAAGTCCTTGCCACGCGTGTCCTACGTGACCGCCATGGACCTTTTTGTG
ACTGTGTGCTTCCTGTTTGTCTTCGCCGCGCTGATGGAGTATGCCACCCTCAACTACTAT
TCCAGCTGTAGAAAACCAACCACCACGAAAAAGACAACATCGTTACTACATCCAGATTCC
TCAAGATGGATTCCTGAGCGAATAAGCCTACAAGCCCCTTCCAACTATTCCCTCCTGGAC
ATGAGGCCACCACCACCTGCGATGATCACTTTAAACAATTCCGTTTACTGGCAGGAATTT
GAAGATACCTGTGTCTATGAGTGTCTGGATGGCAAAGACTGTCAGAGCTTCTTCTGCTGC
TATGAAGAATGTAAATCAGGATCCTGGAGGAAAGGGCGTATTCACATAGACATCTTGGAG
CTGGACTCGTACTCCCGGGTCTTTTTCCCCACGTCCTTCCTGCTCTTTAACCTGGTCTAC
TGGGTTGGATACCTGTATCTCTAA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 3 GeneCard ID GABRG3 Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID GABRG3 Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:4088 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location Chromosome:15
Target 3 Locus 15q12
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 3 General References 8719414
Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 36
Target 4 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Target 4 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 4 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-1
Target 4 Gene Name GABRA1
Target 4 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 
MRKSPGLSDCLWAWILLLSTLTGRSYGQPSLQDELKDNTTVFTRILDRLLDGYDNRLRPG
LGERVTEVKTDIFVTSFGPVSDHDMEYTIDVFFRQSWKDERLKFKGPMTVLRLNNLMASK
IWTPDTFFHNGKKSVAHNMTMPNKLLRITEDGTLLYTMRLTVRAECPMHLEDFPMDAHAC
PLKFGSYAYTRAEVVYEWTREPARSVVVAEDGSRLNQYDLLGQTVDSGIVQSSTGEYVVM
TTHFHLKRKIGYFVIQTYLPCIMTVILSQVSFWLNRESVPARTVFGVTTVLTMTTLSISA
RNSLPKVAYATAMDWFIAVCYAFVFSALIEFATVNYFTKRGYAWDGKSVVPEKPKKVKDP
LIKKNNTYAPTATSYTPNLARGDPGLATIAKSATIEPKEVKPETKPPEPKKTFNSVSKID
RLSRIAFPLLFGIFNLVYWATYLNREPQLKAPTPHQ
Target 4 Number of Residues 456
Target 4 Molecular Weight 51801.4
Target 4 Theoretical pI 9.61
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 4 General Function Involved in chloride channel activity
Target 4 Pathways Not Available
Target 4 Reactions Not Available
Target 4 Signals
  • 1-27
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • 252-273
  • 279-300
  • 313-334
  • 422-443
Target 4 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 4 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 4 UniProtKB ID P14867 Link Image
Target 4 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 4 Gene Sequence Not Available
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 4 GeneCard ID GABRA1 Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID GABRA1 Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:4075 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 4 Locus 5q34-q35
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 4 General References 2465923; 15489334; 2847710; 11992121; 16718694
Target 5 [top]
Target 5 ID 115
Target 5 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2
Target 5 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 5 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 5 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2
Target 5 Gene Name GABRA2
Target 5 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 
MKTKLNIYNMQFLLFVFLVWDPARLVLANIQEDEAKNNITIFTRILDRLLDGYDNRLRPG
LGDSITEVFTNIYVTSFGPVSDTDMEYTIDVFFRQKWKDERLKFKGPMNILRLNNLMASK
IWTPDTFFHNGKKSVAHNMTMPNKLLRIQDDGTLLYTMRLTVQAECPMHLEDFPMDAHSC
PLKFGSYAYTTSEVTYIWTYNASDSVQVAPDGSRLNQYDLLGQSIGKETIKSSTGEYTVM
TAHFHLKRKIGYFVIQTYLPCIMTVILSQVSFWLNRESVPARTVFGVTTVLTMTTLSISA
RNSLPKVAYATAMDWFIAVCYAFVFSALIEFATVNYFTKRGWAWDGKSVVNDKKKEKASV
MIQNNAYAVAVANYAPNLSKDPVLSTISKSATTPEPNKKPENKPAEAKKTFNSVSKIDRM
SRIVFPVLFGTFNLVYWATYLNREPVLGVSP
Target 5 Number of Residues 451
Target 5 Molecular Weight 51325.9
Target 5 Theoretical pI 9.50
Target 5 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 5 General Function Involved in benzodiazepine receptor activity
Target 5 Pathways Not Available
Target 5 Reactions Not Available
Target 5 Signals
  • 1-28
Target 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • 252-273
  • 279-300
  • 313-334
  • 420-441
Target 5 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 5 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 5 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 5 UniProtKB ID P47869 Link Image
Target 5 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 5 Gene Sequence >1356 bp 
ATGAAGACAAAATTGAACATCTACAACATCGAGTTCCTGCTTTTTGTTTTCTTGGTGTGG
GACCCTGCCAGGTTGGTGCTGGCTAACATCCAAGAAGATGAGGCTAAAAATAACATTACC
ATCTTTACGAGAATTCTTGACAGACTTCTGGATGGTTACGATAATCGGCTTAGACCAGGA
CTGGGAGACAGTATTACTGAAGTCTTCACTAACATCTACGTGACCAGTTTTGGCCCTGTC
TCAGATACAGATATGGAATATACAATTGATGTTTTCTTTCGACAAAAATGGAAAGATGAA
CGTTTAAAATTTAAAGGTCCTATGAATATCCTTCGACTAAACAATTTAATGGCTAGCAAA
ATCTGGACTCCAGATACCTTTTTTCACAATGGGAAGAAATCAGTAGCTCATAATATGACA
ATGCCAAATAAGTTGCTTCGAATTCAGGATGATGGGACTCTGCTGTATACCATGAGGCTT
ACAGTTCAAGCTGAATGCCCAATGCACTTGGAGGATTTCCCAATGGATGCTCATTCATGT
CCTCTGAAATTTGGCAGCTATGCATATACAACTTCAGAGGTCACTTATATTTGGACTTAC
AATGCATCTGATTCAGTACAGGTTGCTCCTGATGGCTCTAGGTTAAATCAATATGACCTG
CTGGGCCAATCAATCGGAAAGGAGACAATTAAATCCAGTACAGGTGAATATACTGTAATG
ACAGCTCATTTCCACCTGAAAAGAAAAATTGGGTATTTTGTGATTCAAACCTATCTGCCT
TGCATCATGACTGTCATTCTCTCCCAAGTTTCATTCTGGCTTAACAGAGAATCTGTGCCT
GCAAGAACTGTGTTTGGAGTAACAACTGTCCTAACAATGACAACTCTAAGCATCAGTGCT
CGGAATTCTCTCCCCAAAGTGGCTTATGCAACTGCCATGGACTGGTTTATTGCTGTTTGT
TATGCATTTGTGTTCTCTGCCCTAATTGAATTTGCAACTGTTAATTACTTCACCAAAAGA
GGATGGACTTGGGATGGGAAGAGTGTAGTAAATGACAAGAAAAAAGAAAAGGCTTCCGTT
ATGATACAGAACAACGCTTATGCAGTGGCTGTTGCCAATTATGCCCCGAATCTTTCAAAA
GATCCAGTTCTCTCCACCATCTCCAAGAGTGCAACCACGCCAGAACCCAACAAGAAGCCA
GAAAACAAGCCAGCTGAAGCAAAGAAAACTTTCAACAGTGTTAGCAAAATTGACAGAATG
TCCAGAATAGTTTTTCCAGTTTTGTTTGGTACCTTTAATTTAGTTTACTGGGCTACATAT
TTAAACAGAGAACCTGTATTAGGGGTCAGTCCTTGA
Target 5 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 5 GeneCard ID GABRA2 Link Image
Target 5 GenAtlas ID GABRA2 Link Image
Target 5 HGNC ID HGNC:4076 Link Image
Target 5 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 5 Locus 4p12
Target 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 5 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 5 General References 8391122; 15024690
Target 6 [top]
Target 6 ID 153
Target 6 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3
Target 6 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 6 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 6 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-3
Target 6 Gene Name GABRA3
Target 6 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 
MIITQTSHCYMTSLGILFLINILPGTTGQGESRRQEPGDFVKQDIGGLSPKHAPDIPDDS
TDNITIFTRILDRLLDGYDNRLRPGLGDAVTEVKTDIYVTSFGPVSDTDMEYTIDVFFRQ
TWHDERLKFDGPMKILPLNNLLASKIWTPDTFFHNGKKSVAHNMTTPNKLLRLVDNGTLL
YTMRLTIHAECPMHLEDFPMDVHACPLKFGSYAYTTAEVVYSWTLGKNKSVEVAQDGSRL
NQYDLLGHVVGTEIIRSSTGEYVVMTTHFHLKRKIGYFVIQTYLPCIMTVILSQVSFWLN
RESVPARTVFGVTTVLTMTTLSISARNSLPKVAYATAMDWFIAVCYAFVFSALIEFATVN
YFTKRSWAWEGKKVPEALEMKKKTPAAPAKKTSTTFNIVGTTYPINLAKDTEFSTISKGA
APSASSTPTIIASPKATYVQDSPTETKTYNSVSKVDKISRIIFPVLFAIFNLVYWATYVN
RESAIKGMIRKQ
Target 6 Number of Residues 492
Target 6 Molecular Weight 55164.1
Target 6 Theoretical pI 8.93
Target 6 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 6 General Function Involved in benzodiazepine receptor activity
Target 6 Pathways Not Available
Target 6 Reactions Not Available
Target 6 Signals
  • 1-28
Target 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • 277-298
  • 304-325
  • 338-359
  • 458-479
Target 6 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 6 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 6 UniProtKB ID P34903 Link Image
Target 6 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 6 Gene Sequence >1479 bp 
ATGATAATCACACAAACAAGTCACTGTTACATGACCAGCCTTGGGATTCTTTTCCTGATT
AATATTCTCCCTGGAACCACTGGTCAAGGGGAATCAAGACGACAAGAACCCGGGGACTTT
GTGAAGCAGGACATTGGCGGGCTGTCTCCTAAGCATGCCCCAGATATTCCTGATGACAGC
ACTGACAACATCACTATCTTCACCAGAATCTTGGATCGTCTTCTGGACGGCTATGACAAC
CGGCTGCGACCTGGGCTTGGAGATGCAGTGACTGAAGTGAAGACTGACATCTACGTGACC
AGTTTTGGCCCTGTGTCAGACACTGACATGGAGTACACTATTGATGTATTTTTTCGGCAG
ACATGGCATGATGAAAGACTGAAATTTGATGGCCCCATGAAGATCCTTCCACTGAACAAT
CTCCTGGCTAGTAAGATCTGGACACCGGACACCTTCTTCCACAATGGCAAGAAATCAGTG
GCTCATAACATGACCACGCCCAACAAGCTGCTCAGATTGGTGGACAACGGAACCCTCCTC
TATACAATGAGGTTAACAATTCATGCTGAGTGTCCCATGCATTTGGAAGATTTTCCCATG
GATGTGCATGCCTGCCCACTGAAGTTTGGAAGCTATGCCTATACAACAGCTGAAGTGGTT
TATTCTTGGACTCTCGGAAAGAACAAATCCGTGGAAGTGGCACAGGATGGTTCTCGCTTG
AACCAGTATGACCTTTTGGGCCATGTTGTTGGGACAGAGATAATCCGGTCTAGTACAGGA
GAATATGTCGTCATGACAACCCACTTCCATCTCAAGCGAAAAATTGGCTACTTTGTGATC
CAGACCTACTTGCCATGTATCATGACTGTCATTCTGTCACAAGTGTCGTTCTGGCTCAAC
AGAGAGTCTGTTCCTGCCCGTACAGTCTTTGGTGTCACCACTGTGCTTACCATGACCACC
TTGAGTATCAGTGCCAGAAATTCCTTACCTAAAGTGGCATATGCGACGGCCATGGACTGG
TTCATAGCCGTCTGTTATGCCTTTGTATTTTCTGCACTGATTGAATTTGCCACTGTCAAC
TATTTCACCAAGCGGAGTTGGGCTTGGGAAGGCAAGAAGGTGCCAGAGGCCCTGGAGATG
AAGAAGAAAACACCAGCAGCCCCAGCAAAGAAAACCAGCACTACCTTCAACATCGTGGGG
ACCACCTATCCCATCAACCTGGCCAAGGACACTGAATTTTCCACCATCTCCAAGGGCGCT
GCTCCCAGTGCCTCCTCAACCCCAACAATCATTGCTTCACCCAAGGCCACCTACGTGCAG
GACAGCCCGACTGAGACCAAGACCTACAACAGTGTCAGCAAGGTTGACAAAATTTCCCGC
ATCATCTTTCCTGTGCTCTTTGCCATATTCAATCTGGTCTATTGGGCCACATATGTCAAC
CGGGAGTCAGCTATCAAGGGCATGATCCGCAAACAGTAG
Target 6 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 6 GeneCard ID GABRA3 Link Image
Target 6 GenAtlas ID GABRA3 Link Image
Target 6 HGNC ID HGNC:4077 Link Image
Target 6 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 6 Locus Xq28
Target 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 6 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 6 General References 8391122; 10602120; 15489334
Target 7 [top]
Target 7 ID 246
Target 7 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4
Target 7 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 7 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 7 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-4
Target 7 Gene Name GABRA4
Target 7 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 
MVSAKKVPAIALSAGVSFALLRFLCLAVCLNESPGQNQKEEKLCTENFTRILDSLLDGYD
NRLRPGFGGPVTEVKTDIYVTSFGPVSDVEMEYTMDVFFRQTWIDKRLKYDGPIEILRLN
NMMVTKVWTPDTFFRNGKKSVSHNMTAPNKLFRIMRNGTILYTMRLTISAECPMRLVDFP
MDGHACPLKFGSYAYPKSEMIYTWTKGPEKSVEVPKESSSLVQYDLIGQTVSSETIKSIT
GEYIVMTVYFHLRRKMGYFMIQTYIPCIMTVILSQVSFWINKESVPARTVFGITTVLTMT
TLSISARHSLPKVSYATAMDWFIAVCFAFVFSALIEFAAVNYFTNIQMEKAKRKTSKPPQ
EVPAAPVQREKHPEAPLQNTNANLNMRKRTNALVHSESDVGNRTEVGNHSSKSSTVVQES
SKGTPRSYLASSPNPFSRANAAETISAARALPSASPTSIRTGYMPRKASVGSASTRHVFG
SRLQRIKTTVNTIGATGKLSATPPPSAPPPSGSGTSKIDKYARILFPVTFGAFNMVYWVV
YLSKDTMEKSESLM
Target 7 Number of Residues 554
Target 7 Molecular Weight 61622.6
Target 7 Theoretical pI 10.02
Target 7 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 7 General Function Involved in benzodiazepine receptor activity
Target 7 Pathways Not Available
Target 7 Reactions Not Available
Target 7 Signals
  • 1-35
Target 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • 259-280
  • 285-306
  • 318-340
  • 524-543
Target 7 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 7 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 7 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 7 UniProtKB ID P48169 Link Image
Target 7 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 7 Gene Sequence Not Available
Target 7 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 7 GeneCard ID GABRA4 Link Image
Target 7 GenAtlas ID GABRA4 Link Image
Target 7 HGNC ID HGNC:4078 Link Image
Target 7 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 7 Locus 4p12
Target 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 7 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 7 General References 8719416; 14702039; 15815621; 15489334; 7607683; 17693683; 16959974
Target 8 [top]
Target 8 ID 133
Target 8 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5
Target 8 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 8 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 8 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-5
Target 8 Gene Name GABRA5
Target 8 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 
MDNGMFSGFIMIKNLLLFCISMNLSSHFGFSQMPTSSVKDETNDNITIFTRILDGLLDGY
DNRLRPGLGERITQVRTDIYVTSFGPVSDTEMEYTIDVFFRQSWKDERLRFKGPMQRLPL
NNLLASKIWTPDTFFHNGKKSIAHNMTTPNKLLRLEDDGTLLYTMRLTISAECPMQLEDF
PMDAHACPLKFGSYAYPNSEVVYVWTNGSTKSVVVAEDGSRLNQYHLMGQTVGTENISTS
TGEYTIMTAHFHLKRKIGYFVIQTYLPCIMTVILSQVSFWLNRESVPARTVFGVTTVLTM
TTLSISARNSLPKVAYATAMDWFIAVCYAFVFSALIEFATVNYFTKRGWAWDGKKALEAA
KIKKKREVILNKSTNAFTTGKMSHPPNIPKEQTPAGTSNTTSVSVKPSEEKTSESKKTYN
SISKIDKMSRIVFPVLFGTFNLVYWATYLNREPVIKGAASPK
Target 8 Number of Residues 462
Target 8 Molecular Weight 52145.6
Target 8 Theoretical pI 9.56
Target 8 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 8 General Function Involved in chloride channel activity
Target 8 Pathways Not Available
Target 8 Reactions Not Available
Target 8 Signals
  • 1-31
Target 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • 260-281
  • 286-307
  • 319-341
  • 428-449
Target 8 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 8 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 8 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 8 UniProtKB ID P31644 Link Image
Target 8 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 8 Gene Sequence >1389 bp 
ATGGACAATGGAATGTTCTCTGGTTTTATCATGATCAAAAACCTCCTTCTCTTTTGTATT
TCCATGAACTTATCCAGTCACTTTGGCTTTTCACAGATGCCAACCAGTTCAGTGAAAGAT
GAGACCAATGACAACATCACGATATTTACCAGGATCTTGGATGGGCTCTTGGATGGCTAC
GACAACAGACTTCGGCCCGGGCTGGGAGAGCGCATCACTCAGGTGAGGACCGACATCTAC
GTCACCAGCTTCGGCCCGGTGTCCGACACGGAAATGGAGTACACCATAGACGTGTTTTTC
CGACAAAGCTGGAAAGATGAAAGGCTTCGGTTTAAGGGGCCCATGCAGCGCCTCCCTCTC
AACAACCTCCTTGCCAGCAAGATCTGGACCCCAGACACGTTCTTCCACAACGGGAAGAAG
TCCATCGCTCACAACATGACCACGCCCAACAAGCTGCTGCGGCTGGAGGACGACGGCACC
CTGCTCTACACCATGCGCTTGACCATCTCTGCAGAGTGCCCCATGCAGCTTGAGGACTTC
CCGATGGATGCGCACGCTTGCCCTCTGAAATTTGGCAGCTATGCGTACCCTAATTCTGAA
GTCGTTTACGTCTGGACCAACGGCTCCACCAAGTCGGTGGTGGTGGCGGAAGATGGCTCC
AGACTGAACCAGTACCACCTGATGGGGCAGACGGTGGGCACTGAGAACATCAGCACCAGC
ACAGGCGAATACACAATCATGACAGCTCACTTCCACCTGAAAAGGAAGATTGGCTACTTT
GTCATCCAGACCTACCTTCCCTGCATAATGACCGTGATCTTATCACAGGTGTCCTTTTGG
CTGAACCGGGAATCAGTCCCAGCCAGGACAGTTTTTGGGGTCACCACGGTGCTGACCATG
ACGACCCTCAGCATCAGCGCCAGGAACTCTCTGCCCAAAGTGGCCTACGCCACCGCCATG
GACTGGTTCATAGCTGTGTGCTATGCCTTCGTCTTCTCGGCGCTGATAGAGTTTGCCACG
GTCAATTACTTTACCAAGAGAGGCTGGGCCTGGGATGGCAAAAAAGCCTTGGAAGCAGCC
AAGATCAAGAAAAAGCGTGAAGTCATACTAAATAAGTCAACAAACGCTTTTACAACTGGG
AAGATGTCTCACCCCCCAAACATTCCGAAGGAACAGACCCCAGCAGGGACGTCGAATACA
ACCTCAGTCTCAGTAAAACCCTCTGAAGAGAAGACTTCTGAAAGCAAAAAGACTTACAAC
AGTATCAGCAAAATTGACAAAATGTCCCGAATCGTATTCCCAGTCTTGTTCGGCACTTTC
AACTTAGTTTACTGGGCAACGTATTTGAATAGGGAGCCGGTGATAAAAGGAGCCGCCTCT
CCAAAATAA
Target 8 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 8 GeneCard ID GABRA5 Link Image
Target 8 GenAtlas ID GABRA5 Link Image
Target 8 HGNC ID HGNC:4079 Link Image
Target 8 Chromosome Location Chromosome:15
Target 8 Locus 15q11.2-q12
Target 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 8 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 8 General References 8388764; 1321750; 14702039; 15489334; 9205108; 17370265
Target 9 [top]
Target 9 ID 257
Target 9 Name Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6
Target 9 Mechanism of Action A portion of ibotenic acid is metabolized to muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist, activating the receptor for the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Muscimol actually binds to the same binding site on the GABAA receptor complex as GABA itself, as opposed to other GABAergic drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines which bind to separate regulatory sites. GABAA receptors are widely distributed in the brain, and so when muscimol is administered, it alters neuronal activity in multiple regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. However while muscimol is conventionally thought of as a selective GABAA agonist, it is also a potent partial agonist at the GABAC receptor, and so its effects profile results from a combined action at both targets. (S586, V389)
Target 9 Description GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Target 9 Synonyms
  1. GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-6
Target 9 Gene Name GABRA6
Target 9 Protein Sequence >Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 
MASSLPWLCIILWLENALGKLEVEGNFYSENVSRILDNLLEGYDNRLRPGFGGAVTEVKT
DIYVTSFGPVSDVEMEYTMDVFFRQTWTDERLKFGGPTEILSLNNLMVSKIWTPDTFFRN
GKKSIAHNMTTPNKLFRIMQNGTILYTMRLTINADCPMRLVNFPMDGHACPLKFGSYAYP
KSEIIYTWKKGPLYSVEVPEESSSLLQYDLIGQTVSSETIKSNTGEYVIMTVYFHLQRKM
GYFMIQIYTPCIMTVILSQVSFWINKESVPARTVFGITTVLTMTTLSISARHSLPKVSYA
TAMDWFIAVCFAFVFSALIEFAAVNYFTNLQTQKAKRKAQFAAPPTVTISKATEPLEAEI
VLHPDSKYHLKKRITSLSLPIVSSSEANKVLTRAPILQSTPVTPPPLSPAFGGTSKIDQY
SRILFPVAFAGFNLVYWVVYLSKDTMEVSSSVE
Target 9 Number of Residues 453
Target 9 Molecular Weight 51023.7
Target 9 Theoretical pI 8.40
Target 9 GO Classification
Function
neurotransmitter receptor activity
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
ion channel activity
ligand-gated ion channel activity
extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
GABA receptor activity
GABA-A receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
chloride transport
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
Component
postsynaptic membrane
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 9 General Function Involved in benzodiazepine receptor activity
Target 9 Pathways Not Available
Target 9 Reactions Not Available
Target 9 Signals
  • 1-19
Target 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • 243-264
  • 269-290
  • 301-324
  • 420-441
Target 9 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 9 Domain Function PF02931:Neur_chan_LBD PF02932:Neur_chan_memb
Target 9 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 9 UniProtKB ID Q16445 Link Image
Target 9 Cellular Location Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane
Target 9 Gene Sequence >1362 bp 
ATGGCGTCATCTCTGCCCTGGCTGTGCATTATTCTGTGGCTAGAAAATGCCCTAGGGAAA
CTCGAAGTTGAAGGCAACTTCTACTCAGAAAACGTCAGTCGGATCCTGGACAACTTGCTT
GAAGGCTATGACAATCGGCTGCGGCCGGGATTTGGAGGTGCTGTCACTGAAGTCAAAACA
GACATTTATGTGACCAGTTTTGGGCCCGTGTCAGATGTGGAGATGGAGTATACGATGGAT
GTTTTTTTTCGCCAGACCTGGACTGATGAGAGGTTGAAGTTTGGGGGGCCAACTGAGATT
CTGAGTCTGAATAATTTGATGGTCAGTAAAATCTGGACGCCTGACACCTTTTTCAGAAAT
GGTAAAAAGTCCATTGCTCACAACATGACAACTCCTAATAAACTCTTCAGAATAATGCAG
AATGGAACCATTTTATACACCATGAGGCTTACCATCAATGCTGACTGTCCCATGAGGCTG
GTTAACTTTCCTATGGATGGGCATGCTTGTCCACTCAAGTTTGGGAGCTATGCTTATCCC
AAAAGTGAAATCATATATACGTGGAAAAAAGGACCACTTTACTCAGTAGAAGTCCCAGAA
GAATCTTCAAGCCTTCTCCAGTATGATCTGATTGGACAAACAGTATCTAGTGAGACAATT
AAATCTAACACAGGTGAATACGTTATAATGACAGTTTACTTCCACTTGCAAAGGAAGATG
GGCTACTTCATGATACAGATATACACTCCTTGCATTATGACAGTCATTCTTTCCCAGGTG
TCTTTCTGGATTAATAAGGAGTCCGTCCCAGCAAGAACTGTTTTTGGGATCACCACTGTT
TTAACTATGACCACTTTGAGCATCAGTGCCCGGCACTCTTTGCCAAAAGTGTCATATGCC
ACTGCCATGGATTGGTTCATAGCTGTTTGCTTTGCATTCGTCTTCTCTGCTCTTATCGAG
TTCGCAGCTGTCAACTACTTTACCAATCTTCAGACACAGAAGGCGAAAAGGAAGGCACAG
TTTGCAGCCCCACCCACAGTGACAATATCAAAAGCTACTGAACCTTTGGAAGCTGAGATT
GTTTTGCATCCTGACTCCAAATATCATCTGAAGAAAAGGATCACTTCTCTGTCTTTGCCA
ATAGTTTCATCTTCCGAGGCCAATAAAGTGCTCACGAGAGCGCCCATCTTACAATCAACA
CCTGTCACACCCCCACCACTCCCGCCAGCCTTTGGAGGCACCAGTAAAATAGACCAGTAT
TCTCGAATTCTCTTCCCAGTTGCATTTGCAGGATTCAACCTTGTGTACTGGGTAGTTTAT
CTTTCCAAAGATACAATGGAAGTGAGTAGCAGTGTTGAATAG
Target 9 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 9 GeneCard ID GABRA6 Link Image
Target 9 GenAtlas ID GABRA6 Link Image
Target 9 HGNC ID HGNC:4080 Link Image
Target 9 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 9 Locus 5q34
Target 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 9 Toxin References
  • S586 - Wikipedia. Muscimol. Last Updated 5 June 2009.
  • V389 - eMedicine (2008). Toxicity, Mushrooms - Ibotenic Acid.
Target 9 General References 8632757; 15489334; 16959974

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government.