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T3D0191 - Hydrogen sulfide
| Record Information | |
|---|---|
| Version | 1.0 |
| Creation Date | 2009-03-06 18:58:15 UTC |
| Update Date | 2013-04-25 08:33:13 UTC |
| Accession Number | T3D0191 |
| Identification | |
| Common Name | Hydrogen sulfide |
| Description | Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula H2S. This colorless gas is partially responsible for the foul odor of rotten eggs and flatulence. It often results from the bacterial break down of sulfites in nonorganic matter in the absence of oxygen, such as in swamps and sewers (anaerobic digestion). It also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas and some well waters. Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic and flammable gas; its toxicity is comparable with that of hydrogen cyanide. (S579) |
| Compound Type |
|
| Chemical Structure |
|
| Synonyms |
|
| Chemical Formula | H2S |
| Average Molecular Weight | 34.081 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 33.987720754 |
| Chemical IUPAC Name | hydrogen sulfide |
| CAS Registry Number | 7783-06-4 |
| SMILES | S |
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2 |
| InChI Key | InChIKey=RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Chemical Taxonomy | |
| Kingdom | Inorganic Compounds |
| Super Class | Homogeneous Non-metal Compounds |
| Class | Other Non-metal Organides |
| Sub Class | Other Non-metal Hydrides |
| Direct Parent | Other Non-metal Hydrides |
| Alternative Parents | Not Available |
| Molecular Framework | Acyclic Compounds |
| Substituents | Not Available |
| External Descriptors |
|
| External Links | |
| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
| PubChem Compound ID | 402  |
| KEGG ID | C00283 |
| UniProt ID | Not Available |
| OMIM ID | 176790 |
| ChEBI ID | 16136 |
| BioCyc ID | HS |
| CTD ID | D006862 |
| Stitch ID | Hydrogen sulfide |
| PDB ID | Not Available |
| ACToR ID | Not Available |
| Wikipedia Link | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide |
| Physical Properties | |
| Appearance | Colorless gas. (S579) |
| Melting Point | -82.30 C (190.85 K) |
| Solubility | 3.74 mg/mL at 21 °C [VENABLE,CS & FUWA,T (1922)] |
| Predicted LogP | -0.03749999999999998 |
| Toxicity Profile | |
| Route of Exposure | Oral; inhalation; dermal |
| Mechanism of Action | Although very pungent at first, hydrogen sulfide quickly deadens the sense of smell, so potential victims may be unaware of its presence until it is too late. Hydrogen sulfide forms a complex bond with iron in the mitochondrial cytochrome enzymes, thereby blocking oxygen from binding and stopping cellular respiration. (S579) |
| Metabolism | Not Available |
| Toxicity Values | Not Available |
| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | Not Available |
| Uses/Sources | Volcanoes and hot springs emit some hydrogen sulfide, where it probably arises via the hydrolysis of sulfide minerals. Hydrogen sulfide can be present naturally in well water; it can be removed using ozone or a filter with manganese dioxide. About 10% of total global emissions of H2S is due to human activity. By far the largest industrial route to hydrogen sulfide occurs in petroleum refineries. Other anthropogenic sources of hydrogen sulfide include coke ovens, paper mills, and tanneries. H2S arises from virtually anywhere where elemental sulfur comes into contact with organic material, especially at high temperatures. Being heavier than air, H2S tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. (S579) |
| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
| Health Effects | Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic and flammable gas. Hydrogen sulfide is considered a broad-spectrum poison, meaning that it can poison several different systems in the body, although the nervous system is most affected. The toxicity of hydrogen sulfide is comparable with that of hydrogen cyanide. (S579) |
| Symptoms | Exposure to lower concentrations can result in eye irritation, a sore throat and cough, nausea, shortness of breath, and fluid in the lungs; these symptoms usually go away in a few weeks. Long-term, low-level exposure may result in fatigue, loss of appetite, headaches, irritability, poor memory, and dizziness. Higher concentrations of 700-800 ppm tend to be fatal. (S579) |
| Treatment | Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium nitrite, inhalation of pure oxygen, administration of bronchodilators to overcome eventual bronchospasm, and in some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO). HBO therapy has anecdotal support and remains controversial. (S579) |
| References | |
| General References |
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