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Showing toxin card for Phosphorus (T3D0019)

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Version 1.0
Creation Date 2009-03-06 18:57:56
Update Date 2010-03-18 21:52:15
Accession Number T3D0019
Name Phosphorus
Compound Type
  • Inorganic Compound
  • Non-Metal
Description White phosphorus is an allotrope of elemental phosphorus. It does not occur naturally, but is manufactured from phosphate rocks. Since it is a smoke-producing and incendiary agent, it has many military applications, especially in smokescreens, bombs, artillery, and mortars. It is also used by industry to produce phosphoric acid and other chemicals for use in fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. (R156, R157)
Synonyms
  1. Hittorf's phosphorus
  2. Oligostim Phosphore - Tab 6dh
  3. Pekana - phosphorus
  4. Phosphate-novartis
  5. Phosphorous
  6. Phosphorus Pwr 6x
  7. Phosphorus Tri-Iodatus 3ch - 30ch
  8. Phosphorus flavus
  9. Phosphorus homaccord
  10. Phosphorus-30
  11. Red phosphorus
  12. Tonimine liq
  13. White phosphorus
Chemical IUPAC Name phosphanylidyne
Chemical Formula P
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 7723-14-0
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/P
InChI Key InChIKey=OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem Compound ID 5462309 Link Image
KEGG ID C06262 Link Image
UniProt ID Not Available
OMIM ID 168470 602079 606656 Link Image
ChEBI ID 28659 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
SuperToxic ID Not Available
CTD ID D010758 Link Image
Stitch ID Phosphorus, white Link Image
DrugBank ID Not Available
PDB ID Not Available
ACToR ID 6567
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus Link Image
Monoisotopic Mass 30.973762
MOL File Show
PDB File Show
SDF File Show
SMILES [P]
Appearance White solid that becomes yellow when exposed to light.
Melting Point 44.1 °C
Solubility 0.0033 mg/mL at 15 oC [KIRK-OTHMER; on-line (2005)]
Predicted LogP 0.3
Route of Exposure Oral (R516) ; inhalation (R516) ; dermal (R516)
Mechanism of Action Exposure to white phosphorus has been shown to damage the rough endoplasmic reticulum and cause a disaggregation of polyribosomes. This damage results in impairment of protein synthesis, in particular, a decrease in the synthesis of the apolipoprotein portion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which are required for the transport of triglycerides. This causes an accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, resulting in steatosis and fibrosis. White phosphorus also damages the mitochondia, impairing a cell’s ability to produce ATP and resulting in necrosis. The mitochondrial damage may also inhibit fatty acid oxidation, which could result in an accumulation of fat in the organs. Excess phosphorus decreases the absorption of intercellular calcified cartilage matrix by osteoclasts in the metaphyseal region of growing bones, decreasing the rate of growth of long bones. It may also enhance deposition of calcium by activating sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1, bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4, leptin, endogenous 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D, vascular calcification activating factor, and measures of oxidative stress. (R156, R208)
Metabolism Phosphorus may be absorbed from ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact and is widely distributed throughout the body, especially in the liver, kidney, blood, spleen, and brain. Since white phosphorus is highly reactive in the presence of oxygen, it is likely rapidly converted to its oxidation products prior to absorption into the body. Little is known about the metabolism of white phosphorus in the body, although the oxo acids of phophorus are known to be found in the bloodstream. Phosphorus in the body is regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, and fibroblast growth factor 23. (R156, R207)
Toxicity Values Not Available
Lethal Dose 50 mg for an adult human. (R270)
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) Not Available
Uses/Sources White phosphorus is used in many military applications, especially in smokescreens, bombs, artillery, and mortars. It is also used by industry to produce phosphoric acid and other chemicals for use in fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. (R156)
Minimum Risk Level Acute Inhalation: 0.02 mg/m3 (R260) Intermediate Oral: 0.0002 mg/kg/day (R260)
Health Effects Exposure to white phosphorus may cause liver, heart, or kidney damage. It can also result in death. Breathing white phosphorus for long periods may cause a condition known as "phossy jaw", which involves poor wound healing of the mouth and breakdown of the jaw bone. Anemia and leukopenia in people chronically exposed to airborne white phosphorus. (R156)
Symptoms Breathing white phosphorus for short periods may cause coughing and irritation of the throat and lungs. Eating or drinking small amounts of white phosphorus may cause stomach cramps, or drowsiness. (R156)
Treatment Ingestion of white phosphorus can be treated with gastric lavage. Otherwise, treatment is mainly symptomatic. (R156)
General References
  • R156 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1997). Toxicological profile for white phosphorus. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
  • R270 - HSDB: Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine (2001).
  • R208 - McCullough PA, Chinnaiyan KM, Agrawal V, Danielewicz E, Abela GS: Amplification of atherosclerotic calcification and Monckeberg's sclerosis: a spectrum of the same disease process. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2008 Oct;15(4):396-412. [PubMed Link Image]
  • R260 - ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
  • R207 - Doyle ME, Jan de Beur SM: The skeleton: endocrine regulator of phosphate homeostasis. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2008 Dec;6(4):134-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  • R157 - Wikipedia. Allotropes of phosphorus. Last Updated 30 March 2009.
Targets
  1. Leptin
  2. Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1
Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 210
Target 1 Name Leptin
Target 1 Mechanism of Action Phosphorus may enhance deposition of calcium by activating leptin. (R207)
Target 1 Description May function as part of a signaling pathway that acts to regulate the size of the body fat depot. An increase in the level of LEP may act directly or indirectly on the CNS to inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure as part of a homeostatic mechanism to maintain constancy of the adipose mass
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Obesity factor; Obese protein
Target 1 Gene Name LEP
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Leptin 
MHWGTLCGFLWLWPYLFYVQAVPIQKVQDDTKTLIKTIVTRINDISHTQSVSSKQKVTGL
DFIPGLHPILTLSKMDQTLAVYQQILTSMPSRNVIQISNDLENLRDLLHVLAFSKSCHLP
WASGLETLDSLGGVLEASGYSTEVVALSRLQGSLQDMLWQLDLSPGC
Target 1 Number of Residues 167
Target 1 Molecular Weight 18640.4
Target 1 Theoretical pI 6.34
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor binding
hormone activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
extracellular region
Target 1 General Function Involved in hormone activity
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Signals
  • 1-21
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 1 Domain Function PF02024:Leptin
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 1 UniProtKB ID P41159 Link Image
Target 1 Cellular Location Secreted
Target 1 Gene Sequence Not Available
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 1 GeneCard ID LEP Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID LEP Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:6553 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 1 Locus 7q31.3
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 Toxin References
  • R207 - Doyle ME, Jan de Beur SM: The skeleton: endocrine regulator of phosphate homeostasis. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2008 Dec;6(4):134-41. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 General References 7984236; 7789654; 8626726; 7499240; 8621021; 15489334
Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 293
Target 2 Name Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1
Target 2 Mechanism of Action Phosphorus may enhance deposition of calcium by activating sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1. (R207)
Target 2 Description Sodium-phosphate symporter which plays a fundamental housekeeping role in phosphate transport, such as absorbing phosphate from interstitial fluid for normal cellular functions such as cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and nucleic acid and lipid synthesis. May play a role in extracellular matrix and cartilage calcification as well as in vascular calcification. May function as a retroviral receptor as it confers human cells susceptibility to infection to Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus (GaLV), Simian sarcoma-associated virus (SSAV) and Feline leukemia virus subgroup B (FeLV-B) as well as 10A1 murine leukemia virus (10A1 MLV)
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Solute carrier family 20 member 1; Phosphate transporter 1; PiT-1; Gibbon ape leukemia virus receptor 1; GLVR-1; Leukemia virus receptor 1 homolog
Target 2 Gene Name SLC20A1
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 
MATLITSTTAATAASGPLVDYLWMLILGFIIAFVLAFSVGANDVANSFGTAVGSGVVTLK
QACILASIFETVGSVLLGAKVSETIRKGLIDVEMYNSTQGLLMAGSVSAMFGSAVWQLVA
SFLKLPISGTHCIVGATIGFSLVAKGQEGVKWSELIKIVMSWFVSPLLSGIMSGILFFLV
RAFILHKADPVPNGLRALPVFYACTVGINLFSIMYTGAPLLGFDKLPLWGTILISVGCAV
FCALIVWFFVCPRMKRKIEREIKCSPSESPLMEKKNSLKEDHEETKLSVGDIENKHPVSE
VGPATVPLQAVVEERTVSFKLGDLEEAPERERLPSVDLKEETSIDSTVNGAVQLPNGNLV
QFSQAVSNQINSSGHYQYHTVHKDSGLYKELLHKLHLAKVGDCMGDSGDKPLRRNNSYTS
YTMAICGMPLDSFRAKEGEQKGEEMEKLTWPNADSKKRIRMDSYTSYCNAVSDLHSASEI
DMSVKAEMGLGDRKGSNGSLEEWYDQDKPEVSLLFQFLQILTACFGSFAHGGNDVSNAIG
PLVALYLVYDTGDVSSKVATPIWLLLYGGVGICVGLWVWGRRVIQTMGKDLTPITPSSGF
SIELASALTVVIASNIGLPISTTHCKVGSVVSVGWLRSKKAVDWRLFRNIFMAWFVTVPI
SGVISAAIMAIFRYVILRM
Target 2 Number of Residues 679
Target 2 Molecular Weight 73699.0
Target 2 Theoretical pI 7.08
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
transporter activity
ion transporter activity
anion transporter activity
inorganic anion transporter activity
phosphate transporter activity
inorganic phosphate transporter activity
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
ion transport
anion transport
inorganic anion transport
phosphate transport
Component
cell
membrane
Target 2 General Function Inorganic ion transport and metabolism
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 21-41
  • 62-82
  • 100-120
  • 158-178
  • 203-223
  • 230-250
  • 511-531
  • 558-578
  • 600-620
  • 650-670
Target 2 Essentiality Non Essential
Target 2 Domain Function PF01384:PHO4
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 2 UniProtKB ID Q8WUM9 Link Image
Target 2 Cellular Location Membrane
Target 2 Gene Sequence >2040 bp 
ATGGCAACGCTGATTACCAGTACTACAGCTGCTACCGCCGCTTCTGGTCCTTTGGTGGAC
TACCTATGGATGCTCATCCTGGGCTTCATTATTGCATTTGTCTTGGCATTCTCCGTGGGA
GCCAATGATGTAGCAAATTCTTTTGGTACAGCTGTGGGCTCAGGTGTAGTGACCCTGAAG
CAAGCCTGCATCCTAGCTAGCATCTTTGAAACAGTGGGCTCTGTCTTACTGGGGGCCAAA
GTGAGCGAAACCATCCGGAAGGGCTTGATTGACGTGGAGATGTACAACTCGACTCAAGGG
CTACTGATGGCCGGCTCAGTCAGTGCTATGTTTGGTTCTGCTGTGTGGCAACTCGTGGCT
TCGTTTTTGAAGCTCCCTATTTCTGGAACCCATTGTATTGTTGGTGCAACTATTGGTTTC
TCCCTCGTGGCAAAGGGGCAGGAGGGTGTCAAGTGGTCTGAACTGATAAAAATTGTGATG
TCTTGGTTCGTGTCCCCACTGCTTTCTGGAATTATGTCTGGAATTTTATTCTTCCTGGTT
CGTGCATTCATCCTCCATAAGGCAGATCCAGTTCCTAATGGTTTGCGAGCTTTGCCAGTT
TTCTATGCCTGCACAGTTGGAATAAACCTCTTTTCCATCATGTATACTGGAGCACCGTTG
CTGGGCTTTGACAAACTTCCTCTGTGGGGTACCATCCTCATCTCGGTGGGATGTGCAGTT
TTCTGTGCCCTTATCGTCTGGTTCTTTGTATGTCCCAGGATGAAGAGAAAAATTGAACGA
GAAATAAAGTGTAGTCCTTCTGAAAGCCCCTTAATGGAAAAAAAGAATAGCTTGAAAGAA
GACCATGAAGAAACAAAGTTGTCTGTTGGTGATATTGAAAACAAGCATCCTGTTTCTGAG
GTAGGGCCTGCCACTGTGCCCCTCCAGGCTGTGGTGGAGGAGAGAACAGTCTCATTCAAA
CTTGGAGATTTGGAGGAAGCTCCAGAGAGAGAGAGGCTTCCCAGCGTGGACTTGAAAGAG
GAAACCAGCATAGATAGCACCGTGAATGGTGCAGTGCAGTTGCCTAATGGGAACCTTGTC
CAGTTCAGTCAAGCCGTCAGCAACCAAATAAACTCCAGTGGCCACTCCCAGTATCACACC
GTGCATAAGGATTCCGGCCTGTACAAAGAGCTACTCCATAAATTACATCTTGCCAAGGTG
GGAGATTGCATGGGAGACTCCGGTGACAAACCCTTAAGGCGCAATAATAGCTATACTTCC
TATACCATGGCAATATGTGGCATGCCTCTGGATTCATTCCGTGCCAAAGAAGGTGAACAG
AAGGGCGAAGAAATGGAGAAGCTGACATGGCCTAATGCAGACTCCAAGAAGCGAATTCGA
ATGGACAGTTACACCAGTTACTGCAATGCTGTGTCTGACCTTCACTCAGCATCTGAGATA
GACATGAGTGTCAAGGCAGCGATGGGTCTAGGTGACAGAAAAGGAAGTAATGGCTCTCTA
GAAGAATGGTATGACCAGGATAAGCCTGAAGTCTCTCTCCTCTTCCAGTTCCTGCAGATC
CTTACAGCCTGCTTTGGGTCATTCGCCCATGGTGGCAATGACGTAAGCAATGCCATTGGG
CCTCTGGTTGCTTTATATTTGGTTTATGACACAGGAGATGTTTCTTCAAAAGTGGCAACA
CCAATATGGCTTCTACTCTATGGTGGTGTTGGTATCTGTGTTGGTCTGTGGGTTTGGGGA
AGAAGAGTTATCCAGACCATGGGGAAGGATCTGACACCGATCACACCCTCTAGTGGCTTC
AGTATTGAACTGGCATCTGCCCTCACTGTGGTGATTGCATCAAATATTGGCCTTCCCATC
AGTACAACACATTGTAAAGTGGGCTCTGTTGTGTCTGTTGGCTGGCTCCGGTCCAAGAAG
GCTGTTGACTGGCGTCTCTTTCGTAACATTTTTATGGCCTGGTTTGTCACAGTCCCCATT
TCTGGAGTTATCAGTGCTGCCATCATGGCAATCTTCAGATATGTCATCCTCAGAATGTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID Not Available
Target 2 GeneCard ID SLC20A1 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID SLC20A1 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:10946 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 2 Locus 2q11-q14
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 Toxin References
  • R207 - Doyle ME, Jan de Beur SM: The skeleton: endocrine regulator of phosphate homeostasis. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2008 Dec;6(4):134-41. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 General References 2078500; 15815621; 15489334; 9889306; 1309898; 1531369; 8411375; 7929240; 7966619; 8041748

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