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Showing toxin card for Di-n-butyl phthalate (T3D0052)

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Version 1.0
Creation Date 2009-03-06 18:57:59
Update Date 2010-05-18 20:48:36
Accession Number T3D0052
Name Di-n-butyl phthalate
Compound Type
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbon
  • Cosmetic Toxin
  • Organic Compound
  • Phthalate
  • Plasticizer
Description Di-n-butyl phthalate is a manufactured chemical that is added to plastics, paint, glue, hair spray, and other household products. It is commonly found in the environment, and most people are exposed to low levels in the air, water, and food. However, it is believed to have relativel low toxicity. (R258)
Synonyms
  1. 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, dibutyl ester
  2. Benzene-o-dicarboxylic Acid di-n-butyl ester
  3. Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, dibutyl ester
  4. Butyl phthalate
  5. Celluflex DPB
  6. DBP
  7. Di-n-butyl phthalate
  8. Di-n-butylester kyseliny ftalove [czech]
  9. Di-n-butylorthophthalate
  10. Dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
  11. Dibutyl ester of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid
  12. Dibutyl o-phthalate
  13. Dibutyl phthalated
  14. Dibutyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
  15. Dibutyl-o-phthalate
  16. Dibutyll phthalate
  17. Dibutylphthatlate
  18. Elaol
  19. Ergoplast FDB
  20. Hatcol DBP
  21. Kodaflex DBP
  22. Morflex 240
  23. N-butyl phthalate
  24. N-butylphthalate
  25. O-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, dibutyl ester
  26. Ortho-dibutyl phthalate
  27. Palatinol DBP
  28. Palatinol c
  29. Phthalate, butyl
  30. Phthalate, di-n-butyl
  31. Phthalate, dibutyl
  32. Phthalic Acid di-n-butyl ester
  33. Phthalic Acid dibutyl ester
  34. Phthalic Acid, dibutyl ester
  35. Staflex DBP
  36. Uniflex DBP
  37. Unimoll DB
  38. Uniplex 150
Chemical IUPAC Name 1,2-dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Chemical Formula C16H22O4
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 84-74-2
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/C16H22O4/c1-3-5-11-19-15(17)13-9-7-8-10-14(13)16(18)20-12-6-4-2/h7-10H,3-6,11-12H2,1-2H3
InChI Key InChIKey=DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem Compound ID 3026 Link Image
KEGG ID Not Available
UniProt ID Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
ChEBI ID 25520 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
SuperToxic ID Not Available
CTD ID D003993 Link Image
Stitch ID Di-n-butyl phthalate Link Image
DrugBank ID Not Available
PDB ID Not Available
ACToR ID 1740
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibutyl_phthalate Link Image
Monoisotopic Mass 278.151809
MOL File Show
PDB File Show
SDF File Show
SMILES CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC
Appearance Colorless oily liquid.
Melting Point -35 °C
Solubility 0.0112 mg/mL at 25 °C [HOWARD,PH et al. (1985)]
Predicted LogP 4.628
Route of Exposure Oral (R258) ; inhalation (R258) ; dermal (R258)
Mechanism of Action The most characteristic effect of di-n-butyl phthalate is testicular atrophy. Di-n-butyl phthalate exposure causes both the release of iron from hemoglobin and/or transferrin in the liver and spleen, and the subsequent depletion of iron in the blood and testes. The decreased amount of available iron results in a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity in the Sertoli cells. This results in disturbances in the energy transfer system between Sertoli cells and germ cells, which is required for the differentiation of male germ cells and their progression through the seminiferous epithelium and release as mature spermatozoa. Di-n-butyl phthalate may also exhibit weak estrogenic activity. It has been shown to exhibit toxic effects in liver mitochondria by uncoupling energy-linked processes and inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase. (R258, R259)
Metabolism Di-n-butyl phthalate is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. It is rapidly distributed and cleared from the body. Metabolism of di-n-butyl phthalate proceeds mainly by nonspecific esterases in the gastrointestinal tract, which hydrolyze of one butyl ester bond to yield mono-n-butyl phthalate, the primary toxic metabolite. Mono-n-butyl phthalate is conjugated with glucuronic acid via glucuronosyltransferase and excreted in the urine. (R258)
Toxicity Values LD50: 3050 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R261) LD50: 720 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R261) LD50: 5289 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R261) LC50: 25 g/m3 over 2 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (R261)
Lethal Dose Not Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) Not Available
Uses/Sources Di-n-butyl phthalate is used to make plastics more flexible and is also in carpet backings, paints, glue, insect repellents, hair spray, nail polish, and rocket fuel. (R258)
Minimum Risk Level Not Available
Health Effects Adverse effects from di-n-butyl phthalate exposure have not yet been reported in humans. However, animals studies have shown that di-n-butyl phthalate can affect reproductive ability by decreasing sperm count and causing birth defects. (R258)
Symptoms Skin contact with di-n-butyl phthalate may cause mild irritation. (R258)
Treatment Not Available
General References
  • R261 - Lewis RJ Sr. (ed) (2004). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • R258 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Toxicological profile for di-n-butyl phthalate. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
  • R259 - Melnick RL, Schiller CM: Mitochondrial toxicity of phthalate esters. Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Nov;45:51-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Targets
  1. Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial
  2. Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial
  3. Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial
  4. Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial
  5. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
  6. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 300
Target 1 Name Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial
Target 1 Mechanism of Action Di-n-butyl phthalate has been shown to exhibit toxic effects in liver mitochondria by uncoupling energy-linked processes and inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase. (R259)
Target 1 Description Mono-heme cytochrome b. May act as a mediator of low potential couples in an electron flow through cardiac complex II. Is involved in system II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q)
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C; Integral membrane protein CII-3; QPs-1; QPs1; Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase cytochrome B large subunit; CYBL
Target 1 Gene Name SDHC
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial 
MAALLLRHVGRHCLRAHFSPQLCIRNAVPLGTTAKEEMERFWNKNIGSNRPLSPHITIYS
WSLPMAMSICHRGTGIALSAGVSLFGMSALLLPGNFESYLELVKSLCLGPALIHTAKFAL
VFPLMYHTWNGIRHLMWDLGKGLKIPQLYQSGVVVLVLTVLSSMGLAAM
Target 1 Number of Residues 169
Target 1 Molecular Weight 18610.0
Target 1 Theoretical pI 10.12
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
catalytic activity
oxidoreductase activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
succinate dehydrogenase activity
Process
electron transport
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
tricarboxylic acid cycle
Component
cell
membrane
Target 1 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 1 Pathways Carbohydrate metabolism; tricarboxylic acid cycle
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 71-93
  • 105-127
  • 147-168
Target 1 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 1 Domain Function PF01127:Sdh_cyt
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 1 UniProtKB ID Q99643 Link Image
Target 1 Cellular Location Mitochondrion inner membrane
Target 1 Gene Sequence >510 bp 
ATGGCTGCGCTGTTGCTGAGACACGTTGGTCGTCATTGCCTCCGAGCCCACTTTAGCCCT
CAGCTCTGTATCAGAAATGCTGTTCCTTTGGGAACCACGGCCAAAGAAGAGATGGAGCGG
TTCTGGAATAAGAATATAGGTTCAAACCGTCCTCTGTCTCCCCACATTACTATCTACAGT
TGGTCTCTTCCCATGGCGATGTCCATCTGCCACCGTGGCACTGGTATTGCTTTGAGTGCA
GGGGTCTCTCTTTTTGGCATGTCGGCCCTGTTACTCCCTGGGAACTTTGAGTCTTATTTG
GAACTTGTGAAGTCCCTGTGTCTGGGGCCAGCACTGATCCACACAGCTAAGTTTGCACTT
GTCTTCCCTCTCATGTATCATACCTGGAATGGGATCCGACACTTGATGTGGGACCTAGGA
AAAGGCCTGAAGATTCCCCAGCTATACCAGTCTGGAGTGGTTGTCCTGGTTCTTACTGTG
TTGTCCTCTATGGGGCTGGCAGCCATGTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 1 GeneCard ID SDHC Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID SDHC Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:10682 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 1 Locus Not Available
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 Toxin References
  • R259 - Melnick RL, Schiller CM: Mitochondrial toxicity of phthalate esters. Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Nov;45:51-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 General References 9533030; 9714607; 16710414; 15489334; 11062460; 17804857
Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 301
Target 2 Name Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial
Target 2 Mechanism of Action Di-n-butyl phthalate has been shown to exhibit toxic effects in liver mitochondria by uncoupling energy-linked processes and inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase. (R259)
Target 2 Description Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) (By similarity)
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. CybS; Succinate-ubiquinone reductase membrane anchor subunit; QPs3; CII-4; Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D; Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase cytochrome b small subunit
Target 2 Gene Name SDHD
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial 
MAVLWRLSAVCGALGGRALLLRTPVVRPAHISAFLQDRPIPEWCGVQHIHLSPSHHSGSK
AASLHWTSERVVSVLLLGLLPAAYLNPCSAMDYSLAAALTLHGHWGLGQVVTDYVHGDAL
QKAAKAGLLALSALTFAGLCYFNYHDVGICKAVAMLWKL
Target 2 Number of Residues 159
Target 2 Molecular Weight 17042.8
Target 2 Theoretical pI 8.75
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
binding
tetrapyrrole binding
heme binding
Process
electron transport
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
tricarboxylic acid cycle
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
envelope
organelle envelope
mitochondrial envelope
Target 2 General Function Involved in electron carrier activity
Target 2 Pathways Carbohydrate metabolism; tricarboxylic acid cycle
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 64-85
  • 91-111
  • 121-142
Target 2 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 2 Domain Function PF05328:CybS
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 2 UniProtKB ID O14521 Link Image
Target 2 Cellular Location Mitochondrion inner membrane
Target 2 Gene Sequence >480 bp 
ATGGCGGTTCTCTGGAGGCTGAGTGCCGTTTGCGGTGCCCTAGGAGGCCGAGCTCTGTTG
CTTCGAACTCCAGTGGTCAGACCTGCTCATATCTCAGCATTTCTTCAGGACCGACCTATC
CCAGAATGGTGTGGAGTGCAGCACATACACTTGTCACCGAGCCACCATTCTGGCTCCAAG
GCTGCATCTCTCCACTGGACTAGCGAGAGGGTTGTCAGTGTTTTGCTCCTGGGTCTGCTT
CCGGCTGCTTATTTGAATCCTTGCTCTGCGATGGACTATTCCCTGGCTGCAGCCCTCACT
CTTCATGGTCACTGGGGCCTTGGACAAGTTGTTACTGACTATGTTCATGGGGATGCCTTG
CAGAAAGCTGCCAAGGCAGGGCTTTTGGCACTTTCAGCTTTAACCTTTGCTGGGCTTTGC
TATTTCAACTATCACGATGTGGGCATCTGCAAAGCTGTTGCCATGCTGTGGAAGCTCTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 2 GeneCard ID SDHD Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID SDHD Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:10683 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location Chromosome:11
Target 2 Locus 11q23
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 Toxin References
  • R259 - Melnick RL, Schiller CM: Mitochondrial toxicity of phthalate esters. Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Nov;45:51-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 General References 9533030; 10482792; 16303743; 16554811; 15489334; 11156372
Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 298
Target 3 Name Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial
Target 3 Mechanism of Action Di-n-butyl phthalate has been shown to exhibit toxic effects in liver mitochondria by uncoupling energy-linked processes and inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase. (R259)
Target 3 Description Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q)
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. Flavoprotein subunit of complex II; Fp
Target 3 Gene Name SDHA
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial 
MSGVRGLSRLLSARRLALAKAWPTVLQTGTRGFHFTVDGNKRASAKVSDSISAQYPVVDH
EFDAVVVGAGGAGLRAAFGLSEAGFNTACVTKLFPTRSHTVAAQGGINAALGNMEEDNWR
WHFYDTVKGSDWLGDQDAIHYMTEQAPAAVVELENYGMPFSRTEDGKIYQRAFGGQSLKF
GKGGQAHRCCCVADRTGHSLLHTLYGRSLRYDTSYFVEYFALDLLMENGECRGVIALCIE
DGSIHRIRAKNTVVATGGYGRTYFSCTSAHTSTGDGTAMITRAGLPCQDLEFVQFHPTGI
YGAGCLITEGCRGEGGILINSQGERFMERYAPVAKDLASRDVVSRSMTLEIREGRGCGPE
KDHVYLQLHHLPPEQLATRLPGISETAMIFAGVDVTKEPIPVLPTVHYNMGGIPTNYKGQ
VLRHVNGQDQIVPGLYACGEAACASVHGANRLGANSLLDLVVFGRACALSIEESCRPGDK
VPPIKPNAGEESVMNLDKLRFADGSIRTSELRLSMQKSMQNHAAVFRVGSVLQEGCGKIS
KLYGDLKHLKTFDRGMVWNTDLVETLELQNLMLCALQTIYGAEARKESRGAHAREDYKVR
IDEYDYSKPIQGQQKKPFEEHWRKHTLSYVDVGTGKVTLEYRPVIDKTLNEADCATVPPA
IRSY
Target 3 Number of Residues 664
Target 3 Molecular Weight 72691.0
Target 3 Theoretical pI 7.41
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
binding
nucleotide binding
purine nucleotide binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
FAD binding
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
catalytic activity
oxidoreductase activity
Process
energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
tricarboxylic acid cycle
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
electron transport
Component
Not Available
Target 3 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 3 Pathways Carbohydrate metabolism; tricarboxylic acid cycle
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 3 Domain Function PF00890:FAD_binding_2 PF02910:Succ_DH_flav_C
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 3 UniProtKB ID P31040 Link Image
Target 3 Cellular Location Mitochondrion inner membrane
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1995 bp 
ATGTCGGGGGTCCGGGGCCTGTCGCGGCTGCTGAGCGCTCGGCGCCTGGCGCTGGCCAAG
GCGTGGCCAACAGTGTTGCAAACAGGAACCCGAGGTTTTCACTTCACTGTTGATGGGAAC
AAGAGGGCATCTGCTAAAGTTTCAGATTCCATTTCTGCTCAGTATCCAGTAGTGGATCAT
GAATTTGATGCAGTGGTGGTAGGCGCTGGAGGGGCAGGCTTGCGAGCTGCATTTGGCCTT
TCTGAGGCAGGGTTTAATACAGCATGTGTTACCAAGCTGTTTCCTACCAGGTCACACACT
GTTGCAGCACAGGGAGGAATCAATGCTGCTCTGGGGAACATGGAGGAGGACAACTGGAGG
TGGCATTTCTACGACACCGTGAAGGGCTCCGACTGGCTGGGGGACCAGGATGCCATCCAC
TACATGACGGAGCAGGCCCCCGCCGCCGTGGTCGAGCTAGAAAATTATGGCATGCCGTTT
AGCAGAACTGAAGATGGGAAGATTTATCAGCGTGCATTTGGTGGACAGAGCCTCAAGTTT
GGAAAGGGCGGGCAGGCCCATCGGTGCTGCTGTGTGGCTGATCGGACTGGCCACTCGCTA
TTGCACACCTTATATGGACGGTCTCTGCGATATGATACCAGCTATTTTGTGGAGTATTTT
GCCTTGGATCTCCTGATGGAGAACGGGGAGTGCCGTGGTGTCATCGCACTGTGCATAGAG
GACGGGTCCATCCATCGCATAAGAGCAAAGAACACTGTTGTTGCCACAGGAGGCTACGGG
CGCACCTACTTCAGCTGCACGTCTGCCCACACCAGCACTGGCGACGGCACGGCCATGATC
ACCAGGGCAGGCCTTCCTTGCCAGGACCTAGAGTTTGTTCAGTTCCACCCTACAGGCATA
TATGGTGCTGGTTGTCTCATTACGGAAGGATGTCGTGGAGAGGGAGGCATTCTCATTAAC
AGTCAAGGCGAAAGGTTTATGGAGCGATACGCCCCTGTCGCGAAGGACCTGGCGTCTAGA
GATGTGGTGTCTCGGTCCATGACTCTGGAGATCCGAGAAGGAAGAGGCTGTGGCCCTGAG
AAAGATCACGTCTACCTGCAGCTGCACCACCTACCTCCAGAGCAGCTGGCCACGCGCCTG
CCTGGCATTTCAGAGACAGCCATGATCTTCGCTGGCGTGGACGTCACGAAGGAGCCGATC
CCTGTCCTCCCCACCGTGCATTATAACATGGGCGGCATTCCCACCAACTACAAGGGGCAG
GTCCTGAGGCACGTGAATGGCCAGGATCAGATTGTGCCCGGCCTGTACGCCTGTGGGGAG
GCCGCCTGTGCCTCGGTACATGGTGCCAACCGCCTCGGGGCAAACTCGCTCTTGGACCTG
GTTGTCTTTGGTCGGGCATGTGCCCTGAGCATCGAAGAGTCATGCAGGCCTGGAGATAAA
GTCCCTCCAATTAAACCAAACGCTGGGGAAGAATCTGTCATGAATCTTGACAAATTGAGA
TTTGCTGATGGAAGCATAAGAACATCGGAACTGCGACTCAGCATGCAGAAGTCAATGCAA
AATCATGCTGCCGTGTTCCGTGTGGGAAGCGTGTTGCAAGAAGGTTGTGGGAAAATCAGC
AAGCTCTATGGAGACCTAAAGCACCTGAAGACGTTCGACCGGGGAATGGTCTGGAACACG
GACCTGGTGGAGACCCTGGAGCTGCAGAACCTGATGCTGTGTGCGCTGCAGACCATCTAC
GGAGCAGAGGCACGGAAGGAGTCACGGGGCGCGCATGCCAGGGAAGACTACAAGGTGCGG
ATTGATGAGTACGATTACTCCAAGCCCATCCAGGGGCAACAGAAGAAGCCCTTTGAGGAG
CACTGGAGGAAGCACACCCTGTCCTATGTGGACGTTGGCACTGGGAAGGTCACTCTGGAA
TATAGACCCGTGATCGACAAAACTTTGAACGAGGCTGACTGTGCCACCGTCCCGCCAGCC
ATTCGCTCCTACTGA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 3 GeneCard ID SDHA Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID SDHA Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:10680 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 3 Locus 5p15
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 Toxin References
  • R259 - Melnick RL, Schiller CM: Mitochondrial toxicity of phthalate esters. Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Nov;45:51-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 3 General References 7798181; 8142412; 10746566; 15489334; 7550341; 15242332; 19628817; 12794685
Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 299
Target 4 Name Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial
Target 4 Mechanism of Action Di-n-butyl phthalate has been shown to exhibit toxic effects in liver mitochondria by uncoupling energy-linked processes and inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase. (R259)
Target 4 Description Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q)
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. Iron-sulfur subunit of complex II; Ip
Target 4 Gene Name SDHB
Target 4 Protein Sequence >Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial 
MAAVVALSLRRRLPATTLGGACLQASRGAQTAAATAPRIKKFAIYRWDPDKAGDKPHMQT
YEVDLNKCGPMVLDALIKIKNEVDSTLTFRRSCREGICGSCAMNINGGNTLACTRRIDTN
LNKVSKIYPLPHMYVIKDLVPDLSNFYAQYKSIEPYLKKKDESQEGKQQYLQSIEEREKL
DGLYECILCACCSTSCPSYWWNGDKYLGPAVLMQAYRWMIDSRDDFTEERLAKLQDPFSL
YRCHTIMNCTRTCPKGLNPGKAIAEIKKMMATYKEKKASV
Target 4 Number of Residues 280
Target 4 Molecular Weight 31629.4
Target 4 Theoretical pI 8.92
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
catalytic activity
oxidoreductase activity
binding
ion binding
cation binding
transition metal ion binding
iron ion binding
transporter activity
electron transporter activity
Process
energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
tricarboxylic acid cycle
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
electron transport
Component
cell
membrane
Target 4 General Function Energy production and conversion
Target 4 Pathways Carbohydrate metabolism; tricarboxylic acid cycle
Target 4 Reactions Not Available
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 4 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 4 Domain Function PF00111:Fer2
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 4 UniProtKB ID P21912 Link Image
Target 4 Cellular Location Mitochondrion inner membrane
Target 4 Gene Sequence >843 bp 
ATGGCGGCGGTGGTCGCACTCTCCTTGAGGCGCCGGTTGCCGGCCACAACCCTTGGCGGA
GCCTGCCTGCAGGCCTCCCGAGGAGCCCAGACAGCTGCAGCCACAGCTCCCCGTATCAAG
AAATTTGCCATCTATCGATGGGACCCAGACAAGGCTGGAGACAAACCTCATATGCAGACT
TATAAGGTTGACCTTAATAAATGTGGCCCCATGGTATTGGATGCTTTAATCAAGATTAAG
AATGAAGTTGACTCTACTTTGACCTTCCGAAGATCATGCAGAGAAGGCATCTGTGGCTCT
TGTGCAATGAACATCAATGGAGGCAACACTCTAGCTTGCACCCGAAGGATTGACACCAAC
CTCAATAAGGTCTCAAAAATCTACCCTCTTCCACACATGTATGTGATAAAGGATCTTGTT
CCCGATTTGAGCAACTTCTATGCACAGTACAAATCCATTGAGCCTTATTTGAAGAAGAAG
GATGAATCTCAGGAAGGCAAGCAGCAGTATCTGCAGTCCATAGAAGAGCGTGAGAAACTG
GACGGGCTCTACGAGTGCATTCTCTGTGCCTGCTGTAGCACCAGCTGCCCCAGCTACTGG
TGGAACGGAGACAAATATCTGGGGCCTGCAGTTCTTATGCAGGCCTATCGCTGGATGATT
GACTCCAGAGATGACTTCACAGAGGAGCGCCTGGCCAAGCTGCAGGACCCATTCTCTCTA
TACCGCTGCCACACCATCATGAACTGCACAAGGACCTGTCCTAAGGGTCTGAATCCAGGG
AAAGCTATTGCAGAGATCAAGAAAATGATGGCAACCTATAAGGAGAAGAAAGCTTCAGTT
TAA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 4 GeneCard ID SDHB Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID SDHB Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:10681 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 4 Locus 1p36.1-p35
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 Toxin References
  • R259 - Melnick RL, Schiller CM: Mitochondrial toxicity of phthalate esters. Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Nov;45:51-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 General References 7622059; 16710414; 15489334; 2302193; 2494655; 11404820; 12213855; 11897817
Target 5 [top]
Target 5 ID 46
Target 5 Name Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Target 5 Mechanism of Action Di-n-butyl phthalate causes peroxisome proliferation by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, which may lead to carcinogenic effects. (R262)
Target 5 Description Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl- 2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety (By similarity). Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene
Target 5 Synonyms
  1. PPAR-alpha; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 1
Target 5 Gene Name PPARA
Target 5 Protein Sequence >Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha 
MVDTESPLCPLSPLEAGDLESPLSEEFLQEMGNIQEISQSIGEDSSGSFGFTEYQYLGSC
PGSDGSVITDTLSPASSPSSVTYPVVPGSVDESPSGALNIECRICGDKASGYHYGVHACE
GCKGFFRRTIRLKLVYDKCDRSCKIQKKNRNKCQYCRFHKCLSVGMSHNAIRFGRMPRSE
KAKLKAEILTCEHDIEDSETADLKSLAKRIYEAYLKNFNMNKVKARVILSGKASNNPPFV
IHDMETLCMAEKTLVAKLVANGIQNKEAEVRIFHCCQCTSVETVTELTEFAKAIPGFANL
DLNDQVTLLKYGVYEAIFAMLSSVMNKDGMLVAYGNGFITREFLKSLRKPFCDIMEPKFD
FAMKFNALELDDSDISLFVAAIICCGDRPGLLNVGHIEKMQEGIVHVLRLHLQSNHPDDI
FLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQLVQIIKKTESDAALHPLLQEIYRDMY
Target 5 Number of Residues 468
Target 5 Molecular Weight 52224.6
Target 5 Theoretical pI 6.20
Target 5 GO Classification
Function
steroid hormone receptor activity
transcription factor activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
Process
regulation of biological process
regulation of physiological process
regulation of metabolism
regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
organelle
membrane-bound organelle
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
Target 5 General Function Involved in drug binding
Target 5 Pathways Not Available
Target 5 Reactions Not Available
Target 5 Signals
  • None
Target 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 5 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 5 Domain Function PF00104:Hormone_recep PF00105:zf-C4
Target 5 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 5 UniProtKB ID Q07869 Link Image
Target 5 Cellular Location Nucleus
Target 5 Gene Sequence >1407 bp 
ATGGTGGACACGGAAAGCCCACTCTGCCCCCTCTCCCCACTCGAGGCCGGCGATCTAGAG
AGCCCGTTATCTGAAGAGTTCCTGCAAGAAATGGGAAACATCCAAGAGATTTCGCAATCC
ATCGGCGAGGATAGTTCTGGAAGCTTTGGCTTTACGGAATACCAGTATTTAGGAAGCTGT
CCTGGCTCAGATGGCTCGGTCATCACGGACACGCTTTCACCAGCTTCGAGCCCCTCCTCG
GTGACTTATCCTGTGGTCCCCGGCAGCGTGGACGAGTCTCCCAGTGGAGCATTGAACATC
GAATGTAGAATCTGCGGGGACAAGGCCTCAGGCTATCATTACGGAGTCCACGCGTGTGAA
GGCTGCAAGGGCTTCTTTCGGCGAACGATTCGACTCAAGCTGGTGTATGACAAGTGCGAC
CGCAGCTGCAAGATCCAGAAAAAGAACAGAAACAAATGCCAGTATTGTCGATTTCACAAG
TGCCTTTCTGTCGGGATGTCACACAACGCGATTCGTTTTGGACGAATGCCAAGATCTGAG
AAAGCAAAACTGAAAGCAGAAATTCTTACCTGTGAACATGACATAGAAGATTCTGAAACT
GCAGATCTCAAATCTCTGGCCAAGAGAATCTACGAGGCCTACTTGAAGAACTTCAACATG
AACAAGGTCAAAGCCCGGGTCATCCTCTCAGGAAAGGCCAGTAACAATCCACCTTTTGTC
ATACATGATATGGAGACACTGTGTATGGCTGAGAAGACGCTGGTGGCCAAGCTGGTGGCC
AATGGCATCCAGAACAAGGAGGTGGAGGTCCGCATCTTTCACTGCTGCCAGTGCACGTCA
GTGGAGACCGTCACGGAGCTCACGGAATTCGCCAAGGCCATCCCAGCGTTCGCAAACTTG
GACCTGAACGATCAAGTGACATTGCTAAAATACGGAGTTTATGAGGCCATATTCGCCATG
CTGTCTTCTGTGATGAACAAAGACGGGATGCTGGTAGCGTATGGAAATGGGTTTATAACT
CGTGAATTCCTAAAAAGCCTAAGGAAACCGTTCTGTGATATCATGGAACCCAAGTTTGAT
TTTGCCATGAAGTTCAATGCACTGGAACTGGATGACAGTGATATCTCCCTTTTTGTGGCT
GCTATCATTTGCTGTGGAGATCGTCCTGGCCTTCTAAACGTAGGACACATTGAAAAAATG
CAGGAGGGTATTGTACATGTGCTCAGACTCCACCTGCAGAGCAACCACCCGGACGATATC
TTTCTCTTCCCAAAACTTCTTCAAAAAATGGCAGACCTCCGGCAGCTGGTGACGGAGCAT
GCGCAGCTGGTGCAGATCATCAAGAAGACGGAGTCGGATGCTGCGCTGCACCCGCTACTG
CAGGAGATCTACAGGGACATGTACTGA
Target 5 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 5 GeneCard ID PPARA Link Image
Target 5 GenAtlas ID PPARA Link Image
Target 5 HGNC ID HGNC:9232 Link Image
Target 5 Chromosome Location Chromosome:22
Target 5 Locus 22q12-q13.1|22q13.31
Target 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 5 Toxin References
  • R262 - Lapinskas PJ, Brown S, Leesnitzer LM, Blanchard S, Swanson C, Cattley RC, Corton JC: Role of PPARalpha in mediating the effects of phthalates and metabolites in the liver. Toxicology. 2005 Feb 1;207(1):149-63. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 5 General References 7684926; 7981125; 8993548; 18619963; 19263263; 15461802; 14702039; 10591208
Target 6 [top]
Target 6 ID 532
Target 6 Name Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Target 6 Mechanism of Action Di-n-butyl phthalate causes peroxisome proliferation by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, which may lead to carcinogenic effects. (R262)
Target 6 Description Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis
Target 6 Synonyms
  1. PPAR-gamma; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3
Target 6 Gene Name PPARG
Target 6 Protein Sequence >Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 
MGETLGDSPIDPESDSFTDTLSANISQEMTMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMEDHSHSF
DIKPFTTVDFSSISTPHYEDIPFTRTDPVVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKT
QLYNKPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNC
RIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLR
ALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQE
QSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLAS
LMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVII
LSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQL
LQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY
Target 6 Number of Residues 505
Target 6 Molecular Weight 57619.6
Target 6 Theoretical pI 5.77
Target 6 GO Classification
Function
steroid hormone receptor activity
transcription factor activity
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
binding
nucleic acid binding
DNA binding
Process
regulation of biological process
regulation of physiological process
regulation of metabolism
regulation of cellular metabolism
regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
regulation of transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
organelle
membrane-bound organelle
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
Target 6 General Function Involved in arachidonic acid binding
Target 6 Pathways Not Available
Target 6 Reactions Not Available
Target 6 Signals
  • None
Target 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 6 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 6 Domain Function PF00104:Hormone_recep PF00105:zf-C4
Target 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 6 UniProtKB ID P37231 Link Image
Target 6 Cellular Location Nucleus
Target 6 Gene Sequence Not Available
Target 6 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 6 GeneCard ID PPARG Link Image
Target 6 GenAtlas ID PPARG Link Image
Target 6 HGNC ID HGNC:9236 Link Image
Target 6 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 6 Locus 3p25
Target 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 6 Toxin References
  • R262 - Lapinskas PJ, Brown S, Leesnitzer LM, Blanchard S, Swanson C, Cattley RC, Corton JC: Role of PPARalpha in mediating the effects of phthalates and metabolites in the liver. Toxicology. 2005 Feb 1;207(1):149-63. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 6 General References 9065481; 8702406; 9144532; 7787419; 9356045; 8706692; 14702039

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government.