Silver (T3D0214)

General Function:

Superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity

Specific Function:

May supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells.

Gene Name:

ATP7A

Uniprot ID:

Q04656

Molecular Weight:

163372.275 Da

References

1. Cobine PA, George GN, Winzor DJ, Harrison MD, Mogahaddas S, Dameron CT: Stoichiometry of complex formation between Copper(I) and the N-terminal domain of the Menkes protein. Biochemistry. 2000 Jun 13;39(23):6857-63. [10841766 ]
2. Barry AN, Otoikhian A, Bhatt S, Shinde U, Tsivkovskii R, Blackburn NJ, Lutsenko S: The lumenal loop Met672-Pro707 of copper-transporting ATPase ATP7A binds metals and facilitates copper release from the intramembrane sites. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 29;286(30):26585-94. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.229039. Epub 2011 Jun 6. [21646353 ]

General Function:

Glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against peroxide damage in sperm membrane lipids.

Gene Name:

GPX5

Uniprot ID:

O75715

Molecular Weight:

25202.14 Da

References

1. Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Mercury, silver, and gold inhibition of selenium-accelerated cysteine oxidation. J Inorg Biochem. 1986 Sep;28(1):13-20. [3760861 ]

General Function:

Sh3 domain binding

Specific Function:

Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.

Gene Name:

GPX1

Uniprot ID:

P07203

Molecular Weight:

22087.94 Da

References

1. Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Mercury, silver, and gold inhibition of selenium-accelerated cysteine oxidation. J Inorg Biochem. 1986 Sep;28(1):13-20. [3760861 ]

General Function:

Glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested organic hydroperoxides. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and linoleic acid hydroperoxide but not phosphatidycholine hydroperoxide, can act as acceptors.

Gene Name:

GPX2

Uniprot ID:

P18283

Molecular Weight:

21953.835 Da

References

1. Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Mercury, silver, and gold inhibition of selenium-accelerated cysteine oxidation. J Inorg Biochem. 1986 Sep;28(1):13-20. [3760861 ]

General Function:

Transcription factor binding

Specific Function:

Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione.

Gene Name:

GPX3

Uniprot ID:

P22352

Molecular Weight:

25552.185 Da

References

1. Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Mercury, silver, and gold inhibition of selenium-accelerated cysteine oxidation. J Inorg Biochem. 1986 Sep;28(1):13-20. [3760861 ]

General Function:

Glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GPX6

Uniprot ID:

P59796

Molecular Weight:

24970.46 Da

References

1. Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Mercury, silver, and gold inhibition of selenium-accelerated cysteine oxidation. J Inorg Biochem. 1986 Sep;28(1):13-20. [3760861 ]

General Function:

Peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

It protects esophageal epithelia from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It suppresses acidic bile acid-induced reactive oxigen species (ROS) and protects against oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks.

Gene Name:

GPX7

Uniprot ID:

Q96SL4

Molecular Weight:

20995.88 Da

References

1. Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Mercury, silver, and gold inhibition of selenium-accelerated cysteine oxidation. J Inorg Biochem. 1986 Sep;28(1):13-20. [3760861 ]

General Function:

Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Essential for embryonic development. Protects from radiation and oxidative damage.

Gene Name:

GPX4

Uniprot ID:

P36969

Molecular Weight:

22174.52 Da

References

1. Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Mercury, silver, and gold inhibition of selenium-accelerated cysteine oxidation. J Inorg Biochem. 1986 Sep;28(1):13-20. [3760861 ]

General Function:

Peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GPX8

Uniprot ID:

Q8TED1

Molecular Weight:

23880.83 Da

References

1. Dillard CJ, Tappel AL: Mercury, silver, and gold inhibition of selenium-accelerated cysteine oxidation. J Inorg Biochem. 1986 Sep;28(1):13-20. [3760861 ]

General Function:

Steroid hormone binding

Specific Function:

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.

Gene Name:

ATP1A1

Uniprot ID:

P05023

Molecular Weight:

112895.01 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Steroid hormone binding

Specific Function:

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.

Gene Name:

ATP1A2

Uniprot ID:

P50993

Molecular Weight:

112264.385 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Steroid hormone binding

Specific Function:

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.

Gene Name:

ATP1A3

Uniprot ID:

P13637

Molecular Weight:

111747.51 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity

Specific Function:

This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients. Plays a role in sperm motility.

Gene Name:

ATP1A4

Uniprot ID:

Q13733

Molecular Weight:

114165.44 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity

Specific Function:

This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane.Involved in cell adhesion and establishing epithelial cell polarity.

Gene Name:

ATP1B1

Uniprot ID:

P05026

Molecular Weight:

35061.07 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity

Specific Function:

This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-2 subunit is not known.Mediates cell adhesion of neurons and astrocytes, and promotes neurite outgrowth.

Gene Name:

ATP1B2

Uniprot ID:

P14415

Molecular Weight:

33366.925 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity

Specific Function:

This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-3 subunit is not known.

Gene Name:

ATP1B3

Uniprot ID:

P54709

Molecular Weight:

31512.34 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Transporter activity

Specific Function:

May be involved in forming the receptor site for cardiac glycoside binding or may modulate the transport function of the sodium ATPase.

Gene Name:

FXYD2

Uniprot ID:

P54710

Molecular Weight:

7283.265 Da

References

1. Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, Walsh PJ: Mechanism of acute silver toxicity in marine invertebrates. Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Mar 25;72(1-2):67-82. Epub 2004 Dec 29. [15748748 ]

General Function:

Used for biological information storage.

Specific Function:

DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.

Molecular Weight:

2.15 x 10¹² Da