| Version |
1.0 |
| Creation Date |
2009-03-06 18:58:06 |
| Update Date |
2010-03-18 21:52:23 |
| Accession Number |
T3D0111 |
| Name |
Uranium-234 |
| Compound Type |
- Inorganic Compound
- Metal
- Radioactive Isotope
- Uranium Compound
|
| Description |
Uranium-234 is an isotope of uranium. Uranium is a chemical element that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a normal part of rocks, soil, air, and water, and occurs in nature in the form of minerals. Natural uranium is a mixture of three radioactive isotopes called uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238. Uranium is also used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. (R465, R466) |
| Synonyms |
- Uranium, isotope of mass 234
- Uranium-234
|
| Chemical IUPAC Name |
uranium |
| Chemical Formula |
U |
| Chemical Structure |
 |
| CAS Registry Number |
13966-29-5 |
| InChI Identifier |
InChI=1S/U/i1-4 |
| InChI Key |
InChIKey=JFALSRSLKYAFGM-AHCXROLUSA-N |
| PubChem Compound ID |
61704  |
| KEGG ID |
Not Available |
| UniProt ID |
Not Available |
| OMIM ID |
Not Available |
| ChEBI ID |
Not Available |
| BioCyc ID |
Not Available |
| SuperToxic ID |
Not Available |
| CTD ID |
Not Available |
| Stitch ID |
Uranium-234 |
| DrugBank ID |
Not Available |
| PDB ID |
Not Available |
| ACToR ID |
Not Available |
| Wikipedia Link |
Not Available |
| Monoisotopic Mass |
234.040946 |
| MOL File |
Show |
| PDB File |
Show |
| SDF File |
Show |
| SMILES |
[234U] |
| Appearance |
Silver metallic solid. |
| Melting Point |
Not Available |
| Solubility |
Not Available |
| Predicted LogP |
0.0 |
| Route of Exposure |
Oral (R466) ; inhalation (R466) ; dermal (R466) ; radiation (R466) |
| Mechanism of Action |
Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (R466, R467) |
| Metabolism |
Uranium is absorbed in low amounts via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Uranium in body fluids generally exists as the uranyl ion (UO2)2+ complexed with anions, such as citrate and bicarbonate, or plasma proteins. Uranium preferentially distributes to bone, liver, and kidney. The large majority of uranium that enters the body is not absorbed and is eliminated from the body via the urine and faeces. (R465) |
| Toxicity Values |
Not Available |
| Lethal Dose |
Not Available |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) |
Not Available |
| Uses/Sources |
Uranium is also used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. (R465, R466) |
| Minimum Risk Level |
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0004 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (Soluble uranium salts) (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.008 mg/m3 (Insoluble uranium compounds) (R260) |
| Health Effects |
Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (R465, R466) |
| Symptoms |
Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525, R465) |
| Treatment |
Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525) |
| General References |
- R467 - Gazin V, Kerdine S, Grillon G, Pallardy M, Raoul H: Uranium induces TNF alpha secretion and MAPK activation in a rat alveolar macrophage cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 1;194(1):49-59. [PubMed ]
- W510 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1999). Toxicological profile for ionizing radiation. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
- W525 - Wikipedia. Radiation poisoning. Last Updated 22 August 2009.
- R465 - Wikipedia. Uranium. Last Updated 28 May 2009.
- R260 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
- R468 - Vidaud C, Dedieu A, Basset C, Plantevin S, Dany I, Pible O, Quemeneur E: Screening of human serum proteins for uranium binding. Chem Res Toxicol. 2005 Jun;18(6):946-53. [PubMed ]
- R466 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1999). Toxicological profile for uranium. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
|
| Targets |
- DNA
|
|
Target 1
[top]
|
| Target 1 ID |
632 |
| Target 1 Name |
DNA |
| Target 1 Mechanism of Action |
Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (R466) |
| Target 1 Description |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Synonyms |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Gene Name |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Protein Sequence |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Number of Residues |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Molecular Weight |
0.0 |
| Target 1 Theoretical pI |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GO Classification |
|
Function
|
| Not Available |
|
Process
|
| Not Available |
|
Component
|
| Not Available |
|
| Target 1 General Function |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Pathways |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Reactions |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Signals |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Transmembrane Regions |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Essentiality |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Domain Function |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GenBank ID Protein |
Not Available |
| Target 1 UniProtKB ID |
DNA |
| Target 1 Cellular Location |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Gene Sequence |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GenBank Gene ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GeneCard ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 GenAtlas ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 HGNC ID |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Chromosome Location |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Locus |
Not Available |
| Target 1 SNPs |
Not Available |
| Target 1 Toxin References |
- R466 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1999). Toxicological profile for uranium. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
|
| Target 1 General References |
Not Available |
