T3D0148 - Hexachlorocyclohexane, technical Grade
| Record Information | |
|---|---|
| Version | 1.0 |
| Creation Date | 2009-03-06 18:58:10 UTC |
| Update Date | 2013-04-25 08:33:02 UTC |
| Accession Number | T3D0148 |
| Identification | |
| Common Name | Hexachlorocyclohexane, technical Grade |
| Description | Technical grade hexachlorocyclohexane is a manufactured chemical that typically consists of the alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, and gamma isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane. It is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (R186) |
| Compound Type |
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| Chemical Structure |
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| Synonyms |
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| Chemical Formula | C6H6Cl6 |
| Average Molecular Weight | 290.83 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 287.860066434 |
| Chemical IUPAC Name | hexachlorocyclohexane |
| CAS Registry Number | 608-73-1 |
| SMILES | ClC1C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C1Cl |
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H |
| InChI Key | InChIKey=JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Chemical Taxonomy | |
| Kingdom | Organic Compounds |
| Super Class | Organic Halides |
| Class | Organochlorides |
| Sub Class | Alkyl Chlorides |
| Direct Parent | Alkyl Chlorides |
| Alternative Parents | Not Available |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic Homomonocyclic Compounds |
| Substituents | Not Available |
| External Descriptors |
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| External Links | |
| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
| PubChem Compound ID | 727  |
| KEGG ID | C06988 |
| UniProt ID | Not Available |
| OMIM ID | Not Available |
| ChEBI ID | 24536 |
| BioCyc ID | GAMMA-HCH |
| CTD ID | Not Available |
| Stitch ID | Hexachlorocyclohexane, technical Grade |
| PDB ID | Not Available |
| ACToR ID | 696 |
| Wikipedia Link | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindane |
| Physical Properties | |
| Appearance | White solid or colorless vapor. |
| Melting Point | 112.5 C |
| Solubility | 0.008 mg/mL at 25 °C [CHEM INSPECT TEST INST (1992)] |
| Predicted LogP | 4.345541484 |
| Toxicity Profile | |
| Route of Exposure | Oral(R186) ; inhalation (R186) ; dermal (R186). |
| Mechanism of Action | Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. It is also believed to inhibit sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases and to be an endocrine disruptor. In the liver, hexachlorocyclohexane is thought to cause oxidative stress by interfering with hepatic oxidative capacity and glutathione metabolism, increasing lipid metabolism, and inhibiting magnesium ATPase activity. Hexachlorocyclohexane may also inhibit gap junction and intercellular communication, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor promotion. (R186, R187, R188) |
| Metabolism | Hexachlorocyclohexane is absorbed through the skin, lungs, and intestines, then distributed mainly to the adipose tissue but also to the brain, kidney, muscle, and blood. Metabolism occurs via dechlorination, dehydrogenation, dehydrochlorination, and hydroxylation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The main metabolites are polychlorophenols and 1,2,4-trichlorocyclohexane-4,5-epoxide, which are excreted in the urine. (R186) |
| Toxicity Values | LD50: 100 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R261) LD50: 75 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rabbit) (R261) |
| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264) |
| Uses/Sources | Hexachlorocyclohexane is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (R186) |
| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
| Health Effects | Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. Hexachlorocyclohexane is known to damage the liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as cause blood disorders and reproductive and developmental defects. Hexachlorocyclohexane is also potentially carcinogenic. (R186, R187) |
| Symptoms | Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. (R187) |
| Treatment | Hexachlorocyclohexane poisoning is treated symptomatically. Gastric lavage, followed by the administration of activated charcoal, may be performed upon ingestion. (R284) |
| References | |
| General References |
|
Targets
1. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P14867
Gene: GABRA1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P47869
Gene: GABRA2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
3. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P34903
Gene: GABRA3
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
4. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P48169
Gene: GABRA4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
5. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P31644
Gene: GABRA5
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
6. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: Q16445
Gene: GABRA6
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
7. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P18505
Gene: GABRB1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
8. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P47870
Gene: GABRB2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
9. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P28472
Gene: GABRB3
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
10. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: O14764
Gene: GABRD
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
11. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P18507
Gene: GABRG2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
12. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: Q99928
Gene: GABRG3
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
13. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. In the uterus, the function of the receptor appears to be related to tissue contractility. The binding of this pI subunit with other GABA(A) receptor subunits alters the sensitivity of recombinant receptors to modulatory agents such as pregnanolone.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: O00591
Gene: GABRP
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
14. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-1 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P24046
Gene: GABRR1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
15. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-2 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P28476
Gene: GABRR2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
16. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.
Hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, reducing the rate of depolarization and increasing the sensitivity of neurons. (R186)UniProt ID: P05023
Gene: ATP1A1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
17. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.
Hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, reducing the rate of depolarization and increasing the sensitivity of neurons. (R186)UniProt ID: P50993
Gene: ATP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
18. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.
Hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, reducing the rate of depolarization and increasing the sensitivity of neurons. (R186)UniProt ID: P13637
Gene: ATP1A3
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
19. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients. Plays a role in sperm motility.
Hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, reducing the rate of depolarization and increasing the sensitivity of neurons. (R186)UniProt ID: Q13733
Gene: ATP1A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
20. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane.
Hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, reducing the rate of depolarization and increasing the sensitivity of neurons. (R186)UniProt ID: P05026
Gene: ATP1B1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
21. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-2 subunit is not known.
Hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, reducing the rate of depolarization and increasing the sensitivity of neurons. (R186)UniProt ID: P14415
Gene: ATP1B2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
22. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-3 subunit is not known.
Hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, reducing the rate of depolarization and increasing the sensitivity of neurons. (R186)UniProt ID: P54709
Gene: ATP1B3
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
23. Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma
May be involved in forming the receptor site for cardiac glycoside binding or may modulate the transport function of the sodium ATPase.
Hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, reducing the rate of depolarization and increasing the sensitivity of neurons. (R186)UniProt ID: P54710
Gene: FXYD2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
24. Estrogen-related receptor gamma
Orphan receptor that acts as transcription activator in the absence of bound ligand. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response elements (By similarity).
Hexachlorocyclohexane acts as an endocrine disruptor by inhibiting estrogen-related receptor gamma. (R188)UniProt ID: P62508
Gene: ESRRG
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R188 — Li J, Li N, Ma M, Giesy JP, Wang Z: In vitro profiling of the endocrine disrupting potency of organochlorine pesticides. Toxicol Lett. 2008 Dec 15;183(1-3):65-71. Epub 2008 Oct 17.
[18992306 ]
25. Androgen receptor
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.
Hexachlorocyclohexane acts as an endocrine disruptor by inhibiting the androgen receptor. (R188)UniProt ID: P10275
Gene: AR
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R188 — Li J, Li N, Ma M, Giesy JP, Wang Z: In vitro profiling of the endocrine disrupting potency of organochlorine pesticides. Toxicol Lett. 2008 Dec 15;183(1-3):65-71. Epub 2008 Oct 17.
[18992306 ]
26. Progesterone receptor
The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Progesterone receptor isoform B (PRB) is involved activation of c-SRC/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation. Isoform A is inactive in stimulating c-Src/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation.
Hexachlorocyclohexane acts as an endocrine disruptor by inhibiting the progesterone receptor. (R188)UniProt ID: P06401
Gene: PGR
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R188 — Li J, Li N, Ma M, Giesy JP, Wang Z: In vitro profiling of the endocrine disrupting potency of organochlorine pesticides. Toxicol Lett. 2008 Dec 15;183(1-3):65-71. Epub 2008 Oct 17.
[18992306 ]
27. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: Q8N1C3
Gene: GABRG1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
28. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel (By similarity).
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: A8MPY1
Gene: GABRR3
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
29. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: Q9UN88
Gene: GABRQ
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
30. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. (R186)UniProt ID: P78334
Gene: GABRE
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- R186 — ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for hexachlorocyclohexane. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
31. Estrogen receptor
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.
Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (S301)UniProt ID: P03372
Gene: ESR1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- S301 — Luft S, Milki E, Glustrom E, Ampiah-Bonney R, O'Hara P. Binding of Organochloride and Pyrethroid Pesticides To Estrogen Receptors ? and ?: A Fluorescence Polarization Assay. Biophysical Journal 2009;96(3):444a.
32. Estrogen receptor beta
Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner. Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA-binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual.
Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (S301)UniProt ID: Q92731
Gene: ESR2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report
References:
- S301 — Luft S, Milki E, Glustrom E, Ampiah-Bonney R, O'Hara P. Binding of Organochloride and Pyrethroid Pesticides To Estrogen Receptors ? and ?: A Fluorescence Polarization Assay. Biophysical Journal 2009;96(3):444a.