| Version |
1.0 |
| Creation Date |
2009-03-06 18:58:06 |
| Update Date |
2010-03-18 21:52:23 |
| Accession Number |
T3D0114 |
| Name |
Radon-222 |
| Compound Type |
- Inorganic Compound
- Metal
- Radioactive Isotope
- Radium Compound
|
| Description |
Radon is the chemical element of symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a rare radioactive gas, belonging to the noble gas series, and is formed as part of three radioactive decay chains that begin with uranium or thorium. Thirty-six radioactive isotopes of radon, with mass number from 193 to 228, have been characterized. The most stable isotope is Radon-222 (half-life of 3.8 days); it is generated naturally by the decay of 238U and emits alpha particles. Because of its radioactivity and unreactivity as a chemical element, radon has few uses and is seldom used in academic research. Radon is responsible for the majority of the mean public exposure to ionizing radiations. (S494) |
| Synonyms |
- radon, isotope of mass 222
- radon-222
|
| Chemical IUPAC Name |
radon |
| Chemical Formula |
Rn |
| Chemical Structure |
 |
| CAS Registry Number |
14859-67-7 |
| InChI Identifier |
InChI=1S/Rn/i1+0 |
| InChI Key |
InChIKey=SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-IGMARMGPSA-N |
| PubChem Compound ID |
61773  |
| KEGG ID |
C16454 |
| UniProt ID |
Not Available |
| OMIM ID |
Not Available |
| ChEBI ID |
33492 |
| BioCyc ID |
Not Available |
| SuperToxic ID |
Not Available |
| CTD ID |
Not Available |
| Stitch ID |
Radon-222 |
| DrugBank ID |
Not Available |
| PDB ID |
Not Available |
| ACToR ID |
6527 |
| Wikipedia Link |
Not Available |
| Monoisotopic Mass |
222.01757 |
| MOL File |
Show |
| PDB File |
Show |
| SDF File |
Show |
| SMILES |
[222Rn] |
| Appearance |
Not Available |
| Melting Point |
Not Available |
| Solubility |
Not Available |
| Predicted LogP |
0.0 |
| Route of Exposure |
Oral (W509); Inhalation (W509) ; Dermal(W509) |
| Mechanism of Action |
The ionizing radiation produced by radon causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (W509) |
| Metabolism |
Exposure to radon can occur from inhalation or dermal contact. It can also enter the body via ingestion if dissolved in water. Radon distributes mainly to the fat. It is not metabolized and may be eliminated in the urine, faeces, or expired air. (W509) |
| Toxicity Values |
Not Available |
| Lethal Dose |
Not Available |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) |
1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264) |
| Uses/Sources |
Radon has few uses and is seldom used in academic research. Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as basements. Radon can be found in some spring waters and hot springs. (S494) |
| Minimum Risk Level |
Not Available |
| Health Effects |
Radon is responsible for the majority of the mean public exposure to ionizing radiations. Due to it's radioactivity, breathing high concentrations of radon can cause lung cancer. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, radon could be the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, after cigarette smoking; and radon-induced lung cancer the 6th leading cause of cancer death overall, causing 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year in the United States. (S494) |
| Symptoms |
Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525) |
| Treatment |
Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525) |
| General References |
- S494 - Wikipedia. Radon. Last Updated 5 July 2009.
- W510 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1999). Toxicological profile for ionizing radiation. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
- W525 - Wikipedia. Radiation poisoning. Last Updated 22 August 2009.
- R264 - International Agency for Research on Cancer (2009). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
- W509 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2008). Toxicological profile for radon. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
|
| Targets |
- DNA
|
|
Target 1
[top]
|
| Target 1 ID |
632 |
| Target 1 Name |
DNA |
| Target 1 Mechanism of Action |
The ionizing radiation produced by radon causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. (W509) |
| Target 1 Description |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Synonyms |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Gene Name |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Protein Sequence |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Number of Residues |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Molecular Weight |
0.0 |
| Target 1 Theoretical pI |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GO Classification |
|
Function
|
| Not Available |
|
Process
|
| Not Available |
|
Component
|
| Not Available |
|
| Target 1 General Function |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Pathways |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Reactions |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Signals |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Transmembrane Regions |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Essentiality |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Domain Function |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GenBank ID Protein |
Not Available |
| Target 1 UniProtKB ID |
DNA |
| Target 1 Cellular Location |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Gene Sequence |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GenBank Gene ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GeneCard ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GenAtlas ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 HGNC ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Chromosome Location |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Locus |
Not Available |
| Target 1 SNPs |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Toxin References |
- W509 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2008). Toxicological profile for radon. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
|
| Target 1 General References |
Not Available |
