id,title,created_at,updated_at,common_name,type,synonyms,description,organism,cas,pubchem,uniprot,kegg_compound,omim,chebi,biocyc,supertoxic,ctd,stitch,actor,pdb,drugbank,wikipedia,inchi,iupac,mol,smiles_isomeric,smiles_canonical,chemical_formula,weight,appearance,melting_point,boiling_point,density,solubility,specific_gravity,flash_point,vapour_pressure,route_of_exposure,interacting_proteins,mechanism_of_action,metabolism,toxicity,lethaldose,carcinogenicity,use_source,min_risk_level,health_effects,symptoms,treatment,targets
2,T3D0001,2009-03-06 18:57:53 UTC,2009-08-26 21:35:14 UTC,Arsenic,Inorganic Compound;Metalloid;Arsenic Compound,"ARSARSENIC, 99.999%ASAgent saArsenArsen [german,polish]Arsenic [UN1558] [Poison]Arsenic and arsenic compoundsArsenic and certain arsenic compoundsArsenic and compoundsArsenic atomic absorption standard solutionArsenic blackArsenic compoundsArsenic elementalArsenic hydrideArsenic hydride (AsH3)Arsenic trihydrideArsenic, elementalArsenic, inorganicArsenic, organic compoundsArsenic, water-soluble compounds, n.o.sArsenic, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s.Arsenic-75ArsenicalsArsenicoArsenicumArsenicum Album 3ch-30ch GranulesArsenicum Drops D3-C1000Arsenicum Iodatum 3ch-30chArseniuretted hydrogenArsenous hydrideArsenowodor [polish]Arsenwasserstoff [german]ArsineArsine [UN2188] [Poison gas]CACColloidal arsenicCompounds, arsenicFowler's solutionGray arsenicGrey arsenicHydrogen arsenideMetallic arsenicTrisenox","Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. This is a notoriously poisonous metalloid that has many allotropic forms: yellow (molecular non-metallic) and several black and grey forms (metalloids) are a few that are seen. Three metalloidal forms of arsenic with different crystal structures are found free in nature (the minerals arsenopyrite and the much rarer arsenolamprite and pararsenolamprite), but it is more commonly found as arsenide and arsenate compounds. Several hundred such mineral species are known. 
(R004)",,7440-38-2,5359596,,C06269,"",27563,CPD-763,,D001151,Arsenic,6367,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic,InChI=1/As/q+3,arsenic,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[As+3],[As+3],[As]3+,74.921600,Grey metallic solid.,> 615 °C,614 °C ,5.778 g/cm3,"",5.727,Not flammable,7.5x10-3 mmHg at 280 °C,Oral Inhalation Dermal (R009),"Metallothionein-2 (P02795) 
Metallothionein-1G (P13640) 
Metallothionein-1H (P80294) 
Metallothionein-3 (P25713) 
Metallothionein-1F (P04733) 
Metallothionein-1E (P04732) 
Metallothionein-1X (P80297) 
Metallothionein-1A (P04731) 
Metallothionein-1B (P07438) 
Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339) 
Metallothionein-4 (P47944) 
Metallothionein-1L (Q93083) 
Arsenite methyltransferase (Q9HBK9) (R164)","Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carcinogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (R001, R054)","Arsenic is absorbed mainly by inhalation or ingestion, as to a lesser extent, dermal exposure. It is then distributed throughout the body, where it is reduced into arsenite if necessary, then methylated into monomethylarsenic (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) by arsenite methyltransferase. Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. Arsenic is known to induce the metal-binding protein metallothionein, which decreases the toxic effects of arsenic and other metals by binding them and making them biologically inactive, as well as acting as an antioxidant. (R055)","LD50: 763 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 13.4 ug/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R263)",130 mg for an adult human. (R265),"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Arsenic is used in pesticides, wood preservatives, paints/pigments, and various metal alloys (electronics). Small amounts of arensic can be found in contaminated air, water, and some meat products, especially seafood. (R009)","Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (R260)","Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, especially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (R001, R055)","Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of “pins and needles” in hands and feet. Breathing high levels of inorganic arsenic can give you a sore throat or irritated lungs. Arsenic also affects the brain, causing neurological disturbances such as headaches, confusion, and drowsiness. (R002)","Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (R055)",P29803;P68871;P69905;P00738;P03372;P04150;P00390;Q14145;P09874;P07437;Q16881;Q9NNW7;Q86VQ6;P23025;Q71U36;P68363;Q9BQE3;Q13748;Q6PEY2;P68366;Q9NY65;Q9H4B7;Q13885;Q9BVA1;P68371;Q13509;P04350;Q9BUF5;Q3ZCM7;P10515;P08559;P11177;O00330;P60709;P63261;P68032;P68133;P62736;P63267;A6NHL2;A6NNZ2;A6NKZ8 ;Q99867;Q9H853
3,T3D0002,2009-03-06 18:57:54 UTC,2009-08-26 21:41:46 UTC,Lead,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Lead Compound,"C.I. Pigment metal 4GloverHaro Mix CE-701Haro Mix CK-711Haro Mix MH-204Lead (II) ionLead S2Lead ionLead ion (Pb2+)Lead(2+)Lead(2+) ionLead(2+) ionsLead(2+)ionsLead(II) cationLead, ion (Pb2+)Lead, isotope of mass 239Metallic elementOLOWOmahaPBPlumbumPlumbum Pwr 6xPlumbum aceticumPlumbum iodatumPlumbum phosphoricum","Lead is a heavy metal and stable element with the symbol Pb and the atomic number 82, existing in metallic, organic, and inorganic forms. It is mainly found in nature as the mineral galena (PbS), cerussite (PbCO3) or anglesite (PbSO4), usually in ore with zinc, silver, or copper. Lead is highly malleable and corrosion-resistant, with its use being traced back to ancient times. Inicidences of lead poisoning have also been documented in these ancient Greek, Roman, and Chinese societies. (R056)",,7439-92-1,73212,"",C06696,150500,27889,CPD-527,,D007854,Lead,6472,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead,InChI=1/Pb/q+2,lead,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/2bbe569d4154ae1585c0c597135dabe2_1237932030.mol,[Pb++],[Pb++],[Pb]2+,207.976654,"Bluish-white metallic solid, turns grey when exposed to air.",327.5 °C,1740 °C ,11.34 g/cm3,"",11.3,Not flammable,1.77 mmHg at 1000 °C,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal 
(R266)","Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (P13716) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
Metallothionein-2 (P02795) 
Metallothionein-1G (P13640) 
Metallothionein-1H (P80294) 
Metallothionein-3 (P25713) 
Metallothionein-1F (P04733) 
Metallothionein-1E (P04732) 
Metallothionein-1X (P80297) 
Metallothionein-1A (P04731) 
Metallothionein-1B (P07438) 
Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339) 
Metallothionein-4 (P47944) 
Metallothionein-1L (Q93083)
(R266)","Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (R008, R061, R063, R266)","Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (R266)","","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Lead is used extensively in building construction and can also be found in batteries, ammunition, non-Western cosmetics, solder, and pipes. Old paints and ceramic products may also contain lead, though recent legislation has banned its use. (R266)",Chronic Inhalation: 0.05 mg/m3 (R260),"Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (R056)","Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (R007, R056)","Lead poisoning is usually treated with chelation therapy using DMSA, EDTA, or dimercaprol. (R056)",P22830;P13716;Q05586;Q13224;Q12879;O60391;Q14957;O15399;P62158;P62328;P07108;P17252;P05771;P05129;Q05655;P41743;Q02156;P24723;Q04759;Q05513;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;Q8TCU5
4,T3D0003,2009-03-06 18:57:54 UTC,2009-08-26 21:53:40 UTC,Mercury,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Mercury Compound,"AzogueBlue massBlue pillCaswell No. 546Colloidal mercuryHGHGNHydrargyrumKWIKKwik [dutch]Liquid silverMarceroMercureMercure [french]MercurioMercurio [italian]Mercurius Drops C6-C1000Mercurius Vivus 4ch-30ch Gran and GlobMercury [UN2809] [Corrosive]Mercury atomic absorption standard solutionMercury atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g HgMercury massMercury metal [mercury and mercury compounds]Mercury vaporMercury vapor (as HG)Mercury(II) chloride solutionMercury(II) nitrate solutionMercury, elementalMercury, elemental and inorganic formsMercury, metallicMercury, vaporMetallic mercuryQuecksilberQuecksilber [german]Quick silverQuicksilverRCRA waste no. U151RTECRathjeRcra waste number U151Rtec [polish]UN 2024 (liquid compounds)mercury(0)","A heavy, silvery d-block metal, mercury is one of six elements that are liquid at or near room temperature and pressure. It is a naturally occuring substance, and combines with other elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen to form inorganic mercury compounds (salts). Mercury also combines with carbon to make organic mercury compounds. It is mostly obtained by reduction from the mineral cinnabar. (R005)",,7439-97-6,23931,,C01319,"",16170,CPD-29,,D008628,Mercury,6477,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury,InChI=1/Hg,mercury,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/05fb46ec3f5a13fb5558261feed933fc_1237932209.mol,[Hg++],[Hg++],[Hg]2+,201.970642,Silver metallic liquid.,-38.8 °C,"","","6e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [ROSENBLATT,DH et al. (1975)]","","","","Inhalation 
Ingestion 
(R022)","Metallothionein-2 (P02795) Metallothionein-1G (P13640) Metallothionein-1H (P80294) Metallothionein-3 (P25713) Metallothionein-1F (P04733) Metallothionein-1E (P04732) Metallothionein-1X (P80297) Metallothionein-1A (P04731) Metallothionein-1B (P07438) Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339) Metallothionein-4 (P47944) Metallothionein-1L (Q93083) Catalase (P04040) Hemoglobin subunit alpha (P69905) Hemoglobin subunit beta (P68871) Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (P69891) Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 (P69892) Hemoglobin subunit delta (P02042) Hemoglobin subunit epsilon (P02100) Hemoglobin subunit theta-1 (P09105) Hemoglobin subunit zeta (P02008) Hemoglobin subunit mu (Q6B0K9) (R022, R164)","High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Organic mercury exerts developmental effects by binding to tubulin, preventing microtubule assembly and causing mitotic inhibition. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. (R022, R025, R066, R067)","Mercury is absorbed mainly via ingestion and inhalation, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream, where a portion binds to sulfhydryl groups on haemoglobin. Being lipid soluble, mercury vapor readily enters the red blood cells and the central nervous system following inhalation exposure. Once inside the cell, mercury vapor can undergo oxidation to mercuric mercury, which takes place via the catalase–hydrogen peroxide pathway. The mercury atom is able to diffuse down the cleft in the catalase enzyme to reach the active site where the heme ring is located. Oxidation most likely occurs in all tissue, as the catalase hydrogen peroxide pathway is ubiquitous. Following oxidation, mercury tends to accumulate in the kidneys. Organic and elemental mercury can also penetrate the placenta and blood-brain barrier, and thus also accumulate in the brain. Mercury is excreted mainly by exhalation and in the faeces. (R021, R022)","",Lethal dose is 1 to 4 grams or 14 to 57 mg/kg for a 70-kg adult human. (R024),"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","Metallic mercury is used to produce chlorine gas and caustic soda, and is also used in thermometers, dental fillings, and batteries. Mercury salts are sometimes used in skin lightening creams and as antiseptic creams and ointments. (R022)",Chronic Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (R260),"Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. (R022)","Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). (R020)","Mercury poisoning is treated by immediate decontamination and chelation therapy using DMSA, DMPS, DPCN, or dimercaprol. (R023)",P05186;P29972;Q96PS8;Q8NBQ7;Q8IXF9;A6NM10;P41181;Q92482;P55087;P55064;Q13520;O14520;O94778;O43315;P30301;P17252;P05771;Q05655;Q02156;P24723;P05129;P41743;Q04759;Q05513;P06239;A6NKZ8 ;Q99867;Q9H853;A6NHL2;Q71U36;P68363;Q9BQE3;Q13748;Q6PEY2;P68366;Q9NY65;P07437;Q9H4B7;Q13885;Q9BVA1;P68371;Q13509;P04350;Q9BUF5;Q3ZCM7;A6NNZ2;Q9UJT1;Q9UJT0;P23258;Q9NRH3
5,T3D0004,2009-03-06 18:57:54 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:25 UTC,Vinyl chloride,Organic Compound;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Organochloride,"1-ChloroethyleneArmodourAron TS 700Atactic poly(vinyl chloride)BakeliteBoltaronC2H3ClCarinaChloretheneChlorethyleneChloride, vinylChloroetheneChloroethene homopolymerChloroethyleneChloroethylene homopolymerise [french]Chloroethylene polymerChloroethylene, polymerChlorure de vinyleChlorure de vinyle [french]CloroetilenoCloruro de viniloCloruro di vinileCloruro di vinile [italian]Corvic 55/9DacovinDarvic 110DynadurEkavyl SD 2Ethene, chloro-, homopolymerEthylene monochlorideEthylene, chloro-Ethylene, chloro-, polymerExpanded polyvinyl chlorideFlocorGEON 51GenothermHalvic 223HostalitInChI=1/C2H3Cl/c1-2-3/h2H,1HMonochloroetheneMonochloroethyleneMonovinyl chloridePVCPoly(vinyl chloride)Poly(vinyl chloride) carboxylatedPoly(vinyl chloride-co-acrylic acid)Polyvinyl chloridePolyvinyl chloride resinPolyvinylchloridePolyvinylchloride latexRCRA waste no. U043Rcra waste number U043Resinite 90TrovidurVCVCMVinileVinile (cloruro di) [italian]Vinyl cVinyl c monomerVinyl chlorideVinyl chloride chloroethyleneVinyl chloride monomerVinyl chloride, inhibitedVinyl chlorineVinylchloridVinylchlorid [german]VinylchlorideVinyle(chlorure de)Vinyle(chlorure de) [french]Winylu chlorekWinylu chlorek [polish]","Vinyl chloride is a man-made organic compound, formed when other substances such as trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene are broken down. In its monomer form it is acutely hazardous, thus it is primarily used for the production of polymers. At room temperature it is a flammable, colorless gas with a sweet odor, but it is easily condensed and usually stored as a liquid. (R010)",,75-01-4,6338,,C06793,"",28509,11-DCE,,D014752,Vinyl chloride,1466,,,,"InChI=1/C2H3Cl/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2",chloroethene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/2b811af09c998820d8fe98805eb12908_1237932391.mol,C=CCl,C=CCl,C2H3Cl,61.992330,"Colorless gas, usually stored as a liquid.",-153.7 °C,-13.37 °C,0.91 g/ml,"8.8 mg/mL at 25 °C [DELASSUS,PT & SCHMIDT,DD (1981)]",0.9121,-78 °C,2600 mmHg at 25 °C,Oral Inhalation Dermal (R010),"Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) 
Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) 
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) 
Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) 
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) 
Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) 
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) 
Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) 
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) 
(R010)","Vinyl chloride poisoning exhibits many of the characteristics of autoimmune diseases. This is believed to be the result of a reactive vinyl chloride intermediate metabolite binding to an immunoglobulin, altering the protein and initiating an immune response. The metabolites of vinyl chloride, especially choloroethylene oxide, are mutagenic and act by covalently binding to DNA. This produces cyclic etheno-adducts, which cause base-pair transitions during transcription and DNA crosslinks. Metabolites also may cause oxidative stress and affecting tumor supressor genes, as vinyl chloride has been known to produce specific mutations in the p53 and Ki-ras genes. Vinyl chloride metabolites are also believed to exert toxic effects in the liver by covalently binding to liver proteins, resulting in cellular toxicity. (R010, R202)","Vinyl chloride absorbed primarily via inhalation or ingestion is rapidly distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized mainly in the liver by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, first into chloroethylene oxide, then into chloroacetaldehyde, which are the main toxic metabolites. Chloroacetaldehyde is further converted into chloroethanol and monochloroacetic acid. Detoxification occurs in conjunction with glutathione, producing mainly thiodiglycolic acid, which is excreted in the urine. At high doses vinyl chloride may also be excreted by exhalation. (R010, R011)","LD50: 500 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R265)","120,000 ppm in an adult human. (R268)","1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Vinyl chloride is used primarily to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is used in a variety of plastic products, such as pipes, wire and cable coatings, and packaging materials. Small amounts of vinyl chloride is sometimes used in furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automotive parts. (R010)","Acute Inhalation: 0.5 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.03 ppm (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (R260)","Exposure to vinyl chloride results in liver damage, nerve damage, and immune reactions, as well as depression of the central nervous system and cardiac arrhythmias. Long term exposure may result in damage to the sperm and testes of males. Vinyl chloride is also a known carcinogen. (R010)","Symptoms of acute vinyl chloride exposure include headache, nausea, dizziness, and drowsiness, possibly resulting in loss of conciousness, coma or cardiac arrhythmias at higher levels. Chronic exposure can lead to lung and kidney irritation, inhibition of bloodclotting, numbness and pain in the fingers, memory loss, and sleep disurbances. (R010)",Vinyl chloride has no tested antidote. Poisoning is usually handled by preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptoms. (R010),P01857;P01859;P01860;P01861;DNA;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
6,T3D0005,2009-03-06 18:57:54 UTC,2009-08-11 15:45:55 UTC,Polychlorinated biphenyls,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1,1'-Biphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro-1,1'-Biphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro- (9CI)3,3',4,4',5,5'-Hexachloro-1,1'-biphenyl3,3',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl3,4,5,3',4',5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL3,4,5,3',4',5'-Hexa coplanar polychlorinated biphenylBiphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro-Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS)","Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,1336-36-3,36231,,"","","","",,,Polychlorinated biphenyls,6513,,,,InChI=1/C12H4Cl6/c13-7-1-5(2-8(14)11(7)17)6-3-9(15)12(18)10(16)4-6/h1-4H,"1,2,3-trichloro-5-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=C(C=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1=C(C=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)Cl)Cl)Cl,C12H4Cl6,357.844420,Oily liquids or solids that are colorless to light yellow. ,"","","","0.0007 mg/mL at 25 °C [GRIFFIN,RA & CHOU,SFJ (1981)]","","","","Oral
Inhalation 
Dermal 
(R012)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
(R012)","The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly by inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disruption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are transported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 1010 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 880 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardous waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptons can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;P20711;P07101;Q92731
7,T3D0006,2009-03-06 18:57:54 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:25 UTC,Benzene,Organic Compound;Solvent;Gasoline Additive/Component;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"(6)Annulene1hyz1swi:benzeneAmsco h-SBAmsco h-jAnnuleneAromatic alkaneAromatic solventAsphaltAsphalt (bitumen)fume as benzene-soluble aerosolAsphalt (cut)Asphalt (cutback)Asphalt (petroleum)Asphalt [bitumens]Asphalt cementsAsphalt fumesAsphalt, liquid medium-curingAsphalt, liquid rapid-curingAsphalt, liquid slow-curingAsphaltic bitumenAsphaltumBNZBP 2 (solvent)Base oilBenzeenBenzeen (dutch)Benzeen [dutch]BenzenBenzen (polish)Benzen [polish]Benzene (including benzene from gasoline)Benzene + aniline comboBenzene [UN1114] [Flammable liquid]Benzene, labeled with carbon-14Benzene, labeled with carbon-14 and tritiumBenzene, pureBenzene-U-14CBenzinBenzin (obs.)Benzin B70BenzineBenzine (light petroleum distillate)Benzine (obs.)BenzinumBenzolBenzol 90Benzol diluentBenzoleBenzoleneBenzolineBenzoloBenzolo (italian)Benzolo [italian]BenzolumBenzyna do lakierow c [polish]Bicarburet of hydrogenBitumenBitumens, asphaltBituminous materials, asphaltCanadolCarbon oilCaswell No. 062Caswell No. 077Caswell No. 106Caswell No. 632ACaswell No. 802Coal naphthaCoal oil [oil, misc.]Coal tarCrankcase oil, usedCrankcase oil, used mineral-basedCrude oilCrude oil [oil, misc.]Crude oil, petroleumCrude oilsCrude petroleumCyclohexatrieneDeutero benzeneFenzenFenzen (czech)Fenzen [czech]HSDB 35HerbitoxHi-flash naphthaHi-flash naphthayethylenHydrocarbons, C4-8Hydrotreated naphthaIsoparaffinic hydrocarbonsJudean pitchLight ligroinLigroinLigroineMineral naphthaMineral oils, highly-refined oils [mineral oils]Mineral pitchMineral rubber (van)Mineral spiritsMineral spirits No. 10Mineral thinnerMineral turpentineMotor benzolNaphthaNaphtha 49 degree be-coal tar typeNaphtha VM & P, 50 degree flashNaphtha VM & pNaphtha VM & p, high flashNaphtha VM & p, regularNaphtha, hydrotreatedNaphtha, ligroineNaphtha, petroleumNaphtha, solventNaphtha, stoddard solventNaphtha, varnish makers' and painters'Nitration benzeneOil, crudeOrganic slvents, stoddard solventPainters' naphthaParaffinic oilPetroleumPetroleum [waxes]Petroleum asphaltPetroleum benzinPetroleum bitumenPetroleum crudePetroleum crude oil [UN1267] [Flammable liquid]Petroleum distillatePetroleum distillatesPetroleum distillates (naphtha)Petroleum distillates naphtha, rubber solventPetroleum etherPetroleum naphthaPetroleum pitchPetroleum refining residues, asphaltsPetroleum roofing tarPetroleum, lightPetroleum-derived naphthaPhenePhenyl hydridePolystreamPyrobenzolPyrobenzoleRCRA waste no. U109RNGRcra waste number U019Refined solvent naphthaRoad asphaltRoad tarRock oilRubber solventRubber solvent (naphtha)Seneca oilSkelly-solve S-66Skelly-solve hSkelly-solve rSkelly-solve sSkellysolve fSkellysolve gSolvent naphthaSolvents, naphthasStoddard solventStoddard solvent (naphtha)Super VMPTransgenic model evaluation II (benzene)Trinidad pitchUnleaded gasolineUsed mineral-based crankcase oilV.m. and p. naphthaVM & p naphthaVM and p naphthaVarnish makers' and painters naphthaVarnish makers' naphthaVarnish makers' naphtha and painters' naphthaVarnish marker's naphthaVarsolVirolWLN: RHWhite spiritWhite spirits[6]Annulenebenzene (ACD/Name 4.0){[6]Annulene}","Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon formed both naturally and from human activities. It can be found in crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke, and made mostly from petroleum sources. Benzene is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with a sweet odor. (R016)",,71-43-2,241,,C01407,111300,16716,BENZENE,,D001554,Benzene,136,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene,InChI=1/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H,benzene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/b673b58431ea0c5edc03eaea489d54c1_1237932620.mol,C1=CC=CC=C1,C1=CC=CC=C1,C6H6,78.046950,Colorless liquid.,5.5 °C,80.1 °C,0.8786 g/cm3,"1.79 mg/mL at 25 °C [MAY,WE et al. (1983)]",0.88,−11 °C,75 mmHg at 20 °C,Inhalation (R016),"Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181)
(R016)","The toxic agents of benzene are its metabolites. Benzene is able increase its toxicity by inducing cytochrome P450 2E1, its main metabolic enzyme. Benzene's primary toxic effects are decreases in haematological cell counts and bone marrow cellularity. The decrease in blood cell count may be due to the binding of metabolites such as benzene oxide to the blood proteins albumin and haemoglobin. In the bone marrow, phenolic metabolites can be metabolized by bone marrow peroxidases to highly reactive semiquinone radicals and quinones that stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. This and direct metabolite binding leads to damage to tubulin, histone proteins, and topoisomerase II. Some metabolites also exert mutagenic effects by inhibiting other DNA associated proteins, such as mitochondrial DNA polymerase and ribonucleotide reductase, as well as covalently binding to DNA itself, causing effects such as strand breakage, mitotic recombination, chromosome translocations, and aneuploidy. (R016)","Benzene is absorbed readily following inhalation or oral exposure. It enters the bloodstream and is rapidly distributed throughout the body, tending to accumulate in fatty tissues. Benzene is exhaled unchanged by the lungs, as well as metabolized in the liver to benzene oxide by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Benzene oxide is further converted into phenol, catechol, and hydroquinone, which are excreted in the urine as glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. (R017)","LD50: 3306 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LD50 340 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)
LC50: 9980 ppm (Inhalation, Mouse) (R263)",50-500 mg/kg (oral) or 20000 ppm (inhaled) for adult humans. (R270),"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Benzene is often used as an intermediate to make chemicals needed for the production of plastics, resins, and nylon and other synthetic fibers. It is also used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include emissions from volcanoes, forest fires, crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke. (R016)","Acute Inhalation: 0.009 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.006 ppm (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.003 ppm (R260) 
Chronic Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (R260)","Benzene causes harmful effects on the bone marrow and also decreases blood cell counts, leading to blood disorders such as anemia. It can also cause excessive bleeding and affect the immune system, increasing the chance for infection. Benzene is also a known carcinogen, as chronic exposure to high levels has been shown to cause leukemia, particularly acute myelogenous leukemia. (R016)","Breathing benzene can cause drowsiness, dizziness, rapid heart rate, headaches, tremors, confusion, and unconsciousness. Ingestion can result in vomiting, irritation of the stomach, dizziness, sleepiness, convulsions, and rapid heart rate. (R016)","There is no known antidote for benzene and poisoning is first treated by preventing further exposure. If inhalated, respiratory assist may be necessary. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, or activated charcoal can be administered. (R018)",P69905;P68871;P69891;P69892;P02042;P02100;P09105;P02008;P02768;P62805;P68431;Q16695;P84243;P54098;P23921;P31350;P68363;Q13748;P68366;P07437;Q13885;P68371;Q13509;P04350;P23258;P11388;Q02880;Q71U36;Q9BQE3;Q6PEY2;Q9NY65;Q9H4B7;Q9BVA1;Q9BUF5;Q3ZCM7;Q9UJT1;Q9UJT0;Q9NRH3;Q71DI3;Q7LG56;Q9UHN1;A6NHL2;A6NNZ2;A6NKZ8 ;Q99867;Q9H853;P07305;Q02539;P16403;P16402;P10412;P16401;Q8IZA3;P22492;Q92522;P0C0S8;Q96QV6;P04908;Q93077;P20671;Q96KK5;Q99878;O60814;Q6FI13;Q8IUE6;Q16777;Q7L7L0;P0C5Y9;P0C5Z0;Q9BTM1;Q71UI9;P16104;P0C0S5;Q96A08;P33778;P62807;P58876;Q93079;P06899;Q99880;Q99879;Q99877;P23527;Q16778;Q5QNW6;Q8N257;P0C1H6;P57053;Q7Z2G1;Q6NXT2;P49450;Q99525;Q75WM6;Q6DN03	;Q6DRA6;DNA
8,T3D0007,2009-03-06 18:57:54 UTC,2009-08-26 21:52:13 UTC,Cadmium,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Cadmium Compound,"AQUANAL-plus cadmium (Cd) 0.02-1.2 mg/LCADMIUM, 99.95%CDCadmioCadmium Metallicum 6x - TabCadmium Sulphuricum Liquid (S No. 43)Cadmium [cadmium and cadmium compounds]Cadmium [cadmium and certain cadmium compounds]Cadmium atomCadmium atomic absorption standard solutionCadmium bromatumCadmium compoundsCadmium elementalCadmium iodatumCadmium ion standard solutionCadmium metallicumCadmium muriaticumCadmium nitrate solutionCadmium standard for icCadmium sulfuratumCadmium sulfuricumCadmium sulphuratumCadmium sulphuricumCadmium, elementalColloidal cadmiumKadmiumKadmium [german]","Cadmium is a transition metal and chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. Cadmium is found naturally in the earth's crust, though rarely on it's own. It is usually extracted as a byproduct from mining, smelting, and refining sulfide ores of zinc, lead, and copper. (R019)",,7440-43-9,23973,,C01413,"",22977,CD%2b2,,D002104,Cadmium,6393,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium,InChI=1/Cd/q+2,cadmium,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/c667f27184181f7f6efc084ec868b63e_1237932827.mol,[Cd++],[Cd++],[Cd]2+,113.903358,Bluish-white metallic solid.,"594.22 K
(321.07 °C, 609.93 °F)","1040 K
(767 °C, 1413 °F)",8.65  g·cm−3,"","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R019)","Metallothionein-2 (P02795) 
Metallothionein-1G (P13640) 
Metallothionein-1H (P80294) 
Metallothionein-3 (P25713) 
Metallothionein-1F (P04733) 
Metallothionein-1E (P04732) 
Metallothionein-1X (P80297) 
Metallothionein-1A (P04731) 
Metallothionein-1B (P07438) 
Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339) 
Metallothionein-4 (P47944) 
Metallothionein-1L (Q93083) 
Serum albumin (P02768)
(R019, R164)","Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high molecular weight proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (R026, R058, R059, R069)","Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. (R019)","LD50: 225 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 5700 µg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)","150 mg (oral) or 39 mg/m3 over 20 minutes (inhalation) for adult humans. (R263, R271)","1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Cadmium is used mainly in the electroplating of other metals and the production of metal alloys. It can be found in batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics. Exposure usually occurs in an industrial setting, but can also result from breathing cigarette smoke and eating contaminated foods. (R019)","Acute Inhalation: 0.00003 mg/m3 (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.00001 mg/m3 (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (R260)","Chronic exposure to cadmium fumes can cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. Cadmium also accumulates in the kidneys, causing permanent damage. Loss of bone density also occurs. (R019)","Acute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (R019)","Cadmium poisoning is treated by removal from exposure and supportive care. If ingested, induced vomiting or gastric lavage may be performed. (R272)",P03372;Q92731;P28482;P27361;P31152;Q16659;Q13164;P45983;P45984;P53779;Q15759;P53778;O15264;Q16539;Q13387;O60271;Q9UQF2;Q9UPT6;Q8TD08
10,T3D0009,2009-03-06 18:57:54 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:25 UTC,Benzo[a]pyrene,Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"1,2-Benzpyrene3, 4-Benzopirene (ITALIAN)3, 4-Benzypyrene3,4 Benzopyrene3,4 Benzpyrene3,4-Benz(a)pyrene3,4-Benz[a]pyrene3,4-Benzo(a)pyrene3,4-Benzopirene3,4-Benzopirene [Italian]3,4-Benzopyrene3,4-Benzopyrene (carcinogen)3,4-Benzpyren3,4-Benzpyren (GERMAN)3,4-Benzpyren [German]3,4-Benzpyrene3,4-Benzypyrene3,4-benzylpyrene4,5-Benzpyrene6, 7-Benzopyrene6,7-BenzopyreneB(a)pB1760_SIGMABAPBENZO(A)PYRENE (SEE ALSO: BENZO(E)PYRENE (CAS 192-97-2))BPB[a]pBenz(a)pyreneBenz[a]pyreneBenzo(3,4)pyrene, radical ion(1+)Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene [polycyclic aromatic compounds]Benzo(a)pyrene [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]Benzo(a)pyrene radical cationBenzo(a)pyrene, labeled with tritiumBenzo(a)pyrene, radical ion(1+)Benzo(d,e,f)chryseneBenzo(def)chryseneBenzo[α]pyreneBenzo[PQR]tetrapheneBenzo[a]pyrene solutionBenzo[d,e,f]chryseneBenzo[def]chryseneBenzopyreneBenzpyreneCoal tar pitch volatiles: benzo(a)pyreneRCRA waste no. U022Rcra waste number U022WLN: L D6 B6666 2AB TJbenzo[def]chrysene (ACD/Name 4.0){3,4-Benz[a]pyrene}{b[a]p}{benz[a]pyrene}{benzo[a]pyrene}{benzo[d,e,f]chrysene}","Benzo[a]pyrene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (R028)",,50-32-8,2336,,C07535,"",29865,"",,D001564,Benzo[a]pyrene,141,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzo(a)pyrene,InChI=1/C20H12/c1-2-7-17-15(4-1)12-16-9-8-13-5-3-6-14-10-11-18(17)20(16)19(13)14/h1-12H,benzo[a]pyrene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/b01123dfec59b4c5a94115e8eaf70665_1237933157.mol,C1=CC=C2C3=C4C(=CC2=C1)C=CC5=C4C(=CC=C5)C=C3,C1=CC=C2C3=C4C(=CC2=C1)C=CC5=C4C(=CC=C5)C=C3,C20H12,252.093900,Pale yellow solid.,176.5 °C,495 °C,1.24 g/cm³,"1.62e-06 mg/mL at 25 °C [MAY,WE et al. (1983)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
(R028)","Serum albumin (P02768) 
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) 
(R060)","The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The main carcinogenic metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene is the diol-epoxide trans-9,10-epoxy-7,8-dihydrodiol. (R028, R060, R068, R073)","PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (R028)","LD50: 250 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R270)","","1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (R028)","","PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (R028)","Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (R034)
",There is no known antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R028),P35869;Q14749;DNA
11,T3D0010,2009-03-06 18:57:55 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:26 UTC,Benzo[b]fluoranthene,Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"2, 3-Benzofluoranthene2,3-Benzfluoranthene2,3-Benzofluoranthene2,3-Benzofluoranthrene3, {4-Benz[e]acephenanthrylene}3,4-Benz(e)acephenanthrylene3,4-Benz[e]acephenanthrylene3,4-Benzfluoranthene3,4-Benzofluoranthene3,4-Benzofluoranthrene4,5-BenzofluorantheneB(b)fBCR047_FLUKABFBenz(e)acephenanthryleneBenz[b]fluorantheneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(b)fluoranthene [polycyclic aromatic compounds]Benzo(b)fluoranthene [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]Benzo(e)fluorantheneBenzo[b]fluorantheneBenzo[b]fluoranthene solutionBenzo[e]acephenanthryleneBenzo[e]fluorantheneWLN: L C65 K666 1A TJbenzo[e]acephenanthrylene (ACD/Name 4.0){benz[e]acephenanthrylene}{benzo[b]fluoranthene}{benzo[e]fluoranthene}","Benzo[b]fluoranthene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (R028)",,205-99-2,9153,,C14320,"",34565,"",,C006703,Benzo[b]fluoranthene,6380,,,,InChI=1/C20H12/c1-2-7-14-13(6-1)12-19-16-9-4-3-8-15(16)18-11-5-10-17(14)20(18)19/h1-12H,"",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/0f63752e0319d088fbe082b6fefc1003_1237933319.mol,C1=CC=C2C3=C4C(=CC=C3)C5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC2=C1,C1=CC=C2C3=C4C(=CC=C3)C5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC2=C1,C20H12,252.093900,Colorless solid.,168 °C,"","","1.5e-06 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation
(R028)","Serum albumin (P02768) 
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) 
(R060)","The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (R028, R060, R068, R073)","PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (R028)","","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (R028)","","PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (R028)","Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (R034)
",There is no known antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R028),P35869;Q14749;DNA
12,T3D0011,2009-03-06 18:57:55 UTC,2009-08-26 22:04:02 UTC,Chloroform,Organic Compound;Solvent;Reagent;Organochloride,"1,1,1-TrichloromethaneCHCl3CHLOROFORM, DEUTERATED, 99%Caswell No. 192Chloroform [NF xvII]Chloroform [UN1888] [Poison]ChloroformeChloroforme (french)Chloroforme [french]CloroformioCloroformio (italian)Cloroformio [italian]Formyl trichlorideFreon 20HSDB 56Methane trichlorideMethane, trichloro-Methenyl chlorideMethenyl trichlorideMethyl trichlorideR 20 (VAN)R 20 (refrigerant)RCRA waste no. U044Rcra waste number U044Refrigerant R20TCMTrichloormethaanTrichloormethaan (dutch)Trichloormethaan [dutch]TrichlormethanTrichlormethan (czech)Trichlormethan [czech]TrichloroformTrichloromethaneTriclorometanoTriclorometano (italian)Triclorometano [italian]Water disinfection byproducts(chloroform)chloroform (ACD/Name 4.0)","Chloroform is a chemical compound produced by heating a mixture of chlorine and either chloromethane or methane. It was originally used as an anaesthetic, but is now used mainly in refridgerants and as a solvent or reagent in the synthesis of other chemicals. (R036)",,67-66-3,6212,,C13827,"",35255,5-CHLOROFORMYCIN,,D002725,Chloroform,307,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform,InChI=1/CHCl3/c2-1(3)4/h1H,chloroform,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/5a750ada6ee031f3111b070eab80645f_1237933443.mol,C(Cl)(Cl)Cl,C(Cl)(Cl)Cl,CHCl3,117.914380,Colorless liquid.,-63.6 °C,61.2 °C,1.48 g/cm3,"7.95 mg/mL at 25 °C [MACKAY,D et al. (1980)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R036)",Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) (R036),"Chloroform and the reactive intermediates of chloroform metabolism, especially phosgene, bind covalently and irreversibly to cellular macromolecules and cause cellular damage within the liver and kidney. While the exact mechanism is unknown, phosgene has been shown to react with molecules such as cysteine, deplete hepatic glutathione, form adducts with microsomal proteins, and elevate hepatic enzyme levels. Chloroform has also been shown to block HERG potassium channels, causing cardiac arrest. (R036, R037, R070)","Chloroform in absorbed mainly through the lungs. Once in the body it concentrates in lipid-containing organs such as the adipose tissue, the central nervous system, kidney and liver. It is eliminated unchanged in expired air or metabolized by the liver via a cytochrome P450 mechanism and excreted in the urine and faeces. (R037)","LD50: 36 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R270)
LD50: 623 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R270)
LD50: 704 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (R270)
LC50: 47702 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (R270)",10mL for an adult human. (R273),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",Chloroform is found in refridgerants and is also used as a solvent or reagent in the synthesis of other chemicals. Exposure may results from contact with contaminated air or water. (R036),"Acute Inhalation: 0.1 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.05 ppm (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.02 ppm (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.1 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.1 mg/kg/day (R260)","Chronic exposure to chloroform causes liver and kidney damage. It has also been shown to have detrimental reproductive and developmental effects. Skin contact with large amounts of chloroform results in sores. Inhaling large amounts of chloroform can cause central nervous system and respiratory depression, and may be fatal. (R036)","Acute inhalation of chloroform causes dizziness, fatigue, and headache. (R036)",There is no known antidote for chloroform. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R036),Q12809;Q9H252;Q9NS40;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
13,T3D0012,2009-03-06 18:57:55 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:26 UTC,"DDT, P,P'-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"1, 1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(2,4'-dichlorophenyl)ethane1, 1-Dichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1'-(2,2,2,-Trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]1,1'-(2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene)bis(4-chlorobenzene)1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]1,1, 1-Trichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan (DUTCH)1,1, 1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-phenyl)-aethan (German)1,1, 1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan1,1,1-Trichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan [Dutch]1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-phenyl)-aethan1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-phenyl)-aethan [German]1,1,1-Trichloro-2, 2-bis(4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2, 2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane solution1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis-(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis-(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichlorobis(chlorophenyl)ethane1,1,1-Tricloro-2, 2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano (ITALIAN)1,1,1-Tricloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano1,1,1-Tricloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano [Italian]1,1,1-Tricloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenyl)-etano [Italian]1,1,1-trichloro-2-2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane1,1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane1,1-Bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane1,1-bis(p-Chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichIoroethane1-Chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane2,2,2-trichlorobis(4-chloroph enyl)ethane2,2,2-trichlorobis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1, 1-trichloroethane2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2-(o-Chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane4,4'-DDT solution4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane:DDTAavero-extraAgritanAnofexArkotineAzotoxAzotox M 33Azotox M-33Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro)-Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro-Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-Benzene, {1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-}BenzochlorylBis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroetha neBis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethaneBosan supraBovidermolCaswell No. 308ChlofenotanChlorophenothanChlorophenothaneChlorophenothanumChlorophenothanum technicumChlorophenotoxumChlorphenotaneChlorphenothanChlorphenotoxumCitoxClofenotanClofenotaneClofenotane (inn)Clofenotane techniqueClofenotano [inn-spanish]Clofenotanum [inn-latin]D.d.t. techniqueDDTDDT (dot)DDT (van)DDT 50 WPDDT [bsi:iso]DDT and metabolitesDDT(p,p')DDT, p,p'-De de taneDedeloDeovalDetoxDetox (pesticide)DetoxanDibovanDibovinDichlorodiphenyltrichlorethaneDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)DicophaneDicophanerDidigamDidimacDiphenyltrichloroethaneDnsbpDodatDykolEstonateEthane, 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-Ethane, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloro-GenitoxGesafidGesaponGesarexGesarolGeusaponGuesaponGuesarolGyronHavero-extraHilditIvoranIxodexKlorfenoton [swedish pharmacopoeia]KopsolMicro ddt 75MutoxanMutoxinNeocidNeocid (van)NeocidolNeocidol (solid)Neocidol, solidOMS 0016 [French]P',p'-DDTP'-zeidane [france]P, p'-DDTP,p'-DDTP,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneP,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)P,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethaneP,p-DDTPEB1Para,para'-DDTParachlorocidumPe ntechPentachlorinPentechPenticidePenticidumPpzeidanRCRA waste no. U061Rcra waste number U061RukseamSantobaneTafidexTbisc-ethaneTech DDTTrichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethaneTrichlorobis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethaneTrichlorobis(4-chlorophenyl)ethaneWLN: GXGGYR dg&r DGZeidaneZerdaneZithiolp,p'-DDT~p,p' -Dichloro-1,1-diphenyl-2,2,2-trichloroethanep,p'-DDT~p,p'-Dichloro-1,1-diphenyl-2,2,2-trichloroethane","DDT, P,P'- is an isomer of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, an organochlorine insecticide. It is the major component of commercial mixtures of DDT. DDT was once a widely used pesticide, but today its agricultural use has been banned worldwide due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate. However, it still has limited use in disease vector control. (R152)",,50-29-3,3036,,C04623,"",16130,CPD-1125,,D003634,"DDT, P,P'-",381,,,,"InChI=1/C14H9Cl5/c15-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)13(14(17,18)19)10-3-7-12(16)8-4-10/h1-8,13H","1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/6e2f153e2cb92fd8f53569df27010e68_1237933606.mol,C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl,C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl,C14H9Cl5,351.914690,White solid.,108.5 °C,"","","5.5e-06 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","",Ingestion (R153),"Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) 
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) 
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) 
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55)
(R153)","DDT toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDT reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDT inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. DDT inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDT also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. DDT is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (R029, R153)","DDT is absorbed in the stomach and intestine, after which it enters the lymphatic system and is carried throughout the body and incorporated into fatty tissues. Metabolism of DDT occurs mainly via cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver and kidney, where it undergoes reductive dechlorination to DDD (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) and DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene). These compounds are further degraded into additional metabolites, mainly DDA (bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid), which are excreted in the urine. (R153)","LD50: 87 mg/kg (Acute oral, Rat) (R275) 
LD50: 1931 mg/kg (Acute dermal, Rat) (R275) 
LD50: 1500 mg/kg (Acute subcutaneous, Rat) (R275)","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",DDT is used as a pesticide and in disease vector control. (R152),"Acute Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (R260)","Exposure to DDT causes loss of weight and anorexia. DDT poisoning affects CNS function in humans, but pathologic changes are observed in the liver and reproductive organs. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrolobular necrosis after exposure to high concentrations, and an increase in the incidence of hepatic tumors have been noted.
(R029)","Acute signs of DDT poisoning include paresthesia after oral ingestion. Studies have shown that a mammal poisoned with DDT-type agents displays periodic persistent tremoring and/or convulsive seizures that are suggestive of repetitive discharges in neurons. These repetitive tremors and seizures can be initiated by tactile and auditory stimuli.
(R029)","Treatment of DDT exposure should be primarily directed towards decontamination and supportive care, as there is no specific antidote. The use of gastric lavage and activated charcoal for large ingestions may be effective. (R274)",P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P62158;P03372;Q92731;P10275;Q9UL51;Q9Y3Q4;O60741;Q9P1Z3 ;P35498;Q9Y5Y9;Q9UI33;Q99250;Q9NY46;P35499;Q01118;Q9UQD0;Q14524;Q15858;Q07699;O60939;Q9NY72;Q8IWT1;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88
14,T3D0013,2009-03-06 18:57:55 UTC,2009-08-11 15:56:26 UTC,Aroclor 1254,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1,1'-Biphenyl, 2,2',3,3',4-pentachloro-2,2',3,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl2,2',3,3',4-Pentachloro-1,1'-biphenyl2,2',3,3',4-pentachlorobiphenyl2,2',3,4,5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL2,3,4,2',3'-PentachlorobiphenylArclor1254Arochlor 1254Aroclor 1254Aroclor-1254Chlorierte biphenyle, chlorgehalt 54% [German]Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine)Chlorodiphenyl (54% Cl)Clorodifenili, cloro 54% [Italian]Diphenyle chlore, 54% de chlore [French]PCBPCB's (54% Cl)PCBs (54%Cl)Polychlorinated biphenyl (aroclor 1254)Polychlorobiphenyls (54% chlorine)chlorodiphenyl, 54% chlorinepolychlorinated biphenyl 1254","Aroclor 1254 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 54%. It is composed of mainly pentachlorobiphenyls (71.44%) and hexachlorobuphenyls (21.97%) and also includes mono-, bi-, tri, tetra-, hexa, and nonachlorinated homologs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,11097-69-1,40470,,"","",25520,"",,D020111,Aroclor 1254,101,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl,InChI=1/C12H5Cl5/c13-8-3-1-2-6(10(8)15)7-4-5-9(14)12(17)11(7)16/h1-5H,"1,2,3-trichloro-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)Cl)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)Cl)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl)Cl,C12H5Cl5,323.883390,Oily liquids or solids that are colorless to light yellow. ,Boiling Pt : 365-390 oC,365-390 °C,"","4.3e-05 mg/mL at 20 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","","Oral
Inhalation 
Dermal 
(R012)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
(R012)","The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are trasported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 1010 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R264)
LD50: 358 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (R264)
LD50: 880 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R264)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardouc waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptons can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P53396;P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;P20711;P07101;Q92731
15,T3D0014,2009-03-06 18:57:55 UTC,2009-08-11 15:56:25 UTC,Aroclor 1260,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1,1'-Biphenyl, 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexachloro-2,2',3,3',4,4'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL2,2',3,3',4,4'-Hexachloro-1,1'-biphenyl2,3,4,2',3',4'-HexachlorobiphenylAROCHLOR 1260 (9CI) (CHEMICALMIXTURE)Arochlor 1260Aroclor 1260Chlorodiphenyl (60% Cl)Clophen A 60Phenoclor DP6Polychlorinated biphenyl (aroclor 1260)polychlorinated biphenyl 1260","Aroclor 1260 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 60%. It is composed of mainly pentachlorobiphenyls (43.35%) and hexachlorobuphenyls (38.54%) and also includes mono-, bi-, tri, tetra-, hexa-, octa- and nonachlorinated homologs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,11096-82-5,38018,,"","","","",,C026987,Aroclor 1260,,,,,InChI=1/C12H4Cl6/c13-7-3-1-5(9(15)11(7)17)6-2-4-8(14)12(18)10(6)16/h1-4H,"1,2,3-trichloro-4-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=CC(=C(C(=C1C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1=CC(=C(C(=C1C2=C(C(=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C12H4Cl6,357.844420,Oily liquids or solids that are colorless to light yellow. ,Boiling Pt : 385-420 oC,385-420 °C,"","1.44e-05 mg/mL at 20 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal 
(R012)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
(R012)","The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are trasported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 1315 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardouc waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptons can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;P20711;Q92731;P07101
16,T3D0015,2009-03-06 18:57:55 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:26 UTC,"Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene",Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"1,2,5, 6-Dibenzanthraceen (DUTCH)1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthraceen1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthraceen [Dutch]1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, ion(1+)1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, ion(1-)1,2:5, 6-Dibenzanthracene1,2:5, {6-Dibenz[a]anthracene}1,2:5,6-Benzanthracene1,2:5,6-Dibenz(a)anthracene1,2:5,6-Dibenz[a]anthracene1,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene1,2:5,6-DibenzoanthraceneBCR138_FLUKABenz[a,h]anthraceneBenzo[k]tetrapheneDB(a,h)aDBADB[a,h]aDba (van)Dibenz(a,h)anthraceneDibenz(a,h)anthracene [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]Dibenz(a,h)antraceneDibenz[a,h]anthracene solutionDibenz[a,h]antraceneDibenza[a,h]-anthraceneDibenzathraceneDibenzo(a,h)anthraceneDibenzo(a,h)anthracene [polycyclic aromatic compounds]Dibenzo[a,h]anthraceneRCRA waste no. U063Rcra waste number U063WLN: L G6 D6 B666Jdibenzo[a,h]anthracene (ACD/Name 4.0){DB[a,h]a}{dibenz[a,h]anthracene} ( ){dibenz[a,h]antracene}{dibenzo[a,h]anthracene}","Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (R028)",,53-70-3,5889,,C14325,"",35299,"",,C026486,"Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene",412,,,,InChI=1/C22H14/c1-3-7-19-15(5-1)9-11-17-14-22-18(13-21(17)19)12-10-16-6-2-4-8-20(16)22/h1-14H,"naphtho[1,2-b]phenanthrene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/ef0f4dd40e5e96c3bc4b7744529f39e4_1237934004.mol,C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC4=C(C=CC5=CC=CC=C54)C=C32,C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC4=C(C=CC5=CC=CC=C54)C=C32,C22H14,278.109550,Colorless solid.,269.5 °C,"","","2.49e-06 mg/mL at 25 °C [HASSETT,JJ et al. (1980)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation
(R028)","Serum albumin (P02768) 
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) 
(R060)","The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The main carcinogenic metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene is the diol-epoxide trans-9,10-epoxy-7,8-dihydrodiol. (R028, R060, R068, R073)","PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (R028)","","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (R028)","","PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (R028)","Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (R034)
",There is no known antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R028),P35869;Q14749;DNA
17,T3D0016,2009-03-06 18:57:55 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:27 UTC,Trichloroethylene,Organic Compound;Solvent;Organochloride;Anesthetic,"1,1,1-Trichloroethylene1,1,2-Trichloroethene1,1,2-Trichloroethylene1,1-Dichloro-2-chloroethylene1,2,2-Trichloroethylene1-Chloro-2,2-dichloroethyleneAcetylene trichlorideAlgylenAltene DGAnamenthBenzinolBlacosolvBlancosolvC2HCl3Caswell No. 876CecoleneChlorilenChloryleaChlorylenChorylenCircosolvCrawhaspolDensi nfluatDensinfluatDisparit bDistillex DS2Dow-triDukeronEthene, 1,1,2-trichloro-Ethene, trichloro-Ethinyl trichlorideEthylene trichlorideEthylene, trichloro-Fleck-flipFlock flipFluateGemalgeneGermalgeneInChI=1/C2HCl3/c3-1-2(4)5/h1LanadinLethurinNarcogenNarkogenNarkosoidNialkPerm-a-chlorPerm-a-clorPetzinolPhilexRCRA waste no. U228Rcra waste number U228TCETRITce (chlorohydrocarbon)ThrethylenThrethyleneTrethyleneTri-cleneTri-plusTri-plus mTriadTrialTriasolTric hloroetheneTrichlooretheenTrichlooretheen [dutch]Trichloorethyleen, triTrichloorethyleen, tri [dutch]TrichloraethenTrichloraethen [german]TrichloraethylenTrichloraethylen, triTrichloraethylen, tri [german]TrichloraethylenumTrichloraethylenum pro narcosiTrichloranTrichlorathaneTrichlorenTrichloretheneTrichlorethyleneTrichlorethylene, triTrichlorethylene, tri [french]TrichlorethylenumTrichloride, ethinylTrichloroetheneTrichloroethylene (iupac)Trichloroethylene (tce)Trichloroethylene (with epichlorohydrin)Trichloroethylene (without epichlorohydrin)Trichloroethylene [UN1710] [Poison]Trichloroethylene [inn]TrichloroethylenumTrichloroethylenum [inn-latin]TrichlorotheneTricieneTricloreteneTricloretene [italian]TricloroetileneTricloroetilene [dcit]Tricloroetilene [italian]Tricloroetileno [inn-spanish]TrieleneTrielinTrielinaTrielina [italian]TrielineTrik loneTrikloneTriklone nTrilenTrileneTrilene TE-141TrilineTrimarTriolVestrolVitranWestrosol","Trichloroethylene is a chemical compound produced from ethylene. It was originally used as an anaethetic before its toxicity was recognized. Today it is mainly used as an industrial solvent, especially for removing grease from metal parts. (R038)",,79-01-6,6575,,C06790,"",16602,TRICHLOROETHENE,,D014241,Trichloroethylene,1414,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylene,InChI=1/C2HCl3/c3-1-2(4)5/h1H,"1,1,2-trichloroethene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/03985eadfa2d7ee21bf0ff3ab7533afe_1237934111.mol,C(=C(Cl)Cl)Cl,C(=C(Cl)Cl)Cl,C2HCl3,129.914380,Colorless liquid.,-84.7 °C,"","","1.28 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL et al. (1999)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R038)","Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) 
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) 
Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) 
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) 
Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) 
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) 
Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) 
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) 
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) 
(R111)","The toxic and carcinogenic effects of trichloroethylene are believed to be caused mainly by its metabolites, including trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and chloral hydrate. The nephrotoxicity and nephrocarcinogenicity of TRI have been attributed to glutathione conjunction, which forms reactive, sulfur-containing metabolites. Dichloroacetic acid is known to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, while chloral hydrate inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase. Studies in rodents have shown that neurotoxic effects may be caused by trichloroethylene's incorporation into brain membranes or ability to alter the fatty acid pattern of brain phospholipids and amino acids. One of the mechanisms of trichloroethylene's carcinogenicity is believed to be the peroxisome proliferation induced by its metabolites. (R038, R040, R111)","Trichloroethylene is absorbed into the bloodstream and rapidly distributed throughout the body. Some is metabolized via cytochrome P-450 enzymes and the glutathione-conjugation pathway into metabolites such as trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol, which are excreted primarily in the urine. However, most trichoroethylene is exhaled unchanged or as carbon dioxide. (R039)","LD50: 2402 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R276)
LD50: 20001 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R276)
LD50: 3222 mg/kg (Tntraperitoneal, Mouse) (R276)",3 to 5 mg/kg for an adult human. (R270),"2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Trichloroethylene is mainly used as an industrial solvent, particularily to remove grease from metal parts. It is also an ingredient in adhesives, paint removers, typewriter correction fluids, and spot removers. Exposure may result from contact with contaminated water. (R038)","Acute Inhalation: 2 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.1 ppm (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (R260)","Chronic inhalation or ingestion of tricholoethylene causes nerve, kidney, and liver damage, impaired immune system function, impaired fetal development in pregnant women, and possibly death. It has also been linked to both kidney and liver cancer. (R038)","Inhalation of trichloroethylene causes headaches, lung irritation, dizziness, poor coordination, and difficulty concentrating, while ingestion results in nausea. Larger amounts may cause unconciousness and impaired heart function. Skin contact often results in rashes. (R038)",There is no known antidote for trichloroethylene. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R039),Q15118;Q15119;P07327;P00325;P00326;P40394;P11766;P08319;P28332;Q15120;Q16654;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
18,T3D0017,2009-03-06 18:57:55 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:27 UTC,Dieldrin,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,":dieldrinAldrin epoxideAlvitAlvit 55Caswell No. 333Compd. 497Compound 497DeildrinDieldrenDieldrexDieldrinDieldrin [NA2761] [Poison]Dieldrin [ban:inn]Dieldrin [bsi:iso]Dieldrin [inn:ban]Dieldrina [inn-spanish]DieldrineDieldrine (french)Dieldrine [french]Dieldrine [inn-french]Dieldrine [iso-french]Dieldrinum [inn-latin]DieldriteDieldrixDielmothDildrinDorytoxExo-dieldrinHEODHeod [bsi:iso]Hexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo,exo-dimethanonaphthaleneIlloxolInsecticide No. 497InsectlackKombi-albertanLatka 497 [Czech]Moth snub dMurdielOctaloxOxraloxPanoram D-31QuintoxRCRA waste no. P037RCRA waste number P037Red shieldShelltoxTermitoxTermitoxrm [BDH]","Dieldrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an insecticide, either by itself or as a component of the closely related insectide aldrin. As dieldrin is neurotoxin and tends to bioaccumulate, its use is now banned in most parts of the world. (R154)",,60-57-1,60963,,C13718,"",34696,1-AMINO-PROPAN-2-OL,,D004026,Dieldrin,459,,,,"InChI=1/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)11(16)5-3-1-2(6-7(3)19-6)4(5)10(8,15)12(11,17)18/h2-7H,1H2/t2-,3+,4?,5?,6?,7?,10-,11-/m1/s1","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/fcc828e49aa333ab9e7724ae0a19238b_1237934240.mol,C1[C@@H]2C3C([C@H]1C4C2O4)[C@]5(C(=C([C@]3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C3C(C1C4C2O4)C5(C(=C(C3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C12H8Cl6O,377.870630,White powder.,175.5 °C,"","","0.000195 mg/mL at 25 °C [BIGGAR,JW & RIGGS,RI (1974)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R155)","Epoxide hydrolase 1 (P07099) 
Epoxide hydrolase 2 (P34913)
(R155)","Dieldrin antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. Dieldrin also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. Dieldrin also binds to alpha-synuclein, leading to the formation of intracellular fibrils. (R029, R155)","Dieldrin is absorbed throught the gastrointestinal tract, lungs and skin. Following absorption, dieldrin is redistributed primarily to fat via the lymphatic system. Dieldrin is metabolized by liver microsomal monooxygenases and epoxide hydratases. Its metabolites, of which the primary one is 9-hydroxydieldrin, are excreted in the faeces. (R155)","LD50: 38 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 56 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 49 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (R277)
LD50: 9 mg/kg (Tntravenous, Rat) (R263)
LC50: 13 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (R277)","","3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)",Dieldrin is used as an insecticide. (R155),"Intermediate Oral: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.00005 mg/kg/day (R260)","Dieldrin is a neurotoxin and works by overstimulating the central nervous system. Ingestion of large amounts of dieldrin causes convulsions and death. However, chronic exposure to lower amounts of dieldrin also has adverse effects because dieldrin accumulates in the body. Dieldrin is known to damage the nervous system, liver, and immune system. (R155)","Exposure to dieldrin results in headaches, dizziness, irritability, nausea and vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, muscular weakness, uncontrolled muscle movements, hyperexcitability, seizures and coma. (R155)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R278)",P37840;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P78334;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P03372;Q92731
19,T3D0018,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-26 22:06:32 UTC,"Chromium, hexavalent",Inorganic Compound;Metal;Chromium Compound,"CR(vi)Chromium (cr(sup 6+))Chromium (hexavalent compounds)Chromium (vi)Chromium compounds, hexavalentChromium hexavalent ionChromium(6+) ionsChromium(6+)ionChromium(6+)ionsChromium(vi)Chromium(vi) cationChromium(vi) compoundsChromium(vi) compounds, n.o.sChromium(vi) compounds, n.o.s.Chromium(vi) ionsChromium, hexavalentChromium, hexavalent (CR(vi))Chromium, ion (Cr 6+)Chromium, ion(Cr6+)Hexavalent chromiumchromium(6+)chromium(6+) ion",Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Chromium(VI) is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (R042),,18540-29-9,29131,,"","",33007,"",,C074702,"Chromium, hexavalent",6409,,,,InChI=1/Cr/q+6,chromium(6+),http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[Cr+6],[Cr+6],[Cr]6+,"","","","","","","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R042)","Sulfate transporter (P50443) 
Sulfate anion transporter 1 (Q9H2B4)
(R041)","Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (R041, R042, R075, R076, R077)","Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (R041, R042)","",1 to 3 grams for an adult human. (R331),"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Hexavalent chromium is used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving. (R041)","Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260)",Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been know to cause reproductive and developmental defects. (R041),"Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (R042)","There is no known antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R042)
",P28482;P27361;Q13547;Q14872;DNA
20,T3D0019,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-26 22:10:46 UTC,"Phosphorus, white",Inorganic Compound;Non-Metal,"Hittorf's phosphorusOligostim Phosphore - Tab 6dhPekana - phosphorusPhosphate-novartisPhosphorousPhosphorus 4ch - 30chPhosphorus Drops C6-C1000Phosphorus Gtte 4ch-30chPhosphorus Liquid (S No. 11)Phosphorus Pwr 6xPhosphorus Tri-Iodatus 3ch - 30chPhosphorus flavusPhosphorus homaccordPhosphorus, redPhosphorus-30Phosphorus-Injeel S (12d,30d,200d,1000d/1.1ml)Red phosphorusTonimine liqViolet phosphorusWhite phosphorus","White phosphorus is an allotrope of elemental phosphorus. It does not occur naturally, but is manufactured from phosphate rocks. Since it is a smoke-producing and incendiary agent, it has many military applications, especially in smokescreens, bombs, artillery, and mortars. It is also used by industry to produce phosphoric acid and other chemicals for use in fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. (R156, R157)",,7723-14-0,5462309,,C06262,"168470
602079
606656",28659,"",,D010758,"Phosphorus, white",6567,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus,InChI=1/P,phosphorus,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[P],[P],P,30.973760,White solid that becomes yellow when exposed to light.,44.1 °C,"","",0.0033 mg/mL at 15 oC [KIRK-OTHMER; on-line (2005)],"","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R156)","Parathyroid hormone (P01270) 
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (Q96A98) 
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (Q9GZV9) 
(R207)","Exposure to white phosphorus has been shown to damage the rough endoplasmic reticulum and cause a disaggregation of polyribosomes. This damage results in impairment of protein synthesis, in particular, a decrease in the synthesis of the apolipoprotein portion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which are required for the transport of triglycerides. This causes an accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, resulting in steatosis and fibrosis. White phosphorus also damages the mitochondia, impairing a cell’s ability to produce ATP and resulting in necrosis. The mitochondrial damage may also inhibit fatty acid oxidation, which could result in an accumulation of fat in the organs. Excess phosphorus decreases the absorption of intercellular calcified cartilage matrix by osteoclasts in the metaphyseal region of growing bones, decreasing the rate of growth of long bones. It may also enhance deposition of calcium by activating sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1, bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4, leptin, endogenous 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D, vascular calcification activating factor, and measures of oxidative stress. (R156, R208)","Phosphorus may be absorbed from ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact and is widely distributed throughout the body, especially in the liver, kidney, blood, spleen, and brain. Since white phosphorus is highly reactive in the presence of oxygen, it is likely rapidly converted to its oxidation products prior to absorption into the body. Little is known about the metabolism of white phosphorus in the body, although the oxo acids of phophorus are known to be found in the bloodstream. Phosphorus in the body is regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, and fibroblast growth factor 23. (R156, R207)","",50 mg for an adult human. (R270),,"White phosphorus is used in many military applications, especially in smokescreens, bombs, artillery, and mortars. It is also used by industry to produce phosphoric acid and other chemicals for use in fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. (R156)","Acute Inhalation: 0.02 mg/m3 (R260) 
Intermediate Oral: 0.0002 mg/kg/day (R260)","Exposure to white phosphorus may cause liver, heart, or kidney damage. It can also result in death. Breathing white phosphorus for long periods may cause a condition known as ""phossy jaw"", which involves poor wound healing of the mouth and breakdown of the jaw bone. Anemia and leukopenia in people chronically exposed to airborne white phosphorus. (R156)","Breathing white phosphorus for short periods may cause coughing and irritation of the throat and lungs. Eating or drinking small amounts of white phosphorus may cause stomach cramps, or drowsiness. (R156)","Ingestion of white phosphorus can be treated with gastric lavage. Otherwise, treatment is mainly symptomatic. (R156)",P41159;Q8WUM9
21,T3D0020,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:27 UTC,Chlordane,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"«gamma»-chlordan«gamma»-chlordane.gamma.-chlordan1,3,4,7,8,9,10,10-octachlorotricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene1068 Steral:chlordaneAlpha-, gamma-chlordaneAlpha-chlordanAlpha-chlordaneAspon-chlordaneBELTC orodaneC-chlordaneCHLORDANE (TECHNICAL GRADE) (SEE ALSO 57-74-9)Caswell No. 174Caswell No. 174EChloordaanChloordaan (dutch)Chloordaan [dutch]Chlor kilChlor killChlordanChlordaneChlordane (alpha and gamma isomers)Chlordane (analytical grade)Chlordane (avg cis-,trans-)Chlordane (technical grade)Chlordane (technical mixture and metabolites)Chlordane (technical mixture)Chlordane (trans)Chlordane , purChlordane, alpha & gamma isomersChlordane, liquidChlordane, liquid (dot)Chlordane, technicalChlordane, technical gradeChlordane, technically gradeChlordane-technicalChlorindanChlorodaneChlorotoxChlortoxCis-chlordaneCis-photochlordaneClordanClordan (italian)Clordan [italian]ClordanoCompound kCompound k (fda)CorodaneCortilan-neuDichlorochlordeneDow-klorDowchlorGold crestIntoxIntox (insecticide)Intox 8Kilex lindaneKypchlorLatka 1068 [Czech]NiranOcta-klorOctach lorohexahydromethanoindeneOctachlorOctachlordaneOctachloro-4, 7-methanohydroindaneOctachloro-4,7-methanohydroindaneOctachloro-4,7-methanotetrahydroindaneOctachlorodihydrodicyclopentadieneOctachlorohexahydromethanoindeneOindaneOktaterrOrtho-klorPhotochlordaneRCRA waste no. U036Rcra waste number U036Shell sd-5532StarchlorSteraskinSydaneSyndaneSynklorT-chlordaneTat Chlor 4Technical chlordaneTermexTermi-dedTopichlor 20TopiclorTopiclor 20ToxichlorTrans-chlordanTrans-chlordaneUnexan-koederVelsicol 1068WLN: L C555 A IUTJ AG AG BG DG EG HG IG JG","Chlordane is a manufactured chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. Chlordane occurs in two isomers, called cis-chlordane (alpha-chlordane) and trans-chlordane (gamma-chlordane). (R158)",,57-74-9,5993,,C14176,"",34623,1-AMINO-PROPAN-2-OL,,,Chlordane,271,,,,"InChI=1/C10H6Cl8/c11-3-1-2-4(5(3)12)9(16)7(14)6(13)8(2,15)10(9,17)18/h2-5H,1H2/t2?,3?,4?,5?,8-,9+/m0/s1","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/9fb6a8b186ea70832d9f1e9a67b18bf4_1237934546.mol,C1C2C(C(C1Cl)Cl)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C(C(C1Cl)Cl)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C10H6Cl8,405.797770,Colorless to amber liquid.,106 °C,"","","5.6e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [SANBORN,JR et al. (1976)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation
(R259)","Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) 
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) 
Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) 
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) 
Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) 
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) 
Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) 
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) 
(R159)","Chlordane is believed to bind irreversibly to DNA, leading to cell death or altered cellular function. It also affects transcription by antagonizing estrogen-related receptors. Chlordane induces hepatic cytochrome P-450, causing a large increase in the volume of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which results in hepatocellular enlargement and hypertrophy. Chlordane has also been shown to bind and activate retinoic acid receptor, causing various developmental defects, and inhibit alkaline phosphatases in hepatic and renal tissues. (R159, R162, R163, R205, R206)","Chlordane is highly lipophilic and is thus easily absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, then stored mainly in the fat. Chlordane is metabolized mainly in the liver and kidney. Metabolism is slow, and is believed to occur by multiple pathways involving cytochrome P-450 enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase type enzymes, and microsomal mixed-function oxidase systems. The metabolites are generally less toxic and include chlordene chlorohydrin, monohydroxylated dihydrochlordene, and oxychlordane. They are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R159)","LD50: 200 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R261)
LD50: 343 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R261)
LD50: 10 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R263)
LD50: 780 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263)
LC50: 100 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Cat) (R263)",100 mg/kg for an adult human. (R265),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",Chlordane was used as a pesticide. (R158),"Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.00002 mg/m3 (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (R260)","Chlordane is a central nervous system stimulant, and can also damage the digestive system and the liver. Large doses have been known to cause convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Chlordane is also known to have adverse reproductive and developmental effects. (R159)","Ingestion and inhalation of chlordane cause headaches, irritability, confusion, weakness, vision problems, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and jaundice. (R159)","Treatment is symptomatic. It is aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. Gastric lavage, followed by the administration of activated charcoal, may be performed following ingestion. (R282)",P11474;O95718;P62508;P10826;P13631;P20813;P08684;Q9HB55;P20815;P24462;P05186;DNA;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
22,T3D0021,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:27 UTC,"DDE, P,P'-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"1, 1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene1, {1'-(Dichloroethenylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]}1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethene-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)1,1'-(Dichloroethenylidene)bis(4-chlorobenzene)1,1'-(Dichloroethenylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]1,1'-(Dichlorovinylidene)bis(chlorobenzene)1,1'-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene1,1-BIS(CHLOROPHENYL)-2,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE1,1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene1,1-Dichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene1,1-Dichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene1,1-Dichloro-2, 2-di(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene1,1-Dichloro-2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE)1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene solution1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(para-chlorophenyl) ethylene1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis[4-chlorophenyl]ethylene1,1-Dichloro-2,2-di(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene1-Chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyl]benzene1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene2, 2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene2, 2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene2,2-Bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene4,4'-DDE solution4,4'-DDE-Ring-UL-14C4,4'-DDEe4,4';-DDE solutionBenzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis(4-chloro-Benzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis(4-chloro- (9CI)Benzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis(4-chloro-)Benzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis(chloro-Benzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis*4-chloro-Benzene, 1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis[4-chloro-Benzene, {1,1'-(dichloroethenylidene)bis[4-chloro-}DDEDDT dehydrochlorideDDXDde (van)Dde(p,p')Dde, p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroetheneDichlorodiphenyl dichloroethyleneDichlorodiphenyldichloroethyleneDichloroethylene, dichlorodiphenylEthylene, 1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-Ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-Ethylene, 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloro-P, p'-(dichlorodiphenyl)dichloroethyleneP,p' -ddeP,p'-(dichlorodiphenyl)dichloroethyleneP,p'-:ddeP,p'-dde (p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene)P,p'-dde-p, p'-DDT mixtureP,p'-dde-p,p'-DDT mixtureP,p'-dichlorodiphenoldichloroethyleneP,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethyleneP,p'-dichlorodiphenyldic hloroethylene (dde)P,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethyleneP,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (dde)P,p-ddeP,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethyleneP,p[-ddePara,para'-ddeWLN: gyguyr DG&r DGp,p'-(Dichlorodiphenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylenep,p'-DDE-ring-UL-14C","DDE, P,P'- is an isomer of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, an organochlorine insecticide. It is one of the components of commercial mixtures of DDT. DDT was once a widely used pesticide, but today its agricultural use has been banned worldwide due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate. However, it still has limited use in disease vector control. (R152)",,72-55-9,3035,,C04596,"",16598,PRO,,D003633,"DDE, P,P'-",380,,,,InChI=1/C14H8Cl4/c15-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)13(14(17)18)10-3-7-12(16)8-4-10/h1-8H,"1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/21d0537ca007dd5dd6f5e92c6f7d79a0_1237934638.mol,C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=C(Cl)Cl)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl,C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=C(Cl)Cl)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl,C14H8Cl4,315.938010,"",89 °C,"","","4e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","",Ingestion (R153),"Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) 
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) 
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) 
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55)
(R153)","DDE toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDE reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. DDE inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDE also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. DDE is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (R029, R153)","DDE is absorbed in the stomach and intestine, after which it enters the lymphatic system and is carried throughout the body and incorporated into fatty tissues. Metabolism of DDE occurs mainly via cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver and kidney. Its metabolites, mainly DDA (bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid), are excreted in the urine. (R153)","","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","DDE is found in DDT, which is used as a pesticide and in disease vector control. (R152)","","Exposure to DDT causes loss of weight and anorexia. DDT poisoning affects CNS function in humans, but pathologic changes are observed in the liver and reproductive organs. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrolobular necrosis after exposure to high concentrations, and an increase in the incidence of hepatic tumors have been noted. (R029)",Acute signs of DDT poisoning include paresthesia after oral ingestion. Studies have shown that a mammal poisoned with DDT-type agents displays periodic persistent tremoring and/or convulsive seizures that are suggestive of repetitive discharges in neurons. These repetitive tremors and seizures can be initiated by tactile and auditory stimuli. (R029),"Treatment of DDT exposure should be primarily directed towards decontamination and supportive care, as there is no specific antidote. The use of gastric lavage and activated charcoal for large ingestions may be effective. (R274)",P10275;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P62158;P03372;Q92731;Q9UL51;Q9Y3Q4;O60741;Q9P1Z3 ;P35498;Q9Y5Y9;Q9UI33;Q99250;Q9NY46;P35499;Q14524;Q01118;Q9UQD0;Q15858;Q07699;O60939;Q9NY72;Q8IWT1;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88
23,T3D0022,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:28 UTC,Hexachlorobutadiene,Organic Compound;Solvent;Organochloride,"1, 3-Butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-1,1,2,3,4, 4-Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene1,1,2,3,4,4-Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene1,1,2,3,4,4-Hexachloro-buta-1,3-diene1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (ACD/Name 4.0)1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachlorobuta-1,3-diene1,3-Butadiene, hexachloro-1,3-HexachlorobutadieneButadiene, hexachloro-Dolen-purHCBHCBDHEXACHLOROBUTADIENE13Hexachlor-1,3-butadienHexachlor-1,3-butadien (CZECH)Hexachlor-1,3-butadien [Czech]HexachlorbutadieneHexachloro-1,3-butadieneHexachlorobuta-1,3-dieneHexachlorobutadieneHexachlorobutadiene [UN2279] [Poison]Hexachlorobutadiene-(1,3)Perchloro-1,3-butadienePerchlorob utadienePerchlorobutadieneRCRA waste no. U128Rcra waste number U128WLN: gyguygyguygg","Hexachlorobutadiene is a man-made chemical primarily produced as a by-product in the production of carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethene. It is also used to make rubber compounds, lubricants, in gyroscopes, as a heat transfer liquid, as a hydraulic fluid, and as a solvent.
(R165, R166)",,87-68-3,6901,,C11091,"","",BUTADIENE,,C001335,Hexachlorobutadiene,692,,,,InChI=1/C4Cl6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10,"1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachlorobuta-1,3-diene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/aa0ebae15ab6917077cfc7681d7b44f6_1237934773.mol,C(=C(Cl)Cl)(C(=C(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C(=C(Cl)Cl)(C(=C(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C4Cl6,257.813120,Colorless liquid.,-21 °C,"","","0.0032 mg/mL at 25 °C [BANERJEE,S et al. (1980)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R166)","Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) 
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) 
Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) 
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) 
Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) 
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) 
Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) 
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) 
Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 (Q16773) 
Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 (Q6YP21) 
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (P19440) 
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 2 (P36268) 
Putative gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 3 (A6NGU5) 
Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 (P36269) 
Gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 (Q6P531) 
Gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 (Q9UJ14) 
(R166)","It is believed that intermediates produced by modification of the S- 1,1,2,3,4-pentachlorodienyl cysteine derivative metabolite by gamma-glutamyltransferase are responsible for the observed effects on the proximal tubules of the nephrons. These metabolites uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, preventing the generation of ATP, and also inhibit cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase activity and electron transport. The carcinogenic properties of hexachlorobutadiene are proposed to result from binding of the sulfenic acid degradation product or a thioketene intermediate to cellular DNA. The binding of hexachlorobutadiene to alpha 2u-globulin is believed to be an important factor in its nephrotoxicity. (R166, R167)","After absorption, most of the hexachlorobutadiene is carried to the liver, where it is metabolized by a glutathione-mediated pathway. It is initially bioactivated to S-glutathione conjugates which may later be metabolized further by beta-lyases and other enzymes. Hexachlorobutadiene and its metabolites preferentially distribute to the kidney, liver, adipose deposits, and possibly the brain. Metabolites are eventually excreted in the urine and faeces. (R166)","LD50: 90 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 175 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 1211 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R263)","","3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","Hexachlorobutadiene is primarily produced as a by-product in the production of carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethene. It is also used to make rubber compounds, lubricants, in gyroscopes, as a heat transfer liquid, as a hydraulic fluid, and as a solvent. (R166)",Intermediate Oral: 0.0002 mg/kg/day (R260),"Hexachlorobutadiene is damaging to the liver and kidney, and may result in fatty liver degeneration, epithelial necrotizing nephritis, central nervous system depression and cyanosis.
(R165, R166)",Inhalation of hexachlorobutadiene causes nasal irritation and difficulty breathing. (R166),"As there is no antidote for hexachlorobutadiene, exposure is usually treated symptomatically. (R166)",P05090;DNA;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
25,T3D0024,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:28 UTC,Aldrin,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"AldocitAldrexAldrex 30Aldrex 30 E.C.Aldrex 40Aldrin dustAldrin mixture, DRY (dot)Aldrin mixture, liquid (dot)Aldrin, cast solid (dot)Aldrin, liquid [NA2762] [Poison]Aldrin, solid [NA2761] [Poison]Aldrin-rAldrineAldrine [french]Aldrine(french)AldriteAldronAldrosolAlgranAltoxCaswell No. 012Compound 118DrinoxHHDNHHDN [bsi:iso]HHPNHexachlorohexahydro-endo, exo-dimethanonaphthaleneHexachlorohexahydro-endo,exo-dimethanonaphthaleneHexachlorohexahydro-endo-exo-dimethanonaphthaleneKortofinLatka 118 [Czech]MuraldOctaleneOctalene (van)RCRA waste no. P004RCRA waste number P004SeedrinSoilgrinTatuzinhoTipula","Aldrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an insecticide. Once in the insect, aldrin is oxidized into dieldrin, a neurotoxin. Due to the toxicity and ability of bioaccumulate of dieldrin, the use of aldrin is now banned in most parts of the world. (R279)",,309-00-2,61103,,C07552,"",25520,"",,D000452,Aldrin,41,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrin,"InChI=1/C12H8Cl6/c13-8-9(14)11(16)7-5-2-1-4(3-5)6(7)10(8,15)12(11,17)18/h1-2,4-7H,3H2/t4-,5-,6-,7+,10-,11-/m0/s1","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/96090e949eb1d88e27a59938a5746397_1237934973.mol,C1[C@@H]2C=C[C@@H]1[C@@H]3[C@H]2[C@@]4(C(=C([C@@]3(C4(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C=CC1C3C2C4(C(=C(C3(C4(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C12H8Cl6,361.875720,White powder.,104 °C,"","","1.7e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R155)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) 
Epoxide hydrolase 1 (P07099) 
Epoxide hydrolase 2 (P34913) 
(R155)","Aldrin antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. Aldrin also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (R029, R155)
","Aldrin is absorbed throught the gastrointestinal tract, lungs and skin. Following absorption, aldrin is redistributed primarily to fat via the lymphatic system. Once in the body, aldrin is readily converted to dieldrin, primarily in the liver by mixed-function oxidases of the cytochrome P-450 system, and to a lesser extent in the lung and skin. Aldrin may also be epoxidized to dieldrin by a prostaglandin synthetase-mediated pathway inextrahepatic tissues. Dieldrin is metabolized by liver microsomal monooxygenases and epoxide hydratases. Its metabolites, of which the primary one is 9-hydroxydieldrin, are excreted in the faeces. (R155)","LD50: 39 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R276)
LD50: 98 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R276)
LD50: 150 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R273)
LD50: 21 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R273)",5 to 7 grams for an adult human. (R281),"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)",Aldrin is used as an insecticide. (R279),"Acute Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.00003 mg/kg/day (R260)","Aldrin is a neurotoxin and works by overstimulating the central nervous system. Ingestion of large amounts of aldrin causes convulsions and death. However, chronic exposure to lower amounts of aldrin also has adverse affects because it is oxidized to dieldrin, which accumulates in the body. Dieldrin is known to damage the nervous system, liver, and immune system. (R155)","Exposure to aldrin results in headaches, dizziness, irritability, nausea and vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, muscular weakness, uncontrolled muscle movements, hyperexcitability, seizures and coma. (R155)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R280)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334;P03372;Q92731
26,T3D0025,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-14 20:44:13 UTC,"DDD, P,P'-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"(dichlorodiphenyl)dichloroethane1, 1-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane1, 1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane1,1-Bis(p-Chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane1,1-Dichloor-2, 2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan (DUTCH)1,1-Dichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan1,1-Dichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan [Dutch]1,1-Dichlor-2, 2-bis(4-chlor-phenyl)-aethan (GERMAN)1,1-Dichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-phenyl)-aethan1,1-Dichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-phenyl)-aethan [German]1,1-Dichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (FRENCH)1,1-Dichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Dichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Dichloro-2, 2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD)1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane [French]1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(parachlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane1,1-Dicloro-2, 2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano (ITALIAN)1,1-Dicloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano1,1-Dicloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano [Italian]1-Chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1, 1-dichloroethane2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane4,4'-DDD solutionBenzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro-Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro- (9CI)Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro-)Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis*4-chloro-Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-Benzene, {1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-}Caswell No. 307DDDDDD(p,p')DDD, p,p'-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethaneDichlorodiphenyl dichloroethaneDichlorodiphenyldichloroethaneDileneEthane, 1, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-P, p'-(dichlorodiphenyl)dichloroethaneP,p'-(dichlorodiphenyl)dichloroethaneP,p'-DDDP,p'-dichlorodip henyl dichloroethaneP,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethaneP,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethaneP,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)P,p'-tdeP,p-DDDP,p[-DDDRCRA waste no. U060RH othaneRcra waste number U060RhothaneRhothane d-3RothaneTDETetrachlorodiphenylethaneWLN: GYGYR dg&r DGp,p'-Dichlorodiphenyl-2,2-dichloroethylene","DDD, P,P'- is an isomer of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, an organochlorine insecticide. It is a component of commercial mixtures of DDT. DDT was once a widely used pesticide, but today its agricultural use has been banned worldwide due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate. However, it still has limited use in disease vector control. (R152)",,72-54-8,6294,,C06636,"",27841,CPD-8985,,D003632,"DDD, P,P'-",379,,,,"InChI=1/C14H10Cl4/c15-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)13(14(17)18)10-3-7-12(16)8-4-10/h1-8,13-14H","1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/8da495de62454c8796eb7c3ac8b1aef6_1237935050.mol,C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(Cl)Cl)Cl,C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(Cl)Cl)Cl,C14H10Cl4,317.953660,White solid.,109.5 °C,"","","9e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [BIGGAR,JW & RIGGS,RI (1974)]","","","",Ingestion (R153),"Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) 
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) 
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) 
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55)
(R153)","DDD toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDD reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDD inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. DDD inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDD also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. DDD is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (R029, R153)","DDD is absorbed in the stomach and intestine, after which it enters the lymphatic system and is carried throughout the body and incorporated into fatty tissues. Metabolism of DDD occurs mainly via cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver and kidney. Its metabolites, mainly DDA (bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid), are excreted in the urine. (R153)","LD50: 113 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R270)",5 g/kg for an adult human. (R270),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","DDD is found in DDT, which is used as a pesticide and in disease vector control. (R152)","","DDT has been shown to cause mild anemia. Exposure to DDT causes loss of weight and anorexia. DDT poisoning affects CNS function in humans, but pathologic changes are observed in the liver and reproductive organs. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrolobular necrosis after exposure to high concentrations, and an increase in the incidence of hepatic tumors have been noted. (R029)",DDT exposure causes ataxia and abnormal stepping. Acute signs of DDT poisoning include paresthesia after oral ingestion. Studies have shown that a mammal poisoned with DDT-type agents displays periodic persistent tremoring and/or convulsive seizures that are suggestive of repetitive discharges in neurons. These repetitive tremors and seizures can be initiated by tactile and auditory stimuli. (R029),"Treatment of DDT exposure should be primarily directed towards decontamination and supportive care, as there is no specific antidote. The use of gastric lavage and activated charcoal for large ingestions may be effective. (R274)",P10275;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P62158;P03372;Q92731;Q9UL51;Q9Y3Q4;O60741;Q9P1Z3 ;P35498;Q9Y5Y9;Q9UI33;Q99250;Q9NY46;P35499;Q14524;Q01118;Q9UQD0;Q15858;Q07699;O60939;Q9NY72;Q8IWT1;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88
27,T3D0026,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:28 UTC,Benzidine,Organic Compound;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Amine,"(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine1,1'-Biphenyl-4,4'-Diamine4'-Amino[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylamine4'-amino[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylamine (ACD/Name 4.0)4, 4'-Biphenylenediamine4,4'-Bianiline4,4'-Biphenyldiamine4,4'-Biphenylenediamine4,4'-Diamino-1,1'-biphenyl4,4'-Diaminobiphenyl4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl4,4'-Diphenylenediamine531-85-1 (DIHYDROCHLORIDE)B1883_SIGMAB3503_SIGMABENZIDINE (SEE ALSO BENZIDINEDIHYDROCHLORIDE 531-85-1)BIPHENYL,4,4'-DIAMINOBensidineBenzidinBenzidin (czech)Benzidin [czech]BenzidinaBenzidina (italian)Benzidina [italian]Benzidine (and its salts)Benzidine [UN1885] [Poison]Benzidine baseBenzidine dihydrochlorideBenzioineBenzydynaBenzydyna (polish)Benzydyna [polish]Biphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-Biphenyl,4, 4'-diamino-Biphenyl,4,4'-diamino-Fast corinth base bP,p'-bianilineP,p'-diaminobiphenylP,p'-dianilineP,p-bianilineP-benzidineP-diaminodiphenylRCRA waste no. U021Rcra waste number U021WLN: ZR dr DZ[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (ACD/Name 4.0)biphenyl -4,4'-ylenediaminebiphenyl-4,4'-diamine{[1,} 1'-Biphenyl\]-4,4'-diamine","Benzidine is a manufactured chemical that does not occur naturally. In the environment, benzidine is found either as an organic base or as a salt. Benzidine was used to produce dyes for cloth, paper, and leather, but is no longer produced or used commerically due to its carcinogenicity. (R168)",,92-87-5,7111,,C16444,"","","",,C029876,Benzidine,139,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzidine,"InChI=1/C12H12N2/c13-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)10-3-7-12(14)8-4-10/h1-8H,13-14H2",4-(4-aminophenyl)aniline,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/189a471e89900596b1fee30ba5e8fe9f_1237935133.mol,C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)N,C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC=C(C=C2)N)N,C12H12N2,184.100050,White solid.,120 °C,"","","0.322 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R168)","Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (P23219) 
Choline O-acetyltransferase (P28329) 
Carnitine O-acetyltransferase (P43155) 
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (P18440) 
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (P11245) 
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (P09917) 
Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S-type (P18054) 
Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type (O75342) 
Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (P16050) 
Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type II (O15296) 
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
(R168, R169, R170, R171)","N-acetylated benzidine metabolites are believed to form adducts with nucleic acids. Carcinogenesis is initiated when they are activated by peroxidation by prostaglandin H synthetase, oxidation by cytochrome P-450, or O-esterification by O-acetyltransferase or N,O-acetyltransferase. Benzidine has also been shown to bind to RNA and hemoglobin. (R168, R169)","Benzidine is absorpted following inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. Metabolism involves multiple and complex enzymatic pathways, including cytochrome P-450 and flavin monooxygenase systems, peroxidation by prostaglandin H synthase, and oxidation by lipoxygenases. The main reactions involved are N-acetylation, N-oxidation, and N-glucuronidation. Benzidine and its metabolites are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R168)","LD50: 309 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 110 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)","","1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Benzidine was used to produce dyes for cloth, paper, and leather. (R168)","","Benzidine is a known human carcinogen, most often associated with cancer of the urinary bladder. If benzidine comes in contact with skin it may cause a skin allergy. Liver, kidney, immune, and neurological effects have also been observed in animals exposed to benzidine. (R168)","","",P69905;P68871;P02042;P02100;P69891;P69892;Q6B0K9;P09105;P02008;DNA
28,T3D0027,2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC,2009-08-11 15:56:26 UTC,Aroclor 1248,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1,1'-Biphenyl, 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-1,1'-Biphenyl, 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro- (9CI)3,3',5,5'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL3,3',5,5'-Tetrachlorodiphenyl3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-1,1'-biphenyl3,5,3',5'-TetrachlorobiphenylAroclor 1248Biphenyl, 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-Biphenyl, 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro- (8CI)Kanechlor 400Kaneclor 400Polychlorinated biphenyl (kanechlor 400)","Aroclor 1248 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 48%. It is composed of mono- to heptachlorinated homologs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,12672-29-6,36400,,"","","","",,C028617,Aroclor 1248,6366,,,,InChI=1/C12H6Cl4/c13-9-1-7(2-10(14)5-9)8-3-11(15)6-12(16)4-8/h1-6H,"1,3-dichloro-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=C(C=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C2=CC(=CC(=C2)Cl)Cl,C1=C(C=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C2=CC(=CC(=C2)Cl)Cl,C12H6Cl4,289.922360,Oily liquids or solids that are colorless to light yellow. ,Boiling Pt : 340-375 °C,"","","0.0001 mg/mL at 20 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","","Oral
Inhalation
Dermal 
(R012)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
(R012)","The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are transported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 11 g/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardouc waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptoms can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;Q92731;P07101;P20711
29,T3D0028,2009-03-06 18:57:57 UTC,2009-08-26 22:19:50 UTC,Cyanide,Organic Compound;Cyanide Compound;Nitrile,"151-50-8 (POTASSIUM)CN(-)CN-CYNCarbon nitride ionCarbon nitride ion (CN(sup 1-))Carbon nitride ion (cn1-)Chuck norrisiumCyanide (CN(sup 1-))Cyanide (anion)Cyanide (cn1-)Cyanide anionCyanide ionCyanide ionsCyanide standard for icCyanide with potassium saltCyanide(1-)Cyanide(1-) ionCyanide, freeCyanoCyanureCyanure [french]Hydrocyanic acid, ion(1-)Hydrocyanic acid, ion(1-)-IsocyanideNMENitrile anionPotassium cyanidePotassium cyanide - zinc cyanide solutionPrussiateRCRA waste no. P030Rcra waste number P030Zyanidnitridocarbonate(1-)","Certain bacteria, fungi, and algae can produce cyanide, and cyanide is found in a number of foods and plants. Cyanides also occur naturally as part of sugars or other naturally-occurring compounds. (R172)",,57-12-5,5975,,C00177,"",17514,CPD-1074,,,Cyanide,6413,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide,InChI=1/CN/c1-2/q-1,cyanide,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/b6f626f0c38d65a6275e7599cb7dd60a_1237935336.mol,[C-]#N,[C-]#N,[CN]-,26.003071,"","","","","","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R172)","Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Q16762) 
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (P25325) 
(R172)","Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known to produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (R173)","Cyanide is rapidly absorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (R172)","",200 to 300 mg for an adult human (cyanide salts). (R383),,"Cyanide compounds are used in electroplating, metallurgy, organic chemicals production, photographic developing, manufacture of plastics, fumigation of ships, and some mining processes. (R172)","","Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (R172, R173)","Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (R172, R173)","Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (R173)",P00395;P00403;P00414;P13073;P20674;P10606;P12074;Q02221;P14854;P09669;P24310;P14406;P24311;P15954;P10176;P04040;P07203;P18283;P22352;P36969;O75715;P59796;P14679;Q6YFQ2;Q96KJ9;Q8TF08;Q7Z4L0;Q96SL4;P00441;P05186;P10696;Q99643;O14521;P31040;P21912;P00390;O60397;Q8TED1 ;P08294
30,T3D0029,2009-03-06 18:57:57 UTC,2009-08-11 15:56:25 UTC,Aroclor 1242,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1,1'-Biphenyl, 2,2',4,4'-tetrachloro-2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorodiphenyl2,2',4,4'-tetrachloro-1,1'-biphenyl2,4,2',4'-TetrachlorobiphenylAroclor 1242Biphenyl, 2,2',4,4'-tetrachloro-Chlorierte biphenyle, chlorgehalt 42% [German]Chlorodiphenyl (42% Cl)Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine)Chlorodiphenyl, 42% chlorineClorodifenili, cloro 42% [Italian]Diphenyle chlore, 42% de chlore [French]Gechloreerdedifenyl [dutch]Polychlorinated biphenyl (aroclor 1242)Polychlorobiphenyls (42% chlorine)aroclor-1242","Aroclor 1242 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 41.5%. It is composed of mono- to hexachlorinated homologs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,53469-21-9,17097,,"","","","",,C027423,Aroclor 1242,,,,,InChI=1/C12H6Cl4/c13-7-1-3-9(11(15)5-7)10-4-2-8(14)6-12(10)16/h1-6H,"2,4-dichloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl,C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl,C12H6Cl4,289.922360,Oily liquids or solids that are colorless to light yellow. ,"","","","0.000277 mg/mL at 20 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","","Oral
Inhalation
Dermal 
(R012)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
(R012)","The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are transported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 4250 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardouc waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptons can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;P20711;P07101;Q92731
32,T3D0031,2009-03-06 18:57:57 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:29 UTC,Toxaphene,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,CamphechlorToxaphene,"Toxaphene is an insecticide containing over 670 chemicals. It was once widenly used, but it is now banned in most areas due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate in the environment. (R183)",,8001-35-2,5284469,,C15470,"","","",,D014112,Toxaphene,1399,,,,"InChI=1/C10H8Cl8/c1-4-7(2-11,3-12)9(16)6(14)5(13)8(4,15)10(9,17)18/h5-6H,1-3H2","1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachloro-6,6-bis(chloromethyl)-5-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C=C1C(C2(C(C(C1(C2(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)(CCl)CCl,C=C1C(C2(C(C(C1(C2(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)(CCl)CCl,C10H8Cl8,407.813420,Yellow solid.,77 °C,"","","0.00055 mg/mL at 20 °C [MURPHY,TJ et al. (1987)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation
(R183)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) 
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) 
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) 
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55)
(R183)","The main effects of toxaphene are believed to be caused by the over stimulation of the central nervous system. The stimulation is proposed to be the result of the noncompetitive inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid-dependent chloride ion channels by various components of toxaphene and its metabolites. Components of toxaphene have also been shown to inhibit sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, calcium transporting ATPases, adenylate cyclase, and acetylcholinesterase, affecting the nervous system by increasing neuron sensitivity. Toxaphene also activates the estrogen receptors, causing estrogenic effects. (R183, R184, R185, R215)","Toxaphene is absorbed through the intestines and lungs, then distributed mainly to fat tissues. Due to the complex composition of toxaphene, it requires various metabolic pathways to degrade, which involve dechlorination, dehydrodechlorination, and oxidation. Metabolism occurs primarily by hepatic mixed-function oxidases, and metabolites are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R183)","LD50: 50 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R283) 
LD50: 600 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R283)",2 to 7 grams for an adult human. (183),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",Toxaphene was used as an insecticide. (R183) ,"Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260)","Ingesting or inhaling toxaphene has been shown to cause damage to the lungs, nervous system, kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and immune system. It is also known to cause developmental defects. (R183)","","",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P03372;Q92731;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;Q08828;Q96PN6;Q08462;O60266;Q8NFM4;O95622;O43306;P51828;P40145;O60503;P22303;P78334
33,T3D0032,2009-03-06 18:57:57 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:29 UTC,"Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"«gamma»-BHC«gamma»-HCH«gamma»-benzene hexachloride«gamma»-hexachloran«gamma»-hexachlorane«gamma»-hexachlorobenzene«gamma»-hexachlorocyclohexane«gamma»-lindane«gamma»1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane(1R,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1R,2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2R,3S,4r,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2R,3S,4s,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2c,3c,4t,5c,6t)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2c,3t,4t,5c,6t)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1s,2R,3R,4s,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane1,2,3,4,5,6-«gamma»-Hexachlorocyclohexane1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane («gamma»)1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (all stereo isomers)1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixture of isomers)1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma isomer1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha isomer1a,2a,3b,4a,5b,6b-hexachlorocyclohexane1a,2b,3a,4b,5a,6b-hexachlorocyclohexaneAalindanAficideAgrocideAgrocide IIIAgrocide WPAgronexitAlpha- BHCAlpha-BHCAlpha-HCHAlpha-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Alpha-HCH solutionAlpha-benzene hexachlorideAlpha-benzenehexachlorideAlpha-hexachloranAlpha-hexachloraneAlpha-hexachlorocyclohexaneAlpha-hexachlorocyclohexanesAlpha-lindaneAm eisenatodAmeisenatodAmeisenmittel merckAmeisentodAparasinAphtiriaAphtitriaAplidalArbitexArcotal sAtlas stewardBBHBCHBHCBHC (alpha-, beta-, gamma-)BHC (insecticide)BHC insecticideBHC or HCHBHC(«gamma»)Ben-hexBenhexachlorBenhexolBentox 10BenzanexBenzene hexachlorideBenzene hexachloride (ambiguous)Benzene hexachloride, «gamma»Benzene hexachloride, all isomersBenzene hexachloride-alpha-isomerBenzene hexachloride-gamma isomerBenzene hexachloride-gamma-isomerBenzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloride ((Ambiguous)Benzene-cis-hexachlorideBenzene-trans-hexachlorideBenzenehexachloride, mixed isomersBenzenehexachloride-alpha-isomerBenzexBeta-BHCBeta-HCHBeta-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Beta-HCH solutionBeta-benzene hexachlorideBeta-hexac hlorocyclohexaneBeta-hexachloranBeta-hexachlorobenzeneBeta-hexachlorocyclohexaneBeta-hexachlorocyclohexanesBeta-isomerBeta-lindaneBexolBorer sprayCPD with unspecified stereochemistryCaswell No. 079Caswell No. 527CelanexChinoin brand of lindaneChloreseneCodechineCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, «gamma»-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, (mixed isomers)Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, alpha-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, alpha-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, beta-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, delta-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, delta-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, gamma-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, gamma-isomerCyclohexane, beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-Cyclohexane, delta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-DBHDelitexDelta-BHCDelta-HCHDelta-benzene hexachlorideDelta-benzenehexachlorideDelta-hexachlorocyclohexaneDelta-lindaneDetmol extractDetmol-extraktDevoranDol granuleDolmixDrill tox-spezial aglukonDrilltox-spezial aglukonEntomoxanEpsilon HCHEpsilon-HCHEpsilon-hexachlorocyclohexaneEso dermEsodermExagamaFenoform forteForlinForst-nexenFumite lindaneGallogamaGamacarbatoxGamacidGamacideGamacide 20GamaphexGameneGamisoGamma 666Gamma BHCGamma benzene hexachlorideGamma hexachlorGamma hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-666Gamma-:hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-BHCGamma-BHC (lindane)Gamma-BHC benhexachlorGamma-BHC dustGamma-HCHGamma-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Gamma-HCH dustGamma-HCH or gamma-BHCGamma-benzene hexachlorideGamma-benzenehexachlorideGamma-benzohexachlorideGamma-colGamma-hexachloraneGamma-hexachlorcyclohexanumGamma-hexachlorobenzeneGamma-hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-linda neGamma-lindaneGamma-mean 400Gamma666GammahexaGammahexaneGammalinGammalin 20GammasanGammaterrGammexGammexaneGammopazGamtoxGeobilanGexaneGybenH.c.hHCCHCCHHCHHCH (alpha)HCH (beta)HCH [bsi]HCH [iso]HCH, technical grade [hexachlorocyclohexanes]HEXAHGIHeclotoxHecoltoxHexablancHexachlorHexachloranHexachloraneHexachlorcyclohexanHexachlorcyclohexan [german]Hexachloride, benzeneHexachloride, gamma-benzeneHexachlorocyclohexaneHexachlorocyclohexane (all isomers)Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixed isomers)Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixture)Hexachlorocyclohexane (technical grade)Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma isomerHexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomerHexachlorocyclohexane, technicalHexachlorocyclohexane, technical gradeHexachlorocyclohexane,«gamma»-isomerHexachlorocyclohexane-alphaHexachlorocyclohexane-betaHexachlorocyclohexanesHexachlorzyklohexanHexamulHexapoudreHexatoxHexavermHexcidumHexicideHexit Shampoo 1.0%Hexit lotionHexyclanHilbeec hHilbeechHortexInexitInfectopharm brand of lindaneInsecticide, BHCIsatoxIsot oxIsotoxJacutinKokotineKwellKwell-rLacco hi linLasochronLatka 666 [Czech]LendineLentoxLidenalLindaforLindagamLindagrainLindagranoxLindaloLindam ulLindamulLindane (benzene hexachloroide-gamma isomer)Lindane (g-BHC)Lindane (gamma-HCH)Lindane [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Lindane [usan:inn:ban]Lindano [inn-spanish]Lindanum [inn-latin]LindapoudreLindaterraLindatoxLindexLindosepLintoxLinvurLorexaneMglawik lMilbol 49Mixture nameMszycolMurfume grain store smokeNeo-scabicidolNew kotolNexen FBNexen-FBNexi t-starkNexitNexit-starkNexol-eNicochloranNovigamNoviganOmnitoxOvadziakOwadziakPLKPMS lindanePMS-lindanePS71_SUPELCOPedraczakPflanzolPharmascience brand of lindanePms-Lindane Lot 1%Pms-Lindane Shp 1%PmslindaneQuelladaRCRA waste no. U129RCRA waste number U129Sang gammaSang-«gamma»ScabecidScabeneScabene lotionScabisanSilvanolSpritz-rapidinSpritzlindaneSpruehpflanzolStiefel brand of lindaneStreunexSubmarT-HCHTBHTechnical HCHTechnical hexachlorocyclohexaneTetocidTrans-alpha-benzenehexachlorideTri-6Trives-tVerindal ultraVitonagrisol g-20agrocide 2agrocide 6gagrocide 7alpha-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanebeta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanedelta-(Aeeeee)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexanedelta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanedetox 25g-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanegamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanegeolin g 3hungaria l7","Hexachlorocyclohexane, Gamma- is one of eight isoforms of the commercially manufactured chemical hexachlorocyclohexane. It is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (R186)",,58-89-9,727,,C06988,"",32888,GAMMA-HCH,,D001556,"Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-",695,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindane,"InChI=1/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H/t1-,2-,3+,4+,5-,6-","1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/7f0d48cdd4a476e9de202b4063e18374_1237935760.mol,C1(C(C(C(C(C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1(C(C(C(C(C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C6H6Cl6,287.860070,White solid or colorless vapor.,112.5 °C,"","","0.0073 mg/mL at 25 °C [RICHARDSON,LT & MILLER,DM (1960)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R186)","Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) 
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
(R186)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. It is also believed to inhibit sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases and be an endocrine disruptor. In the liver, hexachlorocyclohexane is thought to cause oxidative stress by interfering with hepatic oxidative capacity and glutathione metabolism, increasing lipid metabolism, and inhibiting magnesium ATPase activity. Hexachlorocyclohexane may also inhibit gap junction and intercellular communication, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor promotion. (R186, R187, R188)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is absorbed through the skin, lungs, and intestines, then distributed mainly to the adipose tissue but also to the brain, kidney, muscle, and blood. Metabolism occurs via dechlorination, dehydrogenation, dehydrochlorination, and hydroxylation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The main metabolites are polychlorophenols and 1,2,4-trichlorocyclohexane-4,5-epoxide, which are excreted in the urine. (R186)","LD50: 76 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 50 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R263)
LD50: 125 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)",28 g for an adult human. (R270),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (R186)","Acute Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.00001 mg/kg/day (R260)","Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. Hexachlorocyclohexane is known to damage the liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as cause blood disorders and reproductive and developmental defects. Hexachlorocyclohexane is also potentially carcinogenic. (R186, R187)","Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. (R187)","Hexachlorocyclohexane poisoning is treated symptomatically. Gastric lavage, followed by the administration of activated charcoal, may be performed upon ingestion. (R284)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P62508;P10275;P06401;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P03372;Q92731
34,T3D0033,2009-03-06 18:57:57 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:29 UTC,Tetrachloroethylene,Organic Compound;Solvent;Organochloride,"1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloroethylene1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (ACD/Name 4.0)AnkilostinAntisal 1Antisol 1Carbon bichlorideCarbon dichlorideCaswell No. 827CzterochloroetylenCzterochloroetylen [polish]Czterochloroetylen(polish)DidakeneDilatin PTDistillex DS4Dow-perDowperEthene, tetrachloro-Ethylene tetrachlorideEthylene, tetrachloro-Fedal-unNEMANema (van)Nema, veterinaryPCEPERPERCPERKPerawi nPerawinPerchloorethyleen, perPerchloorethyleen, per [dutch]Perchloorethyleen, per(dutch)PerchlorPerchloraethylen, perPerchloraethylen, per [german]Perchloraethylen, per(german)PerchlorethylenePerchlorethylene, perPerchlorethylene, per [french]Perchlorethylene, per(french)PerchloroethylenePerclenePerclene TGPerclene dPercloroetilenePercloroetilene [italian]Percloroetilene(italian)PercosolvPercosolvePerklonePersecRCRA waste no. U210Rcra waste number U210TCETetlenTetracapTetrachlooretheenTetrachlooretheen [dutch]Tetrachlooretheen(dutch)TetrachloraethenTetrachloraethen [german]Tetrachloraethen(german)TetrachlorethyleneTetrachloroetheneTetrachloroethylene (iupac)Tetrachloroethylene [UN1897] [Poison]TetracloroeteneTetracloroetene [italian]Tetracloroetene(italian)TetraguerTetralenoTetralexTetravecTetrochloroethaneTetroguerTetropilWLN: gyguygg","Tetrachloroethylene is a manufactured chlorocarbon. It is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metal-degreasing. It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products, such as paint strippers and spot removers. (R198)",,127-18-4,31373,,C06789,"",17300,TETRACHLOROETHENE,,D013750,Tetrachloroethylene,1350,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene,InChI=1/C2Cl4/c3-1(4)2(5)6,"1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/d357c496b520067b32e79974ca525b1d_1237935959.mol,C(=C(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl,C(=C(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl,C2Cl4,163.875410,Colorless liquid.,-22.3 °C,"","","0.206 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL et al. (1999)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R198)","Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) 
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) 
Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) 
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) 
Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) 
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) 
Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) 
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
(R198)","Tetrachloroethylene is believed to affect the central nervous system by altering the fatty acid pattern of brain phospholipids and amino acids, or being incorporated into brain membranes, which may alter neural conduction velocity. Tetrachloroethylene's liver toxicity is caused mainly by its metabolite, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), which induces hepatocellular peroxisomes, causing DNA damage and leading to liver cancer. It is also thought to interfere specifically with energy-dependent hepatic transport functions by inhibiting cell membrane ATPases and decreasing hepatocyte ATP levels. (R198, R199)","Tetrachloroethylene is readily absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. Once tetrachloroethylene is absorbed, its relatively high lipophilicity results in distribution to
fatty tissue. Some tetrachloroethylene is metabolized to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) by cytochrome P-450 enzymes and the glutathione-conjugation pathway, then excreted in the urine. The remaining unmetabolized tetrachloroethylene is exhaled. (R198)","LD50: 3835 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R198)
LD50: 4678 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R276)",2857 mg/kg for an adult human. (R261),"2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Tetrachloroethylene is used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metal-degreasing. It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products, such as paint strippers and spot removers. (R198)","Acute Inhalation: 2 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.1 ppm (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (R260)","Tetrachloroethylene is a central nervous system depressant. It is also known to cause liver and kidney damage, and is a probably carcinogen. (R198)","Exposure to high concentrations of tetrachloroethylene can cause dizziness, headache, sleepiness, confusion, nausea, difficulty in speaking and walking, unconsciousness, and death. Irritation may result from repeated or extended skin contact with it. (R198)","Tetrachloroethylene has no known antidote, and exposure is usually treated symptomatically. (R198)",P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P03372;Q92731
35,T3D0034,2009-03-06 18:57:57 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:29 UTC,Heptachlor,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachlorotetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachlorodicyclopentadiene3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-Heptachlorodicyclopentadiene3-Chlorochlordene:heptachlorAaheptaAgroceresArbinex 30TNBasaklorCaswell No. 474Dicyclopentadiene, 3,4,5,6,7,8, 8a-heptachloro-Dicyclopentadiene, 3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-heptachloro-DrinoxDrinox H-34EptacloroEptacloro (italian)Eptacloro [italian]GPKHGold Crest H-60, TermideHeptaHepta klorHeptachloorHeptachloor (dutch)Heptachloor [dutch]Heptachlor (technical grade)Heptachlor [bsi:iso]Heptachlor and metabolitesHeptachlor solutionHeptachloraneHeptachloreHeptachlore (french)Heptachlore [french]Heptachlore [iso-french]Heptachlorotetrahydro-4, 7-methanoindeneHeptachlorotetrahydro-4,7-methanoindeneHeptagranHeptagranoxHeptaklorHeptamakHeptamulHeptasolHeptoxLatka 104Latka 104 [Czech]RCRA waste no. P059Rcra waste number P059RhodiachlorSoleptaxTechnical heptachlorTetrahydroVelsicol 104Velsicol heptachlorWLN: L C555 A DU IUTJ AG AG BG FG HG IG JGalpha-Dicyclopentadiene, 3,4,5,6,7,8,8A-heptachloro-","Heptachlor is a manufactured cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide. As it is a persistant organic pollutant, heptachlor use is banned or limited in most areas. (R218, R219)",,76-44-8,3589,,C14185,"",34785,"",,D006533,Heptachlor,688,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptachlor,"InChI=1/C10H5Cl7/c11-4-2-1-3-5(4)9(15)7(13)6(12)8(3,14)10(9,16)17/h1-5H/t3?,4?,5?,8-,9+/m0/s1","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/0e8f92fceca5c9b8e144bebbc110e8ef_1237936085.mol,C1=CC(C2C1C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1=CC(C2C1C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C10H5Cl7,369.821090,White or tan powder.,95.5 °C,,,"0.00018 mg/mL at 25 °C [BIGGAR,JW & RIGGS,RI (1974)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R218)","Alkaline phosphatase (P05186) 
Cytochrome P450 19A1 (P11511) 
Cytochrome P450 19A2 (P05177) 
(R218)","Heptachlor is a central nervous system stimulant. It non-competitively blocks neurotransmitter action at gamma-amino butyric acid receptors, resulting in overstimulation of the nervous system. Heptachlor is also believed to exert carcinogenic effects by activating key kinases in signalling pathways and inhibiting apoptosis. (R218, R220, R221)","Heptachlor is readily absorbed by the skin, lungs and gastrointestinal tract. It is readily metabolized by liver microsomes into heptachlor epoxide, its most persistent and toxic metabolite, which is mainly stored in adipose tissue. Heptachlor epoxide is excreted in the urine and faeces. (R218)","LC50: 150 mg/kg over 4 hours (Inhalation, Cat) (R285)
LD50: 500-2000 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R285)
LD50: 80-90 mg/kg (Oral, Rabbit) (R285)
LD50: 27 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R285)",,"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Heptachlor was originally widely produced as an insecticide, but is now used only in fire ant control in underground transformers. (R218)","Acute Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (R260)","Exposure to heptachlor may cause damage to your liver, nervous system, and immune system. (R218)","Heptachlor poisoning may cause convulsions, vomiting, seizures, confusion, incoordination, excitability, coma, hypotension, and respiratory failure. (R218)","Treatment is symptomatic and is aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. (R218)
",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
36,T3D0035,2009-03-06 18:57:57 UTC,2009-08-11 14:27:43 UTC,"1,2-Dibromoethane",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Gasoline Additive/Component;Organochloride,"α,β-dibromoethane.alpha.,.beta.-dibromoethane1,2 Dibromoethane1,2,Dibromoethane1,2-DIBROMO TETRADEUTERO ETHANE1,2-Dibromaethan1,2-Dibromaethan [German]1,2-Dibromoetano1,2-Dibromoetano [Italian]1,2-Dibromoethane1,2-Dibromoethane solution1,2-Dibromoethane(Ethylene bromide)1,2-Dibromomethane1,2-Dibroomethaan1,2-Dibroomethaan [Dutch]1,2-Ethylene dibromide1,2-dibromoethane (EDB)AadibroomAethylenbromidAethylenbromid [german]Alpha,beta-dibromoethaneAlpha,omega-dibromoethaneBromide, ethyleneBromofumeBromuro di etileBromuro di etile [italian]CH2BrCH2BrCaswell No. 439CelmideDBEDibromide, ethyleneDibromides, ethyleneDibromoet haneDibromoethaneDibromoethane, 1,2-DibromoethyleneDibromure d'ethyleneDibromure d'ethylene [french]Dibromure d'ethylene [iso-french]DowfumeDowfume 40Dowfume W 85Dowfume W-100Dowfume W-8Dowfume W-85Dowfume W-90Dowfume W85Dowfume edbDwubromoetanDwubromoetan [polish]E-d-beeEDBEdabromEthylene bromideEthylene dibromideEthylene dibromide [UN1605] [Poison]Ethylene dibromide [bsi:iso]Ethylene dibromidesFumo-gasGarden dowfumeGlycol bromideGlycol dibromideIscobrome dKopfumeNefisNephisPestmasterPestmaster edb-85RCRA waste no. U067Rcra waste number U067SYM dibromoethaneSYM-dibromoethaneSanhyuumSoilbromSoilbrom 90ECSoilbrom-100Soilbrom-40Soilbrom-85Soilbrom-90Soilbrom-90ecSoilbrome-85SoilfumeUnifume","1,2-Dibromoethane is a mainly synthetic chemical that also occurs in small amounts naturally in the ocean. It was once widely used as an additive in leaded gasoline and a pesticide, however, today it's use is restricted to only certain pesticides and dye preparations. (R222)",,106-93-4,7839,,C11088,"",28534,CPD-8985,,D015946,"1,2-Dibromoethane",418,,,,InChI=1/C2H4Br2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H2,"1,2-dibromoethane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/a39d3bb4b587630d5698bc9eb983ca6b_1237936224.mol,C(CBr)Br,C(CBr)Br,C2H4Br2,185.867980,Colorless liquid.,9.9 °C,,,"3.91 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL et al. (1999)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R222)","Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) 
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) 
Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) 
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) 
Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) 
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) 
Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) 
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) 
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) 
(R222)","The metabolite 2-bromoacetaldehyde produces liver damage by binding to cellular proteins. S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione, another metabolite, exerts genotoxic and carcinogenic effects by binding to DNA. Antispermatogenic effects of 1,2-dibromoethanes metabolites may be caused by their covalent binding to thiol groups of nucleoproteins in nuclei of spermatozoa. Such adduct formation interferes with DNA, causing improper packing of the chromatin. (R222)","1,2-Dibromoethane is rapidly absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, then distributed mainly to the kidneys, liver, and spleen. It can be metabolized by either the cytochrome P-450 system or the glutathione  S-transferase system. Many of the metabolites are toxic, and include 2-bromoacetaldehyde and S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione. These metabolites may be further broken down and excreted in the urine. (R222)","LD50: 108 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 300 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 220 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263) 
LC50: 14300 mg/m3 over 30 mins (Inhalation, Rat) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","1,2-Dibromoethane was once widely used as an additive in leaded gasoline and a pesticide, however, today it's use is restricted to only certain pesticides (treatment of logs for termites and beetles, control of moths in beehives) and dye preparations. (R222)",,"Long term exposure can result in liver, kidney, and reproductive system damage. 1,2-Dibromoethane is also known to have adverse effects on the brain. (R222)","Redness and inflammation, including skin blisters and mouth and stomach ulcers, can occur if large amounts of 1,2-dibromoethaneare are swallowed. Breathing high levels may cause depression and collapse. (R222)","",P02768;DNA;P03372;Q92731
37,T3D0036,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:30 UTC,"Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"β,1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexaneβ-BHCβ-HCHβ-benzene hexachlorideβ-hexachlorocyclohexaneβ-lindane(1R,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1R,2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2R,3S,4r,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2R,3S,4s,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2c,3c,4t,5c,6t)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2c,3t,4t,5c,6t)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1s,2R,3R,4s,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (all stereo isomers)1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixture of isomers)1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma isomer1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha isomer1a,2a,3b,4a,5b,6b-hexachlorocyclohexane1a,2b,3a,4b,5a,6b-hexachlorocyclohexaneAalindanAficideAgrocideAgrocide IIIAgrocide WPAgronexitAlpha- BHCAlpha-BHCAlpha-HCHAlpha-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Alpha-HCH solutionAlpha-benzene hexachlorideAlpha-benzenehexachlorideAlpha-hexachloranAlpha-hexachloraneAlpha-hexachlorocyclohexaneAlpha-hexachlorocyclohexanesAlpha-lindaneAm eisenatodAmeisenatodAmeisenmittel merckAmeisentodAparasinAphtiriaAphtitriaAplidalArbitexArcotal sBBHBCHBHCBHC βBHC (alpha-, beta-, gamma-)BHC (insecticide)BHC insecticideBHC or HCHBHC-β isomerBen-hexBenhexachlorBenhexolBenzanexBenzene hexachlorideBenzene hexachloride (ambiguous)Benzene hexachloride, all isomersBenzene hexachloride-alpha-isomerBenzene hexachloride-gamma isomerBenzene hexachloride-gamma-isomerBenzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloride ((Ambiguous)Benzene-cis-hexachlorideBenzene-trans-hexachlorideBenzenehexachloride, mixed isomersBenzenehexachloride-alpha-isomerBenzexBeta-BHCBeta-HCHBeta-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Beta-HCH solutionBeta-benzene hexachlorideBeta-hexac hlorocyclohexaneBeta-hexachloranBeta-hexachlorobenzeneBeta-hexachlorocyclohexaneBeta-hexachlorocyclohexanesBeta-isomerBeta-lindaneBexolBorer sprayCPD with unspecified stereochemistryCaswell No. 079Caswell No. 527CelanexChinoin brand of lindaneChloreseneCodechineCyclohexane, β-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, β-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, β-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, (mixed isomers)Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, alpha-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, alpha-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, beta-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, delta-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, delta-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, gamma-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, gamma-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, trans-Cyclohexane, beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-Cyclohexane, delta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-DBHDelitexDelta-BHCDelta-HCHDelta-benzene hexachlorideDelta-benzenehexachlorideDelta-hexachlorocyclohexaneDelta-lindaneDetmol extractDetmol-extraktDevoranDol granuleDolmixDrill tox-spezial aglukonDrilltox-spezial aglukonEntomoxanEpsilon HCHEpsilon-HCHEpsilon-benzenehexachlorideEpsilon-hexachlorocyclohexaneEso dermEsodermExagamaFenoform forteForlinForst-nexenGallogamaGamacarbatoxGamacidGamacideGamacide 20GamaphexGameneGamisoGamma 666Gamma BHCGamma benzene hexachlorideGamma hexachlorGamma hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-666Gamma-:hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-BHCGamma-BHC (lindane)Gamma-BHC benhexachlorGamma-HCHGamma-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Gamma-HCH or gamma-BHCGamma-benzene hexachlorideGamma-benzenehexachlorideGamma-benzohexachlorideGamma-colGamma-hexachloraneGamma-hexachlorcyclohexanumGamma-hexachlorobenzeneGamma-hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-linda neGamma-lindaneGamma-mean 400Gamma666GammahexaGammahexaneGammalinGammaterrGammexGammexaneGammopazGamtoxGeobilanGexaneGybenH.c.hHC βHCCHCCHHCHHCH (alpha)HCH (beta)HCH [bsi]HCH [iso]HCH, technical grade [hexachlorocyclohexanes]HCH-βHEXAHGIHeclotoxHecoltoxHexablancHexachlorHexachloranHexachloraneHexachlorcyclohexanHexachlorcyclohexan [german]Hexachloride, benzeneHexachloride, gamma-benzeneHexachlorocyclohexaneHexachlorocyclohexane (all isomers)Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixed isomers)Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixture)Hexachlorocyclohexane (technical grade)Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma isomerHexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomerHexachlorocyclohexane, technicalHexachlorocyclohexane, technical gradeHexachlorocyclohexane-alphaHexachlorocyclohexane-betaHexachlorocyclohexanesHexachlorzyklohexanHexamulHexapoudreHexatoxHexavermHexcidumHexicideHexit Shampoo 1.0%Hexit lotionHexyclanHilbeec hHilbeechHortexInexitInfectopharm brand of lindaneInsecticide, BHCIsatoxIsot oxIsotoxJacutinKokotineKwellKwell-rLacco hi linLasochronLatka 666 [Czech]LendineLentoxLidenalLindaforLindagamLindagrainLindagranoxLindaloLindam ulLindamulLindane (benzene hexachloroide-gamma isomer)Lindane (gamma-HCH)Lindane [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Lindane [usan:inn:ban]Lindano [inn-spanish]Lindanum [inn-latin]LindapoudreLindaterraLindatoxLindexLindosepLintoxLinvurLorexaneMglawik lMixture nameMszycolNeo-scabicidolNexen FBNexen-FBNexi t-starkNexitNexit-starkNexol-eNicochloranNovigamNoviganOmnitoxOvadziakOwadziakPLKPMS lindanePMS-lindanePS71_SUPELCOPedraczakPflanzolPharmascience brand of lindanePms-Lindane Lot 1%Pms-Lindane Shp 1%PmslindaneQuelladaRCRA waste no. U129RCRA waste number U129Sang gammaScabecidScabeneScabisanSilvanolSpritz-rapidinSpritzlindaneSpruehpflanzolStiefel brand of lindaneStreunexSubmarT-HCHTBHTRI-6Technical HCHTechnical hexachlorocyclohexaneTetocidTrans-α-benzenehexachlorideTrans-alpha-benzenehexachlorideTrives-tVerindal ultraVitonagrisol g-20agrocide 2agrocide 6gagrocide 7alpha-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanebentox 10beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanedelta-(Aeeeee)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexanedelta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanedetox 25gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanegammalin 20geolin g 3hungaria l7milbol 49","Hexachlorocyclohexane, Beta- is one of eight isoforms of the commercially manufactured chemical hexachlorocyclohexane. It is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (R186)",,319-85-7,727,,C06988,"",32888,GAMMA-HCH,,C023888,"Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-",694,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindane,"InChI=1/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H/t1-,2-,3+,4+,5-,6-","1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/65658d076507b5695b0cd4f4890dd2d9_1237936377.mol,C1(C(C(C(C(C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1(C(C(C(C(C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C6H6Cl6,287.860070,White solid or colorless vapor.,314.5 °C,"","","0.00024 mg/mL at 25 °C [WEIL,L et al. (1974)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R186)","Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) 
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
(R186)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. It is also believed to inhibit sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases and be an endocrine disruptor. In the liver, hexachlorocyclohexane is thought to cause oxidative stress by interfering with hepatic oxidative capacity and glutathione metabolism, increasing lipid metabolism, and inhibiting magnesium ATPase activity. Hexachlorocyclohexane may also inhibit gap junction and intercellular communication, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor promotion. (R186, R187, R188)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is absorbed through the skin, lungs, and intestines, then distributed mainly to the adipose tissue but also to the brain, kidney, muscle, and blood. Metabolism occurs via dechlorination, dehydrogenation, dehydrochlorination, and hydroxylation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The main metabolites are polychlorophenols and 1,2,4-trichlorocyclohexane-4,5-epoxide, which are excreted in the urine. (R186)","LD50: 6 g/kg (Oral, Rat) (R261)","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (R186)","Acute Oral: 0.05 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (R260)","Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. Hexachlorocyclohexane is known to damage the liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as cause blood disorders and reproductive and developmental defects. Hexachlorocyclohexane is also potentially carcinogenic. (R186, R187)","Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. (R187)","Hexachlorocyclohexane poisoning is treated symptomatically. Gastric lavage, followed by the administration of activated charcoal, may be performed upon ingestion. (R284)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P62508;P10275;P06401;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P03372;Q92731
38,T3D0037,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:30 UTC,Acrolein,Organic Compound;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Aldehyde,"2 Propenal2-Propen-1-one2-Propenal (Acrylaldehyde)2-Propenal, homopolymer2-Propenaldehyde4S8501_SUPELCOAcquiniteAcraldehydeAcraldehydeacroleinaAcraldehydeacroleina [italian]Acraldehydeacroleina(italian)AcroleinAcrolein, inhibitedAcrolein, inhibited [UN1092] [Poison]AcroleinaAcroleina [italian]AcroleineAcroleine [dutch, french]Acroleine(dutch, french)AcrylaldehydAcrylaldehyd [german]Acrylaldehyd(german)AcrylaldehydeAcrylic aldehydeAcrylic aldehyde, inhibitedAkroleinAkrolein [czech]Akrolein(czech)AkroleinaAkroleina [polish]Akroleina(polish)Aldehyde acryliqueAldehyde acrylique [french]Aldehyde acrylique(french)Aldehyde, acrylicAldehyde, allylAldehyde, ethyleneAldeide acrilicaAldeide acrilica [italian]Aldeide acrilica(italian)Allyl aldehydeAqualinAqualineBiocideCH2=CHCHOCaswell No. 009CroleanEthylene aldehydeInChI=1/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h2-3H,1HMagnacideMagnacide hMagnacide h and bPapitePolyacroleinProp-2-en-1-alPropenalPropenal [czech]Propenal, inhibitedPropenaldehydePropylene aldehydeRCRA waste no. P003Rcra waste number P003SlimicideTrans-acroleinWLN: VH1U1acrylaldehyde (ACD/Name 4.0)prop-2-en -1-alprop-2-enal","Acrolein is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde. It is produced widely via the oxidation of propene but is most often immediately reacted with other products due to its instability and toxicity. Acrolein is used as a pesticide to control algae, weeds, bacteria, and mollusks. It is also used to make other chemicals. Small amounts of acrolein can be formed when trees, tobacco, other plants, gasoline, and oil are burned. (R224, R225)",,107-02-8,7847,,C01471,"",15368,T-2-NONENAL-CMPD,,D000171,Acrolein,24,,,,"InChI=1/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h2-3H,1H2",prop-2-enal,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/a80cc764c13f68840dcad28b61b11c34_1237936595.mol,C=CC=O,C=CC=O,C3H4O,56.026220,,-87.7 °C,,,"212 mg/mL at 25 °C [SEIDELL,A (1941)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R224)",,"Acrolein rapidly and irreversibly binds to lysine moieties and sulfhydryl groups found on many cellular molecules forming thiol ethers. By this mechanism acrolein can bind to messenger compounds to produce direct cytotoxic effects or secondary effects from interrupted cell signaling pathways. Perturbation of inflammatory responses in bronchial epithelial cells was demonstrated by direct action of acrolein on the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (IκB) kinase, which inhibits activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor and suppresses interleukin 8 (IL-8) production. Rapid binding of acrolein to neural receptors in the corneal and nasal mucosa results in rapid depolarization of the associated neurons to produce ocular and nasal irritation. Acrolein also binds rapidly to glutathione, which may be inhibitory to the enzyme glutathione peroxidase and result in a lower level of cellular protection against oxygen radical toxicity. Further, the adduction of glutathione generates GS-propionaldehyde, which produces oxygen and possibly hydroxy radicals via cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase. Acrolein inhibits thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, which disrupts the cellular thiol redox balance necessary for cell survival. It interferes with normal reverse cholesterol transport by high density lipoprotein (HDL) by modifying specific sites in apolipoprotein A-I. Acrolein also inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenases and activates the transient receptor potential cation channel. (R224, R226, R227, R228)","Acrolein can be absorbed though oral, inhalation, or dermal routes. In the liver and kidneys, acrolein forms conjugates with glutathione, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and/or thioredoxin. Acrolein can also be transformed into acrylic acid by liver cytosol or microsomes, or it can be oxidized to glycidaldehyde by lung or liver microsomes. Acrolein metabolites are excreted in the urine. (R224)","LC50: 130 ppm over 30 minutes (Inhalation, Rat) (R286) 
LD50: 562 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R287) 
LD50: 46 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R287) 
LD50: 30 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (R287)",10 ppm for an adult human. (R270),"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","Acrolein is used as a pesticide to control algae, weeds, bacteria, and mollusks. It is also used to make other chemicals, such as polyester resin, polyurethane, propylene glycol, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and glycerol. Small amounts of acrolein can be formed when trees, tobacco, other plants, gasoline, and oil are burned. (R224)","Acute Inhalation: 0.003 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.00004 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 2 mg/kg/day (R260)","Acrolein is a severe pulmonary irritant and lachrymatory agent. Breathing large amounts of acrolein damages the lungs and could cause death. (R224, R225)","Ingestion of acrolein causes stomach irritation, vomiting, stomach ulcers and bleeding. Breathing acrolein may cause eye watering, burning of the nose and throat and a decreased breathing rate. (R224)","",O15111;O14920;Q14164;P10599;Q99757;Q16881;Q9NNW7;Q86VQ6;P02647;P47895;P51648;P30838;P00352;O94788;P43353;P48448;P30837;O75891;Q3SY69;O75762;P51649;Q9Y6K9
39,T3D0038,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:30 UTC,Disulfoton,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organophosphate,"Caswell No. 341Di-systonDi-syston gDimazDisiptonDisulfatonDisulfoton [bsi:iso]Disulfoton mixtureDisyston FE-10DisystoxDithiodemetonDithiosystoxDutionEkatin TDEkatineEthyl thiometonEthylthiodemetonEthylthiometon bFruminFrumin alFrumin gGlebofosInsyst-dM 74 (Pesticide)M-74 (Pesticide)O,O-Diaethyl-S-(2-aethylthio-aethyl)-dithiophosphatO,O-Diaethyl-S-(3-thia-pentyl)-dithiophosphatO,O-Diaethyl-S-(3-thia-pentyl)-dithiophosphat [German]O,O-Diethyl 2-ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioateO,O-Diethyl S-(2-(ethylthio)ethyl) dithiophosphateO,O-Diethyl S-(2-(ethylthio)ethyl)phosphorodithioateO,O-Diethyl S-(2-eththioethyl) phosphorodithioateO,O-Diethyl S-(2-eththioethyl) thiothionophosphateO,O-Diethyl S-(2-ethylmercaptoethyl) dithiophosphateO,O-Diethyl S-2-(ethylthio)ethyl phosphorodithioateO,O-Diethyl S-[2-(Ethylthio)ethyl] dithiophosphateO,O-Diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioateO,O-Diethyl-S-(2-ethylthio-ethyl)-dithiofosfaatO,O-Diethyl-S-(2-ethylthio-ethyl)-dithiofosfaat [Dutch]O,O-Dietil-S-(2-etiltio-etil)-ditiofosfatoO,O-Dietil-S-(2-etiltio-etil)-ditiofosfato [Italian]O,O-Ethyl S-2(ethylthio)ethyl phosphorodithioateO,O-diethyl 2-(ethylthio)ethyl dithiophosphateO,o-diethyl-s-ethylmercapto-ethyl dithiophosphatePS652_SUPELCORCRA waste no. P039Rcra waste number P039S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] O,O-dimethyl dithiophosphateSolvigranSolvirexThiodemetonThiodemetronVUagT 1-4o,o-Diethyl S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dithiophosphate",Disulfoton is a manufactured organophosphate used as a pesticide. It is used mainly in agriculture to protect field and vegetable crops. (R230),,298-04-4,3118,,"","",38661,"",,D004222,Disulfoton,1916,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfoton,"InChI=1/C8H19O2PS3/c1-4-9-11(12,10-5-2)14-8-7-13-6-3/h4-8H2,1-3H3",diethoxy-(2-ethylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCCSCC,CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCCSCC,C8H19O2PS3,274.028480,Colorless (pure) or dark yellow (technical grade) oil.,-25 °C,,,"0.0163 mg/mL at 20 °C [BOWMAN,BT & SANS,WW (1983A)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R230)","Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (P11712) 
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (P33260) 
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (P33261) 
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (P10635) 
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 (Q01740) 
(R231)","The toxic metabolites of disulfoton, mainly disulfoton sulfoxide, disulfoton sulfone, demeton S-sulfoxide and demeton S-sulfone, inhibit acetylcholinesterase in nervous tissue. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase results in the accumulation of acetylcholine at the muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors of nerve synapses, which causes an overstimulation of cholinergic nerves and effector organs. Prolonged exposure to disulfoton results in diminished cholinergic signs as tolerance develops, likely as a result of reduced density of muscarinic receptor binding sites. (R230)","Disulfoton is lipophilic and easily absorbed by oral, inhalation, and dermal routes, then distributed primarily to the liver and in smaller quantities to the kidney, fat, skin, muscle, brain, and other organs. In the liver, cytochrome
P-450 monooxygenase and flavin adenine dinucleotide monooxygenase metabolize disulfoton into its toxic intermediates, which include disulfoton sulfoxide, disulfoton sulfone, demeton S-sulfoxide and demeton S-sulfone. The active metabolites ultimately undergo hydrolysis to more polar metabolites that are not toxic and are excreted in the urine. (R230)","LD50: 25 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R289) 
LD50: 6.8 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R289) 
LD50: 9.4 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R289)",,,"Disulfoton is used mainly in agriculture to protect field and vegetable crops, as well as some fruit and nut crops. It may also be used in smaller quantities on home and garden plants and for mosquito control in swamps. (R230)","Acute Inhalation: 0.006 mg/m3 (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.00009 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.00006 mg/kg/day (R260)","Disulfoton mainly causes harmful effects to the nervous system, such as narrowing of the pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, difficulty in breathing, tremors, convulsions, and even death. Chronic ingestion of disulfoton may affect the eyes and cause nearsightedness. Disulfoton is also believed to cause developmental problems. (R230)","Depending on the amount of disulfoton that enters the body, effects on the nervous system, such as narrowing of the pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, difficulty in breathing, tremors, convulsions, and even death may occur. Skin contact with disulfoton may cause weakness and fatigue. (R230)","Treatment for disulfoton poisoning is symptomatic and may include ventilatory support, emesis, or the administration of atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride. (R288)",P22303
40,T3D0039,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:30 UTC,Benzo[a]anthracene,Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"1, 2-Benzanthracene1, 2-Benzoanthracene1,2-Benz(a)anthracene1,2-Benz[a]anthracene1,2-Benzanthracene1,2-Benzanthrazen1,2-Benzanthrazen (GERMAN)1,2-Benzanthrazen [German]1,2-Benzanthrene1,2-Benzoanthracene2,3-Benzophenanthrene2,3-BenzphenanthreneAmbap123B2209_ALDRICHBABCR271_FLUKABenz(a)anthraceneBenz(a)anthracene [polycyclic aromatic compounds]Benz(a)anthracene [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]Benz[a]anthracene solutionBenzanthraceneBenzanthreneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(b)phenanthreneBenzo[a]anthraceneBenzo[a]phenanthreneBenzo[b]phenanthreneBenzoanthraceneNaphthanthraceneRCRA waste no. U018Rcra waste number U018TetrapheneWLN: L D6 B666Jbenzo[a]anthracene (ACD/Name 4.0){1,2-Benz[a]anthracene}{benz[a]anthracene}{benzo[a]anthracene}{benzo[a]phenanthrene}{benzo[b]phenanthrene}","Benzo[a]anthracene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds.
",,56-55-3,5954,,C14317,"",51348,"",,C030935,Benzo[a]anthracene,6379,,,,InChI=1/C18H12/c1-2-7-15-12-18-16(11-14(15)6-1)10-9-13-5-3-4-8-17(13)18/h1-12H,benzo[a]anthracene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/a0f2931127023486473cfba9301de731_1237936795.mol,C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C32,C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C32,C18H12,228.093900,Yellow-blue solid.,84 °C,"","","9.4e-06 mg/mL at 25 °C [MAY,WE et al. (1978)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
(R028)","Serum albumin (P02768) 
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) 
(R060)","The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (R028, R060, R068, R073)","PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (R028)","","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (R028)","","PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (R028)","Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (R034)
",There is no known antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R028),P35869;Q14749;DNA
41,T3D0040,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:30 UTC,"3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine",Organic Compound;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Amine;Organochloride,"(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dichloro-3, 3'-Dichlorobenzidine3,3 Dichlorobenzidine3,3' Dichlorobenzidine3,3'-Dichlorbenzidin3,3'-Dichlorbenzidin (CZECH)3,3'-Dichlorbenzidin [Czech]3,3'-Dichloro-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine3,3'-Dichloro-4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-biphenyldiamine3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diamino(1,1-biphenyl)3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl3,3'-Dichloro-p,p'-bianiline3,3'-Dichlorobenzidin [Czech]3,3'-Dichlorobenzidina3,3'-Dichlorobenzidina (spanish)3,3'-Dichlorobenzidina [Spanish]3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine base3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diamine3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (ACD/Name 4.0)3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-ylenediamine3,3-Dichloro-[1,1]-biphenyl-4,4-diamine3,3-Dichlorobenzidine4 ,4'-diamino-3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl4'-Amino-3,3'-dichloro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-ylamine4'-Amino-3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylamine4, 4'-Diamino-3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl4,4'-Diamino-3, 3'-dichlorodiphenyl4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenylBenzidine, 3,3'-dichloro-Curithane C 126Curithane C126DCBDichlorobenzidineDichlorobenzidine baseDichlorobenzidine, 3,3'-O,o'-dichlorobenzidineOrtho,ortho'-dichlorobenzidineRCRA waste no. U073Rcra waste number U073WLN: ZR bg DR dz CG{[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine,} 3, 3'-dichloro-","3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is a manufactured chemical used in pigments for printing inks, textiles, plastics and enamels, paint, leather, and rubber. (R232)",,91-94-1,7070,,"","",25520,CPD-801,,D015101,"3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine",435,,,,"InChI=1/C12H10Cl2N2/c13-9-5-7(1-3-11(9)15)8-2-4-12(16)10(14)6-8/h1-6H,15-16H2",4-(4-amino-3-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroaniline,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N)Cl)Cl)N,C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=C(C=C2)N)Cl)Cl)N,C12H10Cl2N2,252.022100,Gray to purple crystalline solid.,132-133 °C,,,"0.0031 mg/mL at 25 °C [BANERJEE,S et al. (1980)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R232)","Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (P18440) 
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (P11245) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 4B1 (P13584) 
(R232)","3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine's mechanism of toxicity derives mainly from the adduction of DNA by its metabolites. The formation of nitroso derivatives during metabolism, yielding a sulfinic acid amide with hemoglobin in erythrocytes, is suggested to be a mechanism for this adduct formation. 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine can act on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor to induce the activity of cytochrome p-450 enzymes, which metabolize 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine, along with other polyhalogenated aromatics, into their toxic intermediates. (R232, R233, R234)","3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes. The major path of metabolism is believed to be N-acetylation via hepatic N-acetyltransferases, producing metabolites such as N-acetyl-3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and N,N-diacetyl-3,3’-dichlorobenzidine. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine may also be activated to toxic intermediates by certain cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. Metabolites are excreted primarily in urine and to a lesser extent in faeces. (R232)","LD50: 8 g/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R290) 
LD50: 3.82 g/kg (Oral, Rat) (R290)",,"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is used in pigments for printing inks, textiles, plastics and enamels, paint, leather, and rubber. (R232)",,"The salt form of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine may cause sore throat, respiratory infections, stomach upset, headache, dizziness, caustic burns, and dermatitis. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is also believed to be a possible carcinogen. (R232)","The salt form of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine may cause sore throat, respiratory infections, stomach upset, headache, dizziness, caustic burns, and dermatitis. (R232)","Treatment for 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine poisoning is usually supportive. (R232)",P69905;P68871;P02042;P02100;P69891;P69892;Q6B0K9;P09105;P02008;P35869;DNA;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
42,T3D0041,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:31 UTC,Endrin,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,":endrinAldrinCaswell No. 423Compd. 269Compound 269EN 57 (VAN)EndrexEndricolEndrin 1.6 ECEndrin 20 ECEndrin and metabolitesEndrin isomerEndrin mixtureEndrineEndrine (french)Endrine [french]Experimental Insecticide 269Hexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo, endo-dimethanonaphthaleneHexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo,endo-dimethanonaphthaleneHexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo,endo-dimethanonapthaleneHexadrinLatka 269Latka 269 [Czech]MendrinNendrinOktanexRCRA waste no. D013RCRA waste no. P051Rcra waste number P051SD 3419 IlloxolStardrinStardrin 20experimental insecticide no. 269","Endrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an insecticide on cotton, maize, and rice. It also acts as an avicide and rodenticide. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, its use is now banned in most parts of the world. (R190)",,72-20-8,12358480,,"","",25520,DIHYDROKAEMPFEROL-CMPD,,D004732,Endrin,572,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endrin,"InChI=1/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)11(16)5-3-1-2(6-7(3)19-6)4(5)10(8,15)12(11,17)18/h2-7H,1H2/t2-,3?,4-,5+,6-,7+,10-,11+/m1/s1","","",C1[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]1[C@H]4[C@@H]2O4)[C@@]5(C(=C([C@]3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C3C(C1C4C2O4)C5(C(=C(C3(C5(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C12H8Cl6O,377.870630,White solid.,226-230 °C,"","","0.00025 mg/mL at 25 °C [BIGGAR,JW & RIGGS,RI (1974)]","","","","Oral
(R190)","","Endrin antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. Endrin also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. Endrin also causes increased lipid peroxidation, decreased membrane fluidity, and DNA damage in hepatocytes, but the exact mechanism is unknown. (R029, R191)","Endrin is absorbed orally and distributed primarily to the fat and skin. The major biotransformation
product is anti-l 2-hydroxyendrin and the corresponding sulfate, as well as glucuronide metabolites. Anti- and syn-12-hydroxyendrin and 12-ketoendrin are the main toxic metabolites of endrin. Endrin and its metabolites are excreted in urine and feces. (R191)","LD50: 3 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 12 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263)","","3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)",Endrin is used as a pesticide. (R190),"Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (R260)","Endrin poisoning affects primarily the nerve system. Exposure causes various harmful effects including hyperexcitability, severe central nervous system damage, and death. Endrin is also believed to cause birth defects. (R029, R191)","Symptoms that may result from endrin poisoning are headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. (R191)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R291)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334;P03372;Q92731
43,T3D0042,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-27 18:07:31 UTC,Beryllium,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Beryllium Compound,"BEBENBERYLLIUM, 99%BerilioBeryllium [beryllium and certain beryllium compounds]Beryllium and beryllium compoundsBeryllium and certain beryllium compoundsBeryllium and compoundsBeryllium atomBeryllium atomic absorption standard solutionBeryllium compounds, n.o.s. [UN1566] [Poison]Beryllium dustBeryllium elementBeryllium metalBeryllium metal [beryllium and beryllium compounds]Beryllium metallicBeryllium metallicumBeryllium powderBeryllium, elementalBeryllium, metal powderBeryllium, powder [UN1567] [Poison]Beryllium, ultra high purityBeryllium-9GluciniumGlucinumRCRA waste no. P015Rcra waste number P015beryllium(0)","Beryllium is a lightweight alkaline earth metal with the atomic number 4. It is a relatively rare element found naturally only combined with other elements in minerals. It is primarily used as a hardening agent in alloys, and is also an ideal aerospace material due to its high melting point and temperature stability. (R078)",,7440-41-7,5460467,,C16460,"108730
142858
181000",30501,CPD0-1230,,D001608,Beryllium,6383,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium,InChI=1/Be.2H,beryllium,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/99b48a7d5f413e1e435ea801dacfa11b_1237937083.mol,[Be++],[Be++],[Be]2+,9.012180,Grey metallic solid.,1300 °C,"","","","","","",Inhalation (R078),"Transthyretin (P02766)
Ferritin light chain (P02792)
Ferritin heavy chain (P02794)
Ferritin, mitochondrial (Q8N4E7)
Ferritin heavy polypeptide-like 17 (Q9BXU8)
Putative ferritin heavy polypeptide-like 19 (P0C7X4)
(R079)","Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmonary) granulomas. Beryllium's toxicity may be controlled by the iron-storage protein ferritin, which sequesters beryllium by binding it and preventing it from interacting with other enzymes. (R079, R083, R235)","Beryllium is absorbed mainly through the lungs, where it enters the bloodstream and is transported throughout the body by binding to prealbumins and γ-globulins. Beryllium accumulates in lung tissue and the skeleton. It is excreted mainly in the urine. (R079)","","","1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Beryllium is purified for use in nuclear weapons and reactors, aircraft and space vehicle structures, instruments, x-ray machines, and mirrors. Beryllium ores are used to make speciality ceramics for electrical and high-technology applications. Beryllium is often found in alloys which are used in automobiles, computers, sports equipment, and dental bridges. (R078)",Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260),"Acute inhalation of a high level of beryllium can results in a pneumonia-like condition called acute beryllium disease. Chronic inhalation of beryllium can caused an inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system called chronic beryllium disease. Chronic beryllium disease may result in anorexia and weight loss, as well as right side heart enlargement and heart disease in advanced cases. Chronic exposure can also increase the risk of lung cancer. Skin contact with beryllium results in contact dermatitus.
(R078, R079)","Chronic beryllium disease causes fatigue, weakness, difficulty breathing, and a persistent dry cough.
(R078, R079)","Chronic beryllium disease is treated with immunosuppressive medicines, usually of the glucocorticoid class. (R078)",P20036;P13763;P04440
44,T3D0043,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:31 UTC,"Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"α, 2α,3α,4α,6β)-«delta»,1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane«delta»-BHC«delta»-HCH«delta»-benzene hexachloride«delta»-hexachlorocyclohexane(1R,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1R,2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2R,3S,4r,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2R,3S,4s,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2c,3c,4t,5c,6t)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2c,3t,4t,5c,6t)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1r,2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane(1s,2R,3R,4s,5S,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (all stereo isomers)1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixture of isomers)1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma isomer1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorohexane(β-bhc)1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (ACD/Name 4.0)1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha isomer1a,2a,3b,4a,5b,6b-hexachlorocyclohexane1a,2b,3a,4b,5a,6b-hexachlorocyclohexaneAalindanAficideAgrocideAgrocide IIIAgrocide WPAgronexitAlpha- BHCAlpha-BHCAlpha-HCHAlpha-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Alpha-HCH solutionAlpha-benzene hexachlorideAlpha-benzenehexachlorideAlpha-hexachloranAlpha-hexachloraneAlpha-hexachlorocyclohexaneAlpha-hexachlorocyclohexanesAlpha-lindaneAm eisenatodAmeisenatodAmeisenmittel merckAmeisentodAparasinAphtiriaAphtitriaAplidalArbitexArcotal sBBHBCHBHCBHC «delta»BHC (alpha-, beta-, gamma-)BHC (insecticide)BHC insecticideBHC or HCHBHC-«delta» isomerBen-hexBenhexachlorBenhexolBenzanexBenzene hexachlorideBenzene hexachloride (ambiguous)Benzene hexachloride, all isomersBenzene hexachloride-alpha-isomerBenzene hexachloride-gamma isomerBenzene hexachloride-gamma-isomerBenzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloride ((Ambiguous)Benzene-cis-hexachlorideBenzene-trans-hexachlorideBenzenehexachloride, mixed isomersBenzenehexachloride-alpha-isomerBenzexBeta-BHCBeta-HCHBeta-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Beta-HCH solutionBeta-benzene hexachlorideBeta-hexac hlorocyclohexaneBeta-hexachloranBeta-hexachlorobenzeneBeta-hexachlorocyclohexaneBeta-hexachlorocyclohexanesBeta-isomerBeta-lindaneBexolBorer sprayCPD with unspecified stereochemistryCaswell No. 079Caswell No. 527CelanexChinoin brand of lindaneChloreseneCodechineCyclohexane, «delta»,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, «delta»-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, (mixed isomers)Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, alpha-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, alpha-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, beta-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, delta-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, delta-isomerCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, gamma-Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, gamma-isomerCyclohexane, beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-Cyclohexane, delta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-DBHDelitexDelta-BHCDelta-HCHDelta-benzene hexachlorideDelta-benzenehexachlorideDelta-hexachlorocyclohexaneDelta-lindaneDetmol extractDetmol-extraktDevoranDol granuleDolmixDrill tox-spezial aglukonDrilltox-spezial aglukonEntomoxanEpsilon HCHEpsilon-HCHEpsilon-benzenehexachlorideEpsilon-hexachlorocyclohexaneEso dermEsodermExagamaFenoform forteForlinForst-nexenG-BHC-«delta»GallogamaGamacarbatoxGamacidGamacideGamacide 20GamaphexGameneGamisoGamma 666Gamma BHCGamma benzene hexachlorideGamma hexachlorGamma hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-666Gamma-:hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-BHCGamma-BHC (lindane)Gamma-BHC benhexachlorGamma-HCHGamma-HCH [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Gamma-HCH or gamma-BHCGamma-benzene hexachlorideGamma-benzenehexachlorideGamma-benzohexachlorideGamma-colGamma-hexachloraneGamma-hexachlorcyclohexanumGamma-hexachlorobenzeneGamma-hexachlorocyclohexaneGamma-linda neGamma-lindaneGamma-mean 400Gamma666GammahexaGammahexaneGammalinGammaterrGammexGammexaneGammopazGamtoxGeobilanGexaneGybenH.c.hHCCHCCHHCHHCH (alpha)HCH (beta)HCH [bsi]HCH [iso]HCH, technical grade [hexachlorocyclohexanes]HCH-«delta»HCH-dHEXAHGIHeclotoxHecoltoxHexablancHexachlorHexachloranHexachloraneHexachlorcyclohexanHexachlorcyclohexan [german]Hexachloride, benzeneHexachloride, gamma-benzeneHexachlorocyclohexaneHexachlorocyclohexane (all isomers)Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixed isomers)Hexachlorocyclohexane (mixture)Hexachlorocyclohexane (technical grade)Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma isomerHexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomerHexachlorocyclohexane, technicalHexachlorocyclohexane, technical gradeHexachlorocyclohexane-alphaHexachlorocyclohexane-betaHexachlorocyclohexanesHexachlorzyklohexanHexamulHexapoudreHexatoxHexavermHexcidumHexicideHexit Shampoo 1.0%Hexit lotionHexyclanHilbeec hHilbeechHortexInexitInfectopharm brand of lindaneInsecticide, BHCIsatoxIsot oxIsotoxJacutinKokotineKwellKwell-rLacco hi linLasochronLatka 666 [Czech]LendineLentoxLidenalLindaforLindagamLindagrainLindagranoxLindaloLindam ulLindamulLindane (benzene hexachloroide-gamma isomer)Lindane (gamma-HCH)Lindane [hexachlorocyclohexanes]Lindane [usan:inn:ban]Lindano [inn-spanish]Lindanum [inn-latin]LindapoudreLindaterraLindatoxLindexLindosepLintoxLinvurLorexaneMglawik lMixture nameMszycolNeo-scabicidolNexen FBNexen-FBNexi t-starkNexitNexit-starkNexol-eNicochloranNovigamNoviganOmnitoxOvadziakOwadziakPLKPMS lindanePMS-lindanePedraczakPflanzolPharmascience brand of lindanePms-Lindane Lot 1%Pms-Lindane Shp 1%PmslindaneQuelladaRCRA waste no. U129RCRA waste number U129Sang gammaScabecidScabeneScabisanSilvanolSpritz-rapidinSpritzlindaneSpruehpflanzolStiefel brand of lindaneStreunexSubmarT-HCHTBHTechnical HCHTechnical hexachlorocyclohexaneTetocidTrans-alpha-benzenehexachlorideTri-6Trives-tVerindal ultraVitonagrisol g-20agrocide 2agrocide 6gagrocide 7alpha-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanebentox 10beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanedelta-(Aeeeee)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexanedelta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanedetox 25gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexanegammalin 20geolin g 3hungaria l7milbol 49","Hexachlorocyclohexane, Delta- is one of eight isoforms of the commercially manufactured chemical hexachlorocyclohexane. It is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (R186)",,319-86-8,727,,C06988,"",39095,GAMMA-HCH,,C086916,"Hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-",6461,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindane,"InChI=1/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H/t1-,2-,3+,4+,5-,6-","1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/c2706d5bd005a4d880d476ee6f38b212_1237937200.mol,C1(C(C(C(C(C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1(C(C(C(C(C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C6H6Cl6,287.860070,White solid or colorless vapor.,141.5 °C,"","","0.01 mg/mL at 20 °C [SHIU,WY et al.(1990)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R186)","Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) 
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
(R186)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA-A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site, causing over stimulation of the central nervous system. It is also believed to inhibit sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases and be an endocrine disruptor. In the liver, hexachlorocyclohexane is thought to cause oxidative stress by interfering with hepatic oxidative capacity and glutathione metabolism, increasing lipid metabolism, and inhibiting magnesium ATPase activity. Hexachlorocyclohexane may also inhibit gap junction and intercellular communication, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor promotion. (R186, R187, R188)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is absorbed through the skin, lungs, and intestines, then distributed mainly to the adipose tissue but also to the brain, kidney, muscle, and blood. Metabolism occurs via dechlorination, dehydrogenation, dehydrochlorination, and hydroxylation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The main metabolites are polychlorophenols and 1,2,4-trichlorocyclohexane-4,5-epoxide, which are excreted in the urine. (R186)","LD50: 1000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R261)","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Hexachlorocyclohexane is used as an insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops and is also available as a prescription (lotion, cream, or shampoo) to treat head and body lice, and scabies. (R186)","","Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. Hexachlorocyclohexane is known to damage the liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as cause blood disorders and reproductive and developmental defects. Hexachlorocyclohexane is also potentially carcinogenic. (R186, R187)","Exposure to large amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane can harm the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. (R187)","Hexachlorocyclohexane poisoning is treated symptomatically. Gastric lavage, followed by the administration of activated charcoal, may be performed upon ingestion. (R284)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P62508;P10275;P06401;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P03372;Q92731
45,T3D0044,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:31 UTC,"1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride;Organobromide,"1, 2-Dibrom-3-chlor-propan (GERMAN)1, 2-Dibromo-3-cloro-propano (ITALIAN)1,2-Dibrom-3-chlor-propan1,2-Dibrom-3-chlor-propan [German]1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane1,2-Dibromo-3-cloro-propano1,2-Dibromo-3-cloro-propano [Italian]1,2-Dibromochloropropane1,2-Dibroom-3-chloorpropaan1,2-Dibroom-3-chloorpropaan (DUTCH)1,2-Dibroom-3-chloorpropaan [Dutch]1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (ACD/Name 4.0)1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)1,3-Dibromo-3-chloropropane1-Chloro-2,3-dibromopropane2,3-Dibromo-1-chloropropane3-Chloro-1,2-dibromopropaneBBCPC3H5Br2ClCBCPCaswell No. 287ClCH2CHBrCH2BrDBCPDibromchlorpropanDibromchlorpropan (german)Dibromchlorpropan [german]Dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2- (DBCP)DibromochloropropaneDibromochloropropane [UN2872] [Poison]Durham Nematicode EM 17.1Fumag onFumagonFumazon 86FumazoneFumazone 86Fumazone 86eGro-tone nematode granularInChI=1/C3H5Br2Cl/c4-1-3(5)2-6/h3H,1-2HNemabromNemafumeNemagonNemagon 20Nemagon 206Nemagon 20GNemagon 90Nemagon soil fumigantNemagoneNemanaxNemanexNemapazNemasetNematocideNematocide EM 12.1Nematocide EM 15.1Nematocide Solution EM 17.1NematoxNemazonOxy DBCPPropane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro- ( )Propane, 1-chloro-2,3-dibromo-Propane, dibromochloro-RCRA waste no. U066RCRA waste number U066WLN: G1YE1E","1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is a manufactured chemical and the active ingredient in the nematicide Nemagon, also known as Fumazone. Nemagon is a soil fumigant formerly used in agriculture but banned to most areas today. (R237)",,96-12-8,7280,,C14336,"","",BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE,,C007318,"1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane",416,,,,"InChI=1/C3H5Br2Cl/c4-1-3(5)2-6/h3H,1-2H2","1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/a10a668ea6a04adebfcfa2a0bc0413c6_1237937373.mol,C(C(CBr)Br)Cl,C(C(CBr)Br)Cl,C3H5Br2Cl,233.844650,Colorless liquid.,6 °C,,,"1.23 mg/mL at 20 °C [MUNNECKE,DE & VANGUNDY,SD (1979)]",,,,Oral Inhalation Dermal (R236),"Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) 
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) 
Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) 
Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) 
Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) 
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) 
Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) 
Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) 
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) 
Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) 
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) 
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) 
(R236)","The initial metabolism of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane to reactive epoxide metabolites that bind to DNA and other macromolecules may be responsible for its hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The mechanism of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane's testicular toxicity is believed to be due to either the inhibition of sperm carbohydrate metabolism, probably at the step of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, or drect DNA damage caused by its metabolites. (R236, R238)","1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. It accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, and adipose tissues. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is intially converted to epoxy derivatives, which are
further hydrolyzed and debrominated. Glutathione (GSH) conjugation of epoxide intermediates in the liver is believed to produce precursors to toxic intermediates. The metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine. (R236)","LD50: 100 mg/kg (Oral, Rabbit) (R292)
LC50: 1480 mg/m3 over 1 hour (Inhalation, Rat) (R292)","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is the active ingredient in the nematicide Nemagon, also known as Fumazone. Nemagon is a soil fumigant formerly used in agriculture. (R236)","Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260)","Breathing high levels of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane causes reproductive damage, including reduced sperm counts, birth defects, and infertility. It may also damage the stomach, liver, kidneys, brain, spleen, blood, and lungs, and cause skin and eye damage from direct contact. (R236)","Symptoms of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane exposure include headaches, nausea, lightheadedness, and weakness. (R236)","",P49821;P19404;P56181;O75306;O75489;O43181;O43920;O75380;O75251;O00217;P28331;P03886;P03891;P03897;P03905;P03901;P03915;P03923;DNA;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
46,T3D0045,2009-03-06 18:57:58 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:31 UTC,Pentachlorophenol,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1-Hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorobenzene1-Hydroxypentachlorobenzene2, 3,4,5,6-Pentachlorophenol2,3,4,5,6-PENTACHLOROPHENOL, TECHNICAL GRADE2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorophenol2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorophenol (Dowicide EC-7)2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenol (ACD/Name 4.0)AcutoxCaswell No. 641Chem-pentaChem-tolChlonChlorophenCryptogil oilCryptogil olDow pentachlorophenol dp-2 antimicrobialDowcide 7Dowicide 7Dowicide 7 AntimicrobialDowicide ec-7Dowicide gDura treet IIDura-treetDurotoxEP 30 (pesticide)ForepenForpen-50 Wood PreservativeFungifenGlazd pentaGrundier arbezolLauxt olLauxtolLauxtol aLiropremOntrack we herbicideOrtho triox liquid vegetation killerOsmoplasticOsmose wood preserving compoundP2604_ALDRICHPCIPCPPCP (pesticide)PCP, pentaPKHFPS7_SUPELCOPenchlorolPenchlorolsantophen 20PentaPenta WRPenta concentratePenta readyPenta-kilPentachloorfenolPentachloorfenol (dutch)Pentachloorfenol [dutch]Pentachloro-phenolPentachlorofenolPentachlorophenatePentachlorophenate, sodiumPentachlorophenolPentachlorophenol [UN3155] [Poison]Pentachlorophenol [bsi:iso]Pentachlorophenol purePentachlorophenol solutionPentachlorophenol, dowicide ec-7Pentachlorophenol, dp-2Pentachlorophenol, purifiedPentachlorophenol, technicalPentachlorphenolPentachlorphenol (german)Pentachlorphenol [german]PentaclorofenoloPentaclorofenolo (italian)Pentaclorofenolo [italian]PentaconPentasolPenwarPeratoxPermacidePermagardPermasanPermatoxPermatox pentaPermitePhenol, pentachloro-, purePol nuPol-nuPole topper fluidPrevenolPreventol pPriltoxRCRA waste no. U242Rcra waste number U242SantobriteSantophenSantophen 20SinituhoSodium pentachlorophenateTerm-I-trolThompson's wood fixWLN: QR bg CG dg eg FGWatershed wood preservativeWeed and brush killerWeedoneWitophen pWoodtreat apentachlorophenol dp-2permatox dp-2","Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a manufactured substance which is a restricted use pesticide and is used industrially as a wood preservative for utility poles, railroad ties, and wharf pilings. It can be found in two forms: PCP itself or as the sodium salt of PCP, which dissolves easily in water. (R239, R240)",,87-86-5,992,,C02575,"",17642,CPD-10489,,D010416,Pentachlorophenol,1132,,,,InChI=1/C6HCl5O/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h12H,"2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenol",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/3b400c5c6dcbd4b3200900962ecb7998_1237937502.mol,C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)O,C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)O,C6HCl5O,263.847000,Colorless (pure) or dark gray to brown (inpure) solid.,174 °C,,,"0.014 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R239)","UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 (P22309) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 (P22310) 
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (P50225) 
Sulfotransferase 1A2 (P50226) 
Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 (P50224) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) 
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) 
(R239)","Pentachlorophenol is believed to exert its toxic effects by uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, thereby causing accelerated aerobic metabolism and increased heat production. This results from pentachlorophenol binding to liver mitochondrial proteins and inducing conformational changes in enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Pentachlorophenol can also bind to cell membranes, causing changes in the hydrogen ion permeability of the membrane lipid matrix and disrupting membrane structure and function. Pentachlorophenol causes adverse effects on thyroid homeostasis, decreasing serum thyroxine by competing for serum protein thyroxine binding sites. Pentachlorophenol also competes with thyroxine for uptake into cerebrospinal fluid at the T4 binding site of transthyretin. Pentachlorophenol inhibits mitochondrial ATP-ase activity, preventing the the formation of ATP and the release of energy to the cell from the breakdown of ATP to ADP. Pentachlorophenol metabolites, especially quinones and semiquinones, may damage DNA by forming adducts. (R239, R244)","Pentachlorophenol is efficiently absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure, then binds to plasma proteins and is distributed to the liver, lungs, kidneys, blood, fat tissues, and brain. Extensive plasma protein binding of pentachlorophenol may account for its low degree of metabolism. Metabolism of pentachlorophenol occurs in the liver, and the major pathways are conjugation to form the glucuronide and oxidative dechlorination to form tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ). Pentachlorophenol and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine. (R239)","LD50: 27 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R293)
LD50: 96 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R293)
LD50: 56 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R293)
LD50: 58 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (R293)",,,"Pentachlorophenol is a restricted use pesticide and is used industrially as a wood preservative for utility poles, railroad ties, and wharf pilings. (R239)","Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260)","Exposure to high levels of pentachlorophenol can cause the cells in the body to produce excess heat. The body temperature can increase to dangerous levels, causing injury to various organs and tissues, and even death. HIgh doses of pentachlorophenol may also cause damage to the immune system, liver, thyroid, kidneys, blood, lungs, nervous system, gastrointestional tract, and reproductive system. (R239)","Exposure to high levels of pentachlorophenol can cause the cells in the body to produce excess heat, resulting in a very high fever, profuse sweating, and difficulty breathing. Contact with pentachlorophenol, particularly in the form of vapor can irritate the skin, eyes, and mouth. (R239, R240)","As pentachlorophenol has no specific antidote, treatment is mainly symptomatic and may include respiratory assistance and administering IV fluids. (R294)",P50225;P50226;P50224;P22303;P02766;P43155;P28329;Q7L5N7;P05543;Q8NF37;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P20648;P54707;P51164;Q9UN42;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P03372;Q92731
47,T3D0046,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:31 UTC,Heptachlor epoxide,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,β-heptachlorepoxideEpoxyheptachlorHCEHeptachlore epoxideVelsicol 53-CS-17,"Heptachlor epoxide is a chemical produced when heptachlor is broken down by bacteria and animals. Heptachlor is a manufactured cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide. As it is a persistant organic pollutant, heptachlor use is banned or limited in most areas. The epoxide is more likely to be found in the environment than heptachlor. (R218, R219)",,1024-57-3,13930,,C14327,"",25520,"",,D006534,Heptachlor epoxide,6458,,,,"InChI=1/C10H5Cl7O/c11-3-1-2(4-5(3)18-4)9(15)7(13)6(12)8(1,14)10(9,16)17/h1-5H","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/ae168fae18dbf6eb3c48e1156bc224ca_1237937675.mol,C12C(C(C3C1O3)Cl)C4(C(=C(C2(C4(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C12C(C(C3C1O3)Cl)C4(C(=C(C2(C4(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C10H5Cl7O,385.816010,,160 °C,,,"0.0002 mg/mL at 25 °C [BIGGAR,JW & RIGGS,RI (1974)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R218)",,"Heptachlor epoxide is a central nervous system stimulant. It non-competitively blocks neurotransmitter action at gamma-amino butyric acid receptors, resulting in overstimulation of the nervous system. Heptachlor epoxide is also believed to exert carcinogenic effects by activating key kinases in signalling pathways and inhibiting apoptosis. (R218, R220, R221)","Heptachlor epoxide is readily absorbed by the skin, lungs and gastrointestinal tract and excreted in the urine and faeces. (R218)",,,"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Heptachlor epoxide is a chemical produced when heptachlor is broken down by bacteria and animals. Heptachlor was originally widely produced as an insecticide, but is now used only in fire ant control in underground transformers. (R218)",,"Exposure to heptachlor epoxide may cause damage to liver, nervous system, and immune system. (R218)","Heptachlor epoxide poisoning may cause convulsions, vomiting, seizures, confusion, incoordination, excitability, coma, hypotension, and respiratory failure. (R218)","Treatment is symptomatic and is aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. (R218) ",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
48,T3D0047,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:32 UTC,Carbon tetrachloride,Organic Compound;Solvent;Reagent;Organochloride,"BenzenoformBenzinoformCC m0CCl4CTCarbon chlorideCarbon chloride (CCl4)Carbon tetCarbon tetrachloride [UN1846] [Poison]Carbon tetrachloride [bsi:iso]CarbonaCarboneum chloratumCarbontetrachlorideCaswell No. 164Chlorid uhlicityChlorid uhlicity [czech]Czterochlorek weglaCzterochlorek wegla (polish)Czterochlorek wegla [polish]FasciolinFlukoidsFreon 10HSDB 53Halon 104KatharinKohlenstofftetrachloridMethane tetrachlorideMethane, tetrachloro-NecatorinaNecatorinePerchloromethanePhenoxinR 10 (Refrigerant)RCRA waste no. U211Rcra waste number U211Refrigerant R10SeretinTetraTetrachloorkoolstofTetrachloorkoolstof (dutch)Tetrachloorkoolstof [dutch]TetrachloormetaanTetrachloride, carbonTetrachloridocarbonTetrachlorkohlenstoffTetrachlorkohlenstoff, tetraTetrachlorkohlenstoff, tetra (german)Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, tetra [german]TetrachlormethanTetrachlormethan (german)Tetrachlormethan [german]TetrachlorocarbonTetrachlorom ethaneTetrachloromethaneTetrachlorure de carboneTetrachlorure de carbone (french)Tetrachlorure de carbone [french]Tetrachlorure de carbone [iso-french]TetraclorometanoTetraclorometano (italian)Tetraclorometano [italian]Tetracloruro di carbonioTetracloruro di carbonio (italian)Tetracloruro di carbonio [italian]TetrafinolTetraformTetraform (van)TetrasolThawpitUnivermVermoestricidWLN: GXGGGtetrachloromethane (ACD/Name 4.0)","Carbon tetrachloride manufactured chemical used as a reagent in synthetic chemistry and formerly in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerants, and as a cleaning agent. It is a colourless liquid with a ""sweet"" smell that can be detected at low levels. (R200)",,56-23-5,5943,,C07561,"",27385,CPD-842,,D002251,Carbon tetrachloride,253,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon tetrachloride,"InChI=1/CCl4/c2-1(3,4)5",tetrachloromethane,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/323ea2aecf6ce9d14b90ac8631190fdd_1237937770.mol,C(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl,C(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl,CCl4,151.875410,Clear liquid.,-23 °C,,,"0.793 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL (1982)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R245)","Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181)
(R245)","Unmetabolized carbon tetrachloride, depresses the central nervous system. All other toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride are related to its biotransformation via cytochrome P-450 enzymes, specifically CYP2E1. Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride by CYP2E1 may result in the destruction of the enzyme during the metabolic process, either by direct attack of radicals on the cytochrome(s) or highly localized lipid peroxidation resulting in detachment of P-450 proteins from the microsomal membranes. Reactive metabolites of carbon tetrachloride causes hepatic damage via haloalkylation of cellular macromolecules and lipid peroxidation. Carbon tetrachloride also perturbs the intracellular calcium homeostasis. Increased cytosolic levels of calcium may result from an influx of extracellular calcium caused by plasma membrane damage and decreased intracellular calcium sequestering. Higher levels of calcium activate enzymes such as proteases, which hydrolyze proteins in neighboring cells, leading to a progression of the lesion. Carbon tetrachloride's carcinogenicity is likely the result of certain reactive metabolites that bind to nuclear proteins, lipids, and DNA. (R029, R245)","Carbon tetrachloride is absorbed readily from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and more slowly through the skin. It is distributed to all major organs, with highest concentrations in the fat, liver, bone marrow, adrenals, blood, brain, spinal cord, and kidney. Once carbon tetrachloride is absorbed, it is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, with the production of the trichloromethyl radical. Aerobically, metabolism of the trichloromethyl radical can eventually form phosgene. Anaerobically, the radical can undergo reactions to form chloroform, hexachloroethane, or carbon monoxide. Carbon tetrachloride is excreted primarily in exhaled air and in the feces, with relatively minimal amounts in the urine. (R245)","LD50: 2800 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R286)",1700 to 1800 mg/kg for an adult human. (R293),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Carbon tetrachloride was used in the production of refrigeration fluid and propellants for aerosol cans, as a pesticide, as a cleaning fluid and degreasing agent, in fire extinguishers, and in spot removers. (R245)","Intermediate Inhalation: 0.03 ppm (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.03 ppm (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.02 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.007 mg/kg/day (R260)","High exposure to carbon tetrachloride can cause liver, kidney, and central nervous system damage. Single cell necrosis, which is evident after 5h to 6h after dosing, progresses to maximal centrilobular necrosis within 24h to 48h. Cellular regeneration is maximal 36h to 48h after dosing. The rate and extent of tissue repair are important determinants of the ultimate outcome of liver injury. In severe cases, coma and even death may occur. (R029, R245)","Carbon tetrachloride exposure causes headaches, dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, and vomiting. (R245)","",P05181;DNA;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
49,T3D0048,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-25 19:55:47 UTC,Aroclor 1221,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"","Aroclor 1221 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 21%. It is composed of mainly monochlorobiphenyls (60.06%), and also includes bi-, tri, tetra-, and pentachlorinated homologs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,11104-28-2,"",,"","","","",,C032739,Aroclor 1221,,,,,"","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,"",Clc1ccc(c(Cl)c1Cl)-c1ccc(Cl)c(Cl)c1Cl,"","",Clear oil.,Boiling Pt : 290-325 oC,275–320 °C,1.18 g/cm3,"0.015 mg/mL at 25 °C [MABEY,WR et al. (1981)]","",141–150 °C,6.7x10-3 mmHg at 25 °C,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal 
(R012)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
(R012)","The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are trasported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 3980 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardouc waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptons can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;P20711;Q92731;P07101
50,T3D0049,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-27 18:13:26 UTC,Cobalt,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Cobalt Compound,"AquacatCOCOBALT, POWDER, 99.9%Cobalt Oligosol Liq 0.45mg/2mlCobalt atomic absorption standard solutionCobalt icp/DCP standard solutionCobalt solutionCobalt standard for icCobalt(II) nitrate solutionCobalt-59Cobalt-liqCobaltum Dps 4ch-30chCobaltum metallicumCobaltum muriaticumCobaltum nitricumCobatope-57Coblatum nitricumKobaltOligostim Cobalt - Tab 6dhRaney-cobaltSuper cobalt","Cobalt is a metallic element with the atomic number 27. It is found naturally in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals, and is mainly used to produce alloys and pigments. In small amounts cobalt is an essential element for life, as it is part of vitamin B12. However, excess exposure is known to exhibit toxic effects. Cobalt also exists in the toxic radioactive form Cobalt-60. (R084, R085)",,7440-48-4,104730,,C00175,"",27638,COBALT-FACTOR-III,,D003035,Cobalt,7202,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt,InChI=1/Co,cobalt,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/f04380b9728cd63a8000ec42753a3f28_1237937947.mol,[Co++],[Co++],[Co]2+,58.933189,Grey metallic solid.,1495 °C,"","","","","","","Inhalation 
Oral 
Dermal 
Radiation
(R084)",Serum albumin (P02768) (R087),"Cobalt is believed to exhibit its toxicity through a oxidant-based and free radical-based processes. It produces oxygen radicals and may be oxidized to ionic cobalt, causing increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inducing certain enzymes that lead to cell apoptosis. Cobalt has also been shown to block inorganic calcium channels, possibly impairing neurotransmission. Cobalt can also chelate lipoic acids, impairing oxidation of pyruvate or fatty acids. In addition, cobalt may inhibit DNA repair by interacting with zinc finger DNA repair proteins, and has also been shown to inhibit heme synthesis and glucose metabolism. Cobalt may activate specific helper T-lymphocyte cells and interact directly with immunologic proteins, such as antibodies (IgA and IgE) or Fc receptors, resulting in immunosensitization. Radioactive cobalt damages DNA, RNA, and lipids through ionizing events. (R084)","Cobalt is absorbed though the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Since it is a component of the vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), it is distributed to most tissues of the body. It is transported in the blood, often bound to albumin, with the highest levels being found in the liver and kidney. Cobalt is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (R084)","LD50: 6170 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R293)
LD50: 100 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R293)",1 to 2 mg/m3 for an adult human. (R270),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Cobalt is used to produce alloys used in the manufacture of aircraft engines, magnets, grinding and cutting tools, artificial hip and knee joints. Cobalt compounds are also used to color glass, ceramics and paints, and used as a drier for porcelain enamel and paints. Radioactive cobalt is used for commercial and medical purposes, such as for sterilizing medical equipment and consumer products, radiation therapy for treating cancer patients, manufacturing plastics, and irradiating food. (R084)","Chronic Inhalation: 0.0001 mg/m3 (R260) 
Intermediate Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (R260) 
Acute Radiation: 4 mSv (R260) 
Chronic Radiation: 1 mSv/yr (R260)","Exposure to high amount of cobalt can cause heart, lung, kidney, and liver damage. Skin contact is known to result in contact dermatitus. Cobalt may also have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Exposure to cobalt radiation causes cell damage and can lead to severe burns and death at high doses. (R084, R085)","Exposure to cobalt radiation may cause acute radiation syndrome, which is characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding, and possibly coma. (R084)",Treatment of cobalt poisoning is symptomatic. (R084),P00915;P00918;P22748;Q13936;P01854;P01877;P01876;P23025;P09874;P22557;P13196;Q06432;Q9Y698;O60359;Q9UBN1;Q9UF02;Q9BXT2;P62955;Q8WXS5;Q8WXS4;P54289;Q9NY47;Q8IZS8;Q7Z3S7;Q01668;O60840;Q13698;Q02641;Q08289;P54284;O00305;Q00975;O00555;Q15878;DNA
51,T3D0050,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:32 UTC,"DDT, O,P'-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"(-)-o,p'-DDT1,1,1-Trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane1-Chloro-2-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)benzene1-Chloro-2-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene2, 2-Bis(o,p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2,2,o,p'-Pentachloroethylidenebisbenzene2,2-Bis(o,p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethaneDDT, o,p'-DDT-o,p'O,p'-DDTO,p'-DDT, (r)-isomerO,p-DDTOrtho,para'-DDTWLN: GXGGYR bg&r DG","DDT, O,P'- is an isomer of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, an organochlorine insecticide. It is the major component of commercial mixtures of DDT. DDT was once a widely used pesticide, but today its agricultural use has been banned worldwide due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate. However, it still has limited use in disease vector control. (R152)",,789-02-6,13089,,C14187,"","","",,C016340,"DDT, O,P'-",,,,,"InChI=1/C14H9Cl5/c15-10-7-5-9(6-8-10)13(14(17,18)19)11-3-1-2-4-12(11)16/h1-8,13H","1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/bf01e91fed3a7484274264f2c2932b4a_1237938184.mol,C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl,C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl,C14H9Cl5,351.914690,White solid.,"","","","8.5e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","",Ingestion (R153),"Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Q16678) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) 
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) 
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (P24462) 
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (Q9HB55)
(R153)","DDT toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDT reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDT inhibits inactivation of the porous channels through which sodium ions pass. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization, causing a state of hyperexcitability. DDT inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDT also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. DDT is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (R029, R153)","DDT is absorbed in the stomach and intestine, after which it enters the lymphatic system and is carried throughout the body and incorporated into fatty tissues. Metabolism of DDT occurs mainly via cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver and kidney, where it undergoes reductive dechlorination to DDD (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) and DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene). These compounds are further degraded into additional metabolites, mainly DDA (bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid), which are excreted in the urine. (R153)","LD50: 87 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R275)
LD50: 1931 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R275) 
LD50: 1500 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (R275)","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",DDT is used as a pesticide and in disease vector control. (R152),"","Exposure to DDT causes loss of weight and anorexia. DDT poisoning affects CNS function in humans, but pathologic changes are observed in the liver and reproductive organs. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes and subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrolobular necrosis after exposure to high concentrations, and an increase in the incidence of hepatic tumors have been noted.
(R029)","Acute signs of DDT poisoning include paresthesia after oral ingestion. Studies have shown that a mammal poisoned with DDT-type agents displays periodic persistent tremoring and/or convulsive seizures that are suggestive of repetitive discharges in neurons. These repetitive tremors and seizures can be initiated by tactile and auditory stimuli.
(R029)","Treatment of DDT exposure should be primarily directed towards decontamination and supportive care, as there is no specific antidote. The use of gastric lavage and activated charcoal for large ingestions may be effective. (R274)",P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P62158;P03372;Q92731;P10275;Q9UL51;Q9Y3Q4;O60741;Q9P1Z3 ;P35498;Q9Y5Y9;Q9UI33;Q99250;Q9NY46;P35499;Q14524;Q01118;Q9UQD0;Q15858;Q07699;O60939;Q9NY72;Q8IWT1;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88
52,T3D0051,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-11 15:56:24 UTC,Aroclor 1016,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1,1'-Biphenyl, 3,3',5-trichloro-3,3',5-TRICHLOROBIPHENYLArochlor 1016Aroclor 1016Chlorodiphenyl (41% Cl)Polychlorinated biphenyl (aroclor 1016)","Aroclor 1016 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 41.5%. It is composed of mainly trichlorobiphenyls (54.67%), and also includes mono-, bi-, tetra-, and pentachlorinated homologs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,12674-11-2,38037,,"","","","",,C027386,Aroclor 1016,99,,,,InChI=1/C12H7Cl3/c13-10-3-1-2-8(4-10)9-5-11(14)7-12(15)6-9/h1-7H,"1,3-dichloro-5-(3-chlorophenyl)benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)C2=CC(=CC(=C2)Cl)Cl,Clc1cccc(c1)-c1cc(Cl)cc(Cl)c1,C12H7Cl3,255.961330,Clear oil.,"",325–356 °C ,1.37 g/cm3,"0.00042 mg/mL at 25 °C [MABEY,WR et al. (1981)]","",170 °C,4x10-4 mmHg at 25 °C,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal 
(R012)","Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
(R012)","The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are transported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 2300 mg/kg (Acute oral, Rat) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardouc waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptons can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;P20711;Q92731;P07101
53,T3D0052,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-25 15:53:56 UTC,Di-n-butyl phthalate,Organic Compound;Plasticizer;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Phthalate,"1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl esterAraldite 502BUFABenzene-o-dicarboxylic acid di-n-butyl esterBenzene-o-dicarboxylic acid, di-n-butyl esterBenzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl esterButyl phthalateCaswell No. 292Celluflex DPBDBPDBP (ester)Di n butyl phthalateDi-n-butyl phthalateDi-n-butyl phthalate (dbup)Di-n-butylester kyseliny ftalove [czech]Di-n-butylorthophthalateDibutyl 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylateDibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylateDibutyl ester of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acidDibutyl o-phthalateDibutyl phthalatedDibutyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxylateDibutyl-o-phthalateDibutyll phthalateDibutylphthatlateElaolErgoplast FDBErsoplast fdaGenoplast bHatcol DBPHexaplas m/bKodaflex DBPMorflex 240N-butyl phthalateN-butylphthalateO-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl esterOrtho-dibutyl phthalatePalatinol DBPPalatinol cPhthalate, butylPhthalate, di-n-butylPhthalate, dibutylPhthalate, dibutyl-Phthalic acid di-n-butyl esterPhthalic acid dibutyl esterPhthalic acid, dibutyl esterPolycizer DBPRC plasticizer DBPRCRA waste no. U069RCRA waste number U069Staflex DBPUniflex DBPUnimoll DBUniplex 150WLN: 4OVR BVO2Witcizer 300dibutyl phthalate (ACD/Name 4.0)","Di-n-butyl phthalate is a manufactured chemical that is added to plastics, paint, glue, hair spray, and other household products. It is commonly found in the environment, and most people are exposed to low levels in the air, water, and food. However, it is believed to have relativel low toxicity. (R258)",,84-74-2,3026,,"","",25520,"",,D003993,Di-n-butyl phthalate,1740,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibutyl phthalate,"InChI=1/C16H22O4/c1-3-5-11-19-15(17)13-9-7-8-10-14(13)16(18)20-12-6-4-2/h7-10H,3-6,11-12H2,1-2H3","dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC,CCCCOC(=O)c1ccccc1C(=O)OCCCC,C16H22O4,278.151810,Colorless oily liquid.,-35 °C,,,"0.0112 mg/mL at 25 °C [HOWARD,PH et al. (1985)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R258)","UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 (P22309) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3 (P35503) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4 (P22310) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-5 (P35504) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6 (P19224) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-7 (Q9HAW7) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8 (Q9HAW9) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 (O60656) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10 (Q9HAW8) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A1 (Q9Y4X1) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3 (Q6UWM9) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 (P06133) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (P16662) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 (P36537) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B11 (O75310) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 (P54855) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (O75795) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B28 (Q9BY64) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 3A1 (Q6NUS8) 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 3A2 (Q3SY77) 
(R258)","The most characteristic effect of di-n-butyl phthalate is testicular atrophy. Di-n-butyl phthalate exposure causes both the release of iron from hemoglobin and/or transferrin in the liver and spleen, and the subsequent depletion of iron in the blood and testes. The decreased amount of available iron results in a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity in the Sertoli cells. This results in disturbances in the energy transfer system between Sertoli cells and germ cells, which is required for the differentiation of male germ cells and their progression through the seminiferous epithelium and release as mature spermatozoa. Di-n-butyl phthalate may also exhibit weak estrogenic activity. It has been shown to exhibit toxic effects in liver mitochondria by uncoupling energy-linked processes and inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase. (R258, R259)","Di-n-butyl phthalate is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. It is rapidly distributed and cleared from the body. Metabolism of di-n-butyl phthalate proceeds mainly by nonspecific esterases in the gastrointestinal tract, which hydrolyze of one butyl ester bond to yield mono-n-butyl phthalate, the primary toxic metabolite. Mono-n-butyl phthalate is conjugated with glucuronic acid via glucuronosyltransferase and excreted in the urine. (R258)","LD50: 3050 mg/kg (Acute intraperitoneal, Rat) (R261)
LD50: 720 mg/kg (Acute intravenous, Mouse) (R261)
LD50: 5289 mg/kg (Acute oral, Mouse) (R261)
LC50: 25 g/m3 over 2 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (R261)",,,"Di-n-butyl phthalate is used to make plastics more flexible and is also in carpet backings, paints, glue, insect repellents, hair spray, nail polish, and rocket fuel. (R258)","","Adverse effects from di-n-butyl phthalate exposure have not yet been reported in humans. However, animals studies have shown that di-n-butyl phthalate can affect reproductive ability by decreasing sperm count and causing birth defects. (R258)",Skin contact with di-n-butyl phthalate may cause mild irritation. (R258),"",Q99643;O14521;P31040;P21912;Q07869;P37231
54,T3D0053,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-27 18:15:19 UTC,Nickel,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Nickel Compound,"16-08 NickelAlcan 756Carbonyl nickel powderDextrin, nickel complexFibrexFibrex pMalleable nickelMetallic nickelNINI 0901-S (harshaw)NICKEL, POWDER, 99.9%, 100 MESHNICKEL, SPONGE, 99.999%Ni(+)Ni+Niccolum Liquid (S#1155)-LiqNiccolum carbonicumNiccolum metallicumNiccolum sulfuricumNichelNichel [italian]Nickel 200Nickel 201Nickel 204Nickel 205Nickel 207Nickel 211Nickel 212Nickel 213Nickel 222Nickel 223Nickel 229Nickel 270Nickel [nickel and certain nickel compounds]Nickel [nickel and nickel compounds]Nickel catalystNickel cationNickel compoundsNickel liquidNickel metal and insoluble compoundsNickel particlesNickel spongeNickel(I) cationNickel, dextrin complexesNickel, elementalNickel, elemental/metalNickel, ion (Ni1+)Nickel, metalNickel, metal and insoluble compoundsNickel, metal, soluble, insoluble, and inorganicNickel, soluble compoundsNickel, soluble saltsNiquelRaney alloyRaney nickelnickel(1+)nickel(1+) ion","Nickel is a chemical compound with the atomic number 28. It is found abundantly in nature in laterite ore minerals, such as limonite, garnierite, and pentlandite. Pure nickel is mainly used to make alloys, which are found in items such as coins, jewelry, valves and heat exchangers. Nickel compounds are used for nickel plating, to color ceramics, to make some batteries, and as catalysts. Nickel also has a biological role, and is found in certain enzymes, including urease, hydrogenase, methylcoenzyme M reductase, and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. (R097, R098)",,7440-02-0,935,,C00291,"",28112,CPD-7425,,D009532,Nickel,946,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel,InChI=1/Ni,nickel,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/5bbad61751e56b5639ef7332d0782944_1237938546.mol,[Ni++],[Ni++],[Ni]2+,57.935341,Silvery-white metallic solid. ,1455 °C,"","","","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R098)","Serum albumin (P02768) 
Alpha-2-macroglobulin (P01023) 
(R098)","Nickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. (R098, R100)","Nickel is absorbed mainly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body it enters the bloodstream, where it binds to albumin, L-histidine, and α2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid, kidney, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in the urine, whereas unabsorbed nickel is excreted in the faeces. (R098)","LD50: 250 mg/kg (Intraperionteal, Rat) (R293)","","1, carcinogenic to humans (compounds) and 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans (metal, alloys). (R264)","Pure nickel is mainly used to make alloys, which are found in items such as coins, jewelry, valves and heat exchangers. Nickel compounds are used for nickel plating, to color ceramics, to make some batteries, and as catalysts. (R098)","Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.00009 mg/m3 (R260)","The most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans is an allergic reaction. This usually manifests as a skin rash, although some people experience asthma attacks. Long term inhahation of nickel causes chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function, as well as damage to the naval cavity. Ingestion of excess nickel results in damage to the stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as having adverse effects on reproduction and development. (R098)","Symptoms of nickel poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping, followed by chest pains, sweating, rapid heart beat, and a dry cough. (R099)",Excess exposure to nickel is usually handled by preventing further exposure and symptomatic treatment. Nickel poisoning may also be treated using chelation therapy with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. (R099),P63098;P62805;P68431;Q16695;P84243;P04554;Q71DI3;Q96LZ3;Q08209;P16298;P48454;Q9NNZ6;P04553;P07305;Q02539;P16403;P16402;P10412;P16401;Q8IZA3;P22492;Q92522;Q75WM6;P0C0S8;Q96QV6;P04908;Q93077;P20671;Q96KK5;Q99878;Q6FI13;Q8IUE6;Q16777;Q7L7L0;P0C5Y9;P0C5Z0;Q9BTM1;Q71UI9;P16104;P0C0S5;Q96A08;P33778;P62807;P58876;Q93079;P06899;O60814;Q99880;Q99879;Q99877;P23527;Q16778;Q5QNW6;Q8N257;P0C1H6;P57053;Q7Z2G1;Q6NXT2;P49450;Q99525;Q6DN03	;Q6DRA6;Q96Q83;O75164;Q96KS0;Q9Y4C1;Q9GZT9;Q9H6Z9;Q6NS38
55,T3D0054,2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:33 UTC,Endosulfan,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,":endosulfanAlpha-endosulfanAlpha-endosulfan solutionBenzoepinBeositCaswell No. 420ChlorthiepinChlortiepinCrisulfanCyclodanDevisulfanDevisulphanEndocelEndosalfan and metabolitesEndosolEndosulfan 35 ECEndosulfan 35ECEndosulfan IEndosulfan I (alpha)Endosulfan IIEndosulfan [ansi:bsi:iso]Endosulfan and metabolitesEndosulfan solutionEndosulfan, technical gradeEndosulphanEndotafEnsureGoldenleaf tobacco sprayHexachlorohexahydromethano 2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxideHildaHildanInsectopheneKop-thiodanMalixNiagara 5,462PFF Thiodan 4EPS81_SUPELCOPhaserRCRA waste no. P050RCRA waste number P050RasayansulfanSialanThiforThimulThiodanThiodan 35Thiodan 4E Insecticide LiquidThiodan 4ECThiodan 4EC InsecticideThiodan 50 WPThiodan 50 WP InsecticideThiodan dust insecticideThiodan rophenThioforThiomulThionateThionexThiosulfanThiosulfan tionelThiotoxThiotox (insecticide)TionelTionexTiovelbenzo[e][1,3,2]dioxathiepin-3-oxideniagra 5462","Endosulfan is a organochlorine insecticide and acaricide. It is used to control insects on food and non-food crops and also as a wood preservative. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, the use of endosulfan is banned in many areas. (R192, R193)",,115-29-7,3224,,C11090,"",4791,"",,D004726,Endosulfan,571,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosulfan,"InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/0f50ae532aabe091bd574050087954ad_1237938772.mol,C1C2C(COS(=O)O1)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C(COS(=O)O1)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C9H6Cl6O3S,403.816880,Cream- to brown-colored solid.,106 °C,"","","0.000325 mg/mL at 22 °C [TOMLIN,C (1994)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R194)","Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) 
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) 
(R196)","Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. Endosulfan also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. Endosulfan is also an endocrine disruptor and acts as an agonist at the progesterone receptor and estrogen receptors. (R029, R193, R194, R195, R312)","Endosulfan is absorbed by inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. It accumulates mainly in the liver, kidney, and brain, and is metabolized to polar and nonpolar metabolites by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Endosulfan and its metabolites, which include sulfate, diol, α-hydroxyether, lactone, and ether derivatives of endosulfan, are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R194)","LD50: 18 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 34 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 8 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 360 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rabbit) (R263) 
LC50: 80 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) 
(R263)",50 to 500 mg/kg for an adult human. (R310),,"Endosulfan is used as an insecticide, acaricide, and in wood preservatives. (R194)","Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260)","Endosulfan is a neurotoxin and damages the central nervous system, causing effects such as intermittent muscle twitching and myoclonic jerking. Endosulfan can also damage the kidneys, testes, and liver, and may possibly affect the body's ability to fight infection. It is also an endocrine disruptor and causes reproductive and developmental damage. (R029, R193, R194)","Symptoms of endosulfan poisoning include hyperactivity, hyperreflexia, tremors, dizziness, headache, convulsions, lack of coordination, staggering, difficulty breathing, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. (R029, R193, R194)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R311)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P06401;P03372;Q92731;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334
56,T3D0055,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:33 UTC,Endosulfan sulfate,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"5-Norbornene-2,3-dimethanol, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachoro-, cyclicEndosulfan sulfate solutionEndosulfan sulphateEndosulphan sulphatePS813_SUPELCOThiodan sulfate","Endosulfan sulfate is one of the primary metabolites of endosulfan. Endosulfan is a organochlorine insecticide and acaricide. It is used to control insects on food and non-food crops and also as a wood preservative. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, the use of endosulfan is banned in many areas. (R192, R193)",,1031-07-8,13940,,"","","","",,,Endosulfan sulfate,7979,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosulfan sulfate,"InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O4S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-19-20(16,17)18-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1C2C(COS(=O)(=O)O1)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C(COS(=O)(=O)O1)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C9H6Cl6O4S,419.811800,"",181-182 °C,"","","0.00048 mg/mL at 20 °C [SHIU,WY et al. (1990)]","","","",Oral Inhalation Dermal (R194),"Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813)
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684)
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815)
(R196)","Endosulfan sulfate antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. Endosulfan sulfate also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. Endosulfan sulfate is also an endocrine disruptor and acts as an agonist at the progesterone receptor and estrogen receptors. (R029, R193, R194, R195, R312)","Endosulfan and its metabolites, which include sulfate, diol, α-hydroxyether, lactone, and ether derivatives of endosulfan, are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R194)","","",,"Endosulfan is used as an insecticide, acaricide, and in wood preservatives. (R194)","","Endosulfan is a neurotoxin and damages the central nervous system, causing effects such as intermittent muscle twitching and myoclonic jerking. Endosulfan can also damage the kidneys, testes, and liver, and may possibly affect the body's ability to fight infection. It is also an endocrine disruptor and causes reproductive and developmental damage. (R029, R193, R194)","Symptoms of endosulfan poisoning include hyperactivity, hyperreflexia, tremors, dizziness, headache, convulsions, lack of coordination, staggering, difficulty breathing, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. (R029, R193, R194)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R311)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P06401;P03372;Q92731;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334
57,T3D0056,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:33 UTC,Diazinon,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organophosphate,"Agridin 60Alfa-toxAntigalAntigal (van)AntlakBassadinonBasudinBasudin 10 GBasudin 5GBasudin sBazudenBazudinBazudineCaswell No. 342CiazinonCompassCompass (insecticide)Cooper's flystrike powderDacutoxDassitoxDazzelDelzinonDi aterr-fosDiagranDianonDiaterr-fosDiazajetDiazideDiazinonDiazinon AG 500Diazinon [ansi:bsi:iso]Diazinon liquidDiazinon solutionDiazitolDiazolDicidDiethyl 2-isopropyl-4-met hyl-6-pyrimidyl thionophosphateDiethyl 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidyl thionophosphateDiethyl dimpylatumDimpilato [inn-spanish]DimpylatDimpylateDimpylate [inn]DimpylatumDimpylatum [inn-latin]DipofeneDisonexDizictolDiziktolDizinilDizinonDrawizonDyzolEktobandExodinExodin (van)FL ytrolFezudinFlytrolGalesanGarden toxGardentoxIsopropylmethylpyrimidyl diethyl thiophosphateKFM blowfly dressingKayazinonKayazolKleen-dokKnox Out 2FMKnox outKnox out yellow jacket contorlKnox-outMeodinonNedcidolNemacurNeocidolNeocidol (oil)Neocidol veterinary powderNeodinonNeotsidolNipsanNucidolO, O-Diethyl 2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidyl-6-thiophosphateO,O-Diethyl 2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidyl-6-thiophosphateO,O-Diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidyl)thiophosphateOleodiazinonOptimizerPS90_SUPELCORoot guardSarolexSpectracideSpectracide 25ECSrolexTerminatorWLN: T6N CNJ BY1 & 1 DOPS & O2 & O2 F1","Diazinon is the common name of O,O-diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-yl)phosphorothioate, a synthetic organophosphorus pesticide. It was formerly used as the active ingredient in household and garden products used to control pests such as flies, fleas, and cockroaches. Its use is now restricted to agricultural purposes and is used mainly on fruit and vegetable field crops. (R313, R314)",,333-41-5,3017,,C14324,"",34682,"",,D003976,Diazinon,411,,,,"InChI=1/C12H21N2O3PS/c1-6-15-18(19,16-7-2)17-11-8-10(5)13-12(14-11)9(3)4/h8-9H,6-7H2,1-5H3",diethoxy-(6-methyl-2-propan-2-ylpyrimidin-4-yl)oxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/c12db59cc8ceae89d7774321f4cfd011_1237939067.mol,CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC(=NC(=C1)C)C(C)C,CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC(=NC(=C1)C)C(C)C,C12H21N2O3PS,304.101050,Colorless oil (pure) or pale to dark brown liquid (technical).,< 25 °C,,,"0.04 mg/mL at 25 °C [SHAROM,MS et al. (1980A)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R313)","Cytochrome P450 2C19 (P33261) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684)
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815)
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (P10635)
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (P27169) 
Liver carboxylesterase 1 (P23141) 
Carboxylesterase 3 (Q6UWW8)","Diazoxon the main toxic intermediate of diazinon, inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the central and peripheral nervous system. This results in the accumulation of acetylcholine, causing excessive stimulation of cholinergic fibers in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings, neuromuscular junctions of the skeletal muscles, and cells of the central nervous system that results in hyperpolarization and receptor desensitization. This produces muscarinic, nicotinic, and CNS effects. Death is usually due to depression of the neurons in the brainstem, resulting in loss of respiratory drive and paralysis of the respiratory muscles, and/or cardiac failure. Diazinon cytotoxicity involves glutathione-modulated generation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress. (R313)","Diazinon is absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes. It is rapidly metabolized and does not accumulate significantly in body tissues. Diazinon is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, mainly CYP2C19, which initially oxidize it to the intermediate phosphooxythiran. Phosphooxythiran may undergo spontaneous desulfuration to form diazoxon, the main toxic intermediate. Alternatively, phosphooxythiran may be deactivated via hydrolysis, desulfuration, and deoxygenation to form metabolites 2-isopropyl4- methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMHP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and DEP, all of which are excreted in the urine. Detoxification of diazoxon to IMHP and DEP occurs via hydrolysis catalyzed by hepatic and extrahepatic A-esterases and B-esterases. (R313)","LD50: 66 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 180 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 65 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 58 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (R263)
LD50: 180 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R263)
",25 g for an adult human. (R316),,"Diazinon is used as an insecticide in agriculture, mainly on fruit and vegetable field crops. (R313)","Intermediate Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.006 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.0007 mg/kg/day (R260)",Diazinon affects mainly the nervous system. Exposure to high concentrations may results in coma and possibly death. (R313),"The symptoms associated with diazinon poisoning in humans include weakness, headaches, tightness in the chest, blurred vision, nonreactive pinpoint pupils, excessive salivation, difficulty breathing, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and slurred speech. (R314)",Diazinon poisoning may be treated with the antidote atropine and/or certain oximes. Artificial respiration may be needed. (R315),P22303;Q63HM1
58,T3D0057,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:33 UTC,"Endosulfan, alpha",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"&alpha;-endosulfan&alpha;-thiodanA-endosulfan-alphaAlpha-benzoepinAlpha-endosulfanAlpha-thiodanBeta-thionexEndosulfanEndosulfan &alpha;Endosulfan 1Endosulfan aEndosulfan, alpha","Endosulfan, Alpha is the stabler of two stereoisomers of endosulfan. Endosulfan is a organochlorine insecticide and acaricide. It is used to control insects on food and non-food crops and also as a wood preservative. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, the use of endosulfan is banned in many areas. (R192, R193)",,959-98-8,6433227,,"","",25520,"",,,"Endosulfan, alpha",8139,,,,"InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,7-,8?,19?/m1/s1","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1[C@H]2[C@@H](COS(=O)O1)[C@]3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C(COS(=O)O1)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C9H6Cl6O3S,403.816880,Cream- to brown-colored solid.,"","","","0.00051 mg/mL at 20 °C [BOWMAN,BT & SANS,WW (1983)]","","","",Oral Inhalation Dermal (R194),"Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813)
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684)
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815)
(R196)","Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. Endosulfan also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. Endosulfan is also an endocrine disruptor and acts as an agonist at the progesterone receptor and estrogen receptors. (R029, R193, R194, R195, R312)","Endosulfan is absorbed by inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. It accumulates mainly in the liver, kidney, and brain, and is metabolized to polar and nonpolar metabolites by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Endosulfan and its metabolites, which include sulfate, diol, α-hydroxyether, lactone, and ether derivatives of endosulfan, are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R194)","LD50: 18 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 34 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 8 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 360 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rabbit) (R263) 
LC50: 80 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) 
(R263)",50 to 500 mg/kg for an adult human. (R310),,"Endosulfan is used as an insecticide, acaricide, and in wood preservatives. (R194)",Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260) Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260),"Endosulfan is a neurotoxin and damages the central nervous system, causing effects such as intermittent muscle twitching and myoclonic jerking. Endosulfan can also damage the kidneys, testes, and liver, and may possibly affect the body's ability to fight infection. It is also an endocrine disruptor and causes reproductive and developmental damage. (R029, R193, R194)","Symptoms of endosulfan poisoning include hyperactivity, hyperreflexia, tremors, dizziness, headache, convulsions, lack of coordination, staggering, difficulty breathing, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. (R029, R193, R194)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R311)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P06401;P03372;Q92731;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334
59,T3D0058,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:33 UTC,Xylene,Organic Compound;Solvent;Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"1,3-Dimethylbenzene, benzylated1,3-Dimethylbenzol1,3-Xylene1,3-dimethylbenzene2,4-Xylene3-xyleneBENZENE,1,3-DIMETHYLBenzene, 1,3-dimethyl-Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl-, benzylatedBenzene, m-dimethyl-M-dimethylbenzeneM-methyltolueneM-xyleneM-xylene, benzylatedM-xylenesM-xylolMeta-xyleneSantosol 150WLN: 1R C1Xylene, m-Xylene, m-isomerXylene, mixed isomersXylenesm-Xylene [UN1307] [Flammable liquid]","Xylene refers to the mixture of its three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers: meta-xylene, ortho-xylene, and para-xylene. It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar, and is major component of gasoline and fuel oil. Xylene is used mainly as a solvent and in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. (R029, R319)",,1330-20-7,7929,,"","",27338,CPD-1125,,,Xylene,1479,,,,"InChI=1/C8H10/c1-7-4-3-5-8(2)6-7/h3-6H,1-2H3","1,3-dimethylbenzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C,CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C,C8H10,106.078250,Colorless liquid.,Boiling Pt : 138.5 oC,138.5 °C,,"0.106 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R319)","Serum albumin (P02768)
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
(R319)","In the blood, xylene is bound to serum proteins and accumulates primarily in the adipose tissue. The lipophilic effects of xylene, which dissolve lipid membranes, is responsible for the irritant effects on eyes, mucous membranes and skin. In addition, the lipophilicity of xylene is responsible for its narcotic and anaesthetic properties, which are similar for the three isomers. The mechanism of is anesthetic function probably relates to intercalation of the chemical into neuronal cell membranes, changing membrane properties that affect transmission of nerve impulses. The mechanism could be either by a disruption of the lipid environment in which membrane proteins function or by direct interaction with the hydrophobic/hydrophilic conformation of proteins in the neuronal membrane. Acute-duration oral or intermediate-duration inhalation exposures to high concentrations of xylene may result in death of cochlear hair cells and hearing loss. Experiments suggest that renal toxicity of xylene may be related to its metabolism by CYP2E1, which generates the production of oxidative intermediates and subsequent necrosis. Nephrotoxicity from xylene may involve induction of apoptosis through the activation of mitochondrial caspase-9 and caspase-3. (N009)","Xylenes are well absorbed by the inhalation and oral routes. Approximately 60% of inspired xylene is retained and approximately 90% of ingested xylene is absorbed. Absorption also occurs by the dermal route, but to a much lesser extent than by the inhalation and oral routes. Following absorption, xylene is rapidly distributed throughout the body by way of the systemic circulation. In the blood, it is primarily bound to serum proteins and accumulates primarily in adipose tissue. Xylene is primarily metabolized by oxidation of a methyl group and conjugation with glycine to yield the methylhippuric acid, whicih is the primary metabolite excreted in urine. Aromatic hydroxylation of xylene to xylenol occurs to only a limited extent in humans. Less than 2% of an absorbed dose is excreted in the urine as xylenol. Other minor metabolites found in urine include methylbenzyl alcohol and glucuronic acid conjugates of the oxidized xylene. In humans, hepatic microsomal CYP2E1 is the primary enzyme involved with the metabolism of xylene to methylbenzylalcohol, the dominant pathway leading to the formation of methylhippuric acid isomers. Unmetabolized xylene can be exhalated or also excreted in urine. (N009) ","LD50: 1590 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R276)
LC50: 6350 ppm over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (R286)
LD50: 1548 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R293)
LD50: 1700 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (R293)",50 and 500 mg/kg for an adult human. (R321),"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","Xylene mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure may cause delayed reaction time, impaired short-term memory, and changes in one’s sense of balance. High levels of exposure can result in coma, respiratory depression and death from cerebral anoxia. Xylene may also damage the liver, kidney, and lungs. Effects on fetal body weight and delay of skeletal ossification can occur in pregnant women. (N009, R319, R320) ","Acute Inhalation: 2 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.05 ppm (R260)
Acute Oral: 1 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.4 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (R260)","Xylene mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure may cause delayed reaction time, impaired short-term memory, and changes in one’s sense of balance. High levels of exposure can result in coma, respiratory depression and death from cerebral anoxia. Xylene may also damage the liver, kidney, and lungs. Effects on fetal body weight and delay of skeletal ossification can occur in pregnant women. (N009, R319, R320) ","Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, and nausea can follow ihnalation and ingestion exposure. Burning sensations and abdominal pain can also result from ingestion. Dry skin, redness, and pain can result from dermal and eye exposure depending on the route of exposure. Conjunctivitis, dermatitis, irritation to respiratory tract, dyspnea, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, vertigo, incoordination, irritation, gangrene and anemia can also follow xylene poisoning. (N010)","Gastric lavage is generally NOT indicated following oral exposure, as it is likely to increase the risk of aspiration. Activated charcoal may induce vomiting and increase pulmonary aspiration risk, and is generally NOT indicated. It should be limited to rare situations when there is a toxic coingestant. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress, if cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. The development of pulmonary edema from extreme vapor inhalation may be delayed up to 72 hours. If symptomatic, obtain chest x-ray, if severe, monitor arterial blood gases or pulse oximetry. Supplemental oxygen, PEEP, or CPAP may be necessary. Do not administer excessive fluids. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes in case of eye exposure. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (R264) ",P05181;P13584
60,T3D0059,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:34 UTC,"Chlordane, cis-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"&alpha;-chlordan&alpha;-chlordaneAlpha-chlordaneChlordan, cis-Chlordane cisCis-chlordan","cis-Chlordane, also known as alpha-chlordane, is one of two isomers of chlordane. Chlordane is a manufactured chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. (R158)",,5103-71-9,12303035,,"","",39068,"",,,"Chlordane, cis-",,,,,"InChI=1/C10H6Cl8/c11-3-1-2-4(5(3)12)9(16)7(14)6(13)8(2,15)10(9,17)18/h2-5H,1H2/t2?,3-,4-,5-,8+,9-/m1/s1","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1Cl)Cl)[C@]3(C(=C([C@@]2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C(C(C1Cl)Cl)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C10H6Cl8,405.797770,Colorless to amber liquid.,"",,,"5.6e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [MABEY,WR et al. (1981)]",,,,Oral Inhalation (R259),Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) (R159),"Chlordane is believed to bind irreversibly to DNA, leading to cell death or altered cellular function. It also affects transcription by antagonizing estrogen-related receptors. Chlordane induces hepatic cytochrome P-450, causing a large increase in the volume of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which results in hepatocellular enlargement and hypertrophy. Chlordane has also been shown to bind and activate retinoic acid receptor, causing various developmental defects, and inhibit alkaline phosphatases in hepatic and renal tissues. (R159, R162, R163, R205, R206)","Chlordane is highly lipophilic and is thus easily absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, then stored mainly in the fat. Chlordane is metabolized mainly in the liver and kidney. Metabolism is slow, and is believed to occur by multiple pathways involving cytochrome P-450 enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase type enzymes, and microsomal mixed-function oxidase systems. The metabolites are generally less toxic and include chlordene chlorohydrin, monohydroxylated dihydrochlordene, and oxychlordane. They are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R159)","LD50: 200 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R261) LD50: 343 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R261) LD50: 10 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R263) LD50: 780 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263) LC50: 100 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Cat) (R263)",100 mg/kg for an adult human. (R265),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",Chlordane was used as a pesticide. (R158),Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (R260) Chronic Inhalation: 0.00002 mg/m3 (R260) Acute Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260) Intermediate Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (R260) Chronic Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (R260),"Chlordane is a central nervous system stimulant, and can also damage the digestive system and the liver. Large doses have been known to cause convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Chlordane is also known to have adverse reproductive and developmental effects. (R159)","Ingestion and inhalation of chlordane cause headaches, irritability, confusion, weakness, vision problems, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and jaundice. (R159)","Treatment is symptomatic. It is aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. Gastric lavage, followed by the administration of activated charcoal, may be performed following ingestion. (R282)",P05186;P20813;P08684;Q9HB55;P20815;P24462;P62508;P10826;P13631;P11474;O95718;DNA;P03372;Q92731
61,T3D0060,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:34 UTC,Dibromochloropropane,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride;Organobromide,"1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE1,2-Dibrom-3-chlor-propan1,2-Dibrom-3-chlor-propan [German]1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)1,2-Dibromo-3-cloro-propano1,2-Dibromo-3-cloro-propano [Italian]1,2-Dibromochloropropane1,2-Dibroom-3-chloorpropaan1,2-Dibroom-3-chloorpropaan [Dutch]1,3-Dibromo-3-chloropropane1-Chloro-2,3-dibromopropane2,3-Dibromo-1-chloropropane3-Chloro-1,2-dibromopropaneBBCPC3H5Br2ClCBCPCaswell No. 287DBCPDibromchlorpropanDibromchlorpropan [german]Dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2- (DBCP)DibromochloropropaneDibromochloropropane [UN2872] [Poison]Durham Nematicode EM 17.1Fumag onFumagonFumazon 86FumazoneFumazone 86Fumazone 86EGro-tone nematode granularInChI=1/C3H5Br2Cl/c4-1-3(5)2-6/h3H,1-2HNemabromNemafumeNemagonNemagon 20Nemagon 206Nemagon 20GNemagon 90Nemagon soil fumigantNemagoneNemanaxNemanexNemapazNemasetNematocideNematocide EM 12.1Nematocide EM 15.1Nematocide Solution EM 17.1NematoxNemazonOxy DBCPPropane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-Propane, 1-chloro-2,3-dibromo-Propane, dibromochloro-RCRA waste no. U066RCRA waste number U066WLN: G1YE1E","Dibromochloropropane is a manufactured chemical and the active ingredient in the nematicide Nemagon, also known as Fumazone. Nemagon is a soil fumigant formerly used in agriculture but banned to most areas today. (R237)",,67708-83-2,7280,,"","","","",,,Dibromochloropropane,,,,,"InChI=1/C3H5Br2Cl/c4-1-3(5)2-6/h3H,1-2H2","1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C(C(CBr)Br)Cl,C(C(CBr)Br)Cl,C3H5Br2Cl,233.844650,Colorless liquid.,"",,,"",,,,Oral Inhalation Dermal (R236),Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) (R236),"The initial metabolism of dibromochloropropane to reactive epoxide metabolites that bind to DNA and other macromolecules may be responsible for its hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The mechanism of dibromochloropropane's testicular toxicity is believed to be due to either the inhibition of sperm carbohydrate metabolism, probably at the step of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, or direct DNA damage caused by its metabolites. (R236, R238)","Dibromochloropropane  is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. It accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, and adipose tissues. Dibromochloropropane  is initially converted to epoxy derivatives, which are further hydrolyzed and debrominated. Glutathione (GSH) conjugation of epoxide intermediates in the liver is believed to produce precursors to toxic intermediates. The metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine. (R236)","LD50: 100 mg/kg (Oral, Rabbit) (R292) LC50: 1480 mg/m3 over 1 hour (Inhalation, Rat) (R292)",,"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Dibromochloropropane is the active ingredient in the nematicide Nemagon, also known as Fumazone. Nemagon is a soil fumigant formerly used in agriculture. (R236)",Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 ppm (R260) Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260),"Breathing high levels of dibromochloropropane causes reproductive damage, including reduced sperm counts, birth defects, and infertility. It may also damage the stomach, liver, kidneys, brain, spleen, blood, and lungs, and cause skin and eye damage from direct contact. (R236)","Symptoms of dibromochloropropane exposure include headaches, nausea, lightheadedness, and weakness. (R236)","",P03886;P49821;P19404;P56181;O75306;O75489;O43181;O43920;O75380;O75251;O00217;P28331;P03891;P03897;P03905;P03901;P03915;P03923;P03372;Q92731
62,T3D0061,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:34 UTC,Methoxychlor,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1, 1-Bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane1,1'-(2,2, 2-Trichloroethylidene)bis(4-methoxybenzene)1,1'-(2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene)-bis[4-methoxybenzene]1,1'-(2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene)bis(4-methoxybenzene)1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-methoxybenzene)1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-methoxy-phenyl)-aethan1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-methoxy-phenyl)-aethan [German]1,1,1-Trichloro-2, 2-bis(p-anisyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2, 2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2, 2-di(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-anisyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-di(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane1,1-Bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane2, 2-Di(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane2,2,2-t richloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane2,2-Bis (p-methoxyphenol)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2-Bis(p-anisyl)-1, 1,1-trichloroethane2,2-Bis(p-anisyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2-Bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1, 1-trichloroethane2,2-Bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2-Di(p-anisyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2-Di(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2-Di-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane2,2-Di-p-anisyl-1,1,1-trichloroethane4,4-(2,2,2-Trichloroethylidene)dianisoleBenzene, 1,1'-(2,2, {2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-methoxy-}Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis(4-methoxy)-Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis(4-methoxy-Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis*4-methoxy-Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-methoxy-Bis(p-anisyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethaneBis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethaneCaswell No. 550ChemformChemform methoxychlorDMDTDMDTOMS 466Di(p-methoxyphenyl) trichloromethyl methaneDi(p-methoxyphenyl)trichloromethyl methaneDianisyl trichloroethaneDianisyltrichlorethaneDianisyltrichloroethaneDimethox ydiphenyltrichloroethaneDimethoxy-DDTDimethoxy-DTDimethoxydiphenyltrichloroethaneDouble-m ecEthane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-Ethane, 2,2-bis(p-anisyl)-1,1, 1-trichloro-Ethane, 2,2-bis(p-anisyl)-1,1,1-trichloro-Flo pro mcseed protectantHigalmetoxKid pest project (methoxychlor) (see also methoxychlor)M1501_SIGMAMaralateMarlateMarlate 2-mr emulsifiable insecticideMarlate 300 flowableMarlate 400 flowable concentrateMarlate 50 WPMarlate methoxychlor insecticideMaxieMeoclMethoxcideMethoxoMethoxy DDTMethoxy-DDTMethoxychlor (see also kid pest project (methoxychlor))Methoxychlor 2 ecMethoxychlor [95%]Methoxychlor [bsi:iso]Methoxychlor solutionMethoxychlor, technicalMethoxychloreMethoxychlore [iso-french]MetoksychlorMetoksychlor (polish)Metoksychlor [polish]MetoxMezox kMoxieP, p'-methoxychlorP,p'-(dimethoxydiphenyl)trichloroethaneP,p'-DMDTP,p'-dimethoxydiphenyltrichl oroethaneP,p'-dimethoxydiphenyltrichloroethaneP,p'-dwumetoksydwufenylotrojchloroetanP,p'-dwumetoksydwufenylotrojchloroetan [polish]P,p'-methoxychlorPS83_SUPELCOPmethoxychlorPrentoxPubertal methoxychlor studyRCRA waste no. U247Rcra waste number U247Trichloroethane, dianisylWLN: GXGGYR DO1&R DO1","Methoxychlor is a manufactured organochlorine used as an insecticide against flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, chiggers, and a wide variety of other insects. It is used on agricultural crops and livestock, and in animal feed, barns, grain storage bins, home garden, and on pets. (R323)",,72-43-5,4115,,C11043,"",6842,"",,D008731,Methoxychlor,843,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxychlor,"InChI=1/C16H15Cl3O2/c1-20-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)15(16(17,18)19)12-5-9-14(21-2)10-6-12/h3-10,15H,1-2H3","1-methoxy-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/7746a23d35985d02f53c003f52640ed5_1237939613.mol,COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl,COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl,C16H15Cl3O2,344.013760,Pale-yellow powder.,87 °C,"","","0.0001 mg/mL at 25 °C [RICHARDSON,LT & MILLER,DM (1960)]","","","",Oral Dermal (R323),"Cytochrome P450 2C19 (P33261) 
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) 
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (P11509) 
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (P11712) 
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813)
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (P10635)
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) 
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684)
(R323)","Certain mono- and bis-hydroxy metabolites of methoxychlor, especially 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1, 1-trichloroethane (HPTE), act as estrogen analogues. HPTE is an estrogen receptor alpha agonist, and also acts as an antagonist at the estrogen receptor beta and androgen receptor. This affects protein synthesis, which is believed to cause many of methoxychlor's estrogenic effects, such as decreased fertility. As methoxychlor is also a structural analogue of DDT, it is believed to have the same neurotoxic effects. This includes preventing the deactivation of the sodium gate after neuron activation and membrane depolarization, resulting in hyperexcitability of the nerve. Like DDT, methoxychlor may also inhibit neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. This contributes to the reduced rate of depolarization and increases the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. (R029, R325)","Methoxychlor is well absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and to a lesser extent by the skin. Once in the bloodstream, methoxychlor appears to distribute to most tissues of the body, with highest levels usually found in fat. Methoxychlor is metabolized rapidly by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, undergoing demethylation to form phenolic derivatives, with dechlorination and dehydrochlorination reactions occurring to a lesser extent. The metabolites of methoxychlor are excreted mainly in the faeces. (R323)","LD50: 3460 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R323)",6400 mg/kg for an adult human. (R324),"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","Methoxychlor is used as an insecticide against flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, chiggers, and a wide variety of other insects. It is used on agricultural crops and livestock, and in animal feed, barns, grain storage bins, home garden, and on pets. (R323)",Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260),"Animal studies show that methoxychlor may affect the reproductive system, causing harm to the ovaries, uterus, and mating cycle in females, and the testes and prostate in males, as well as decreased fertility in both sexes. Methoxychlor exposure may also cause EEG pattern changes. (R029. R323)","High levels of methoxychlor may cause fatigue, lethargy, tremors, convulsions and seizures. (R029, R323)","",P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;Q9UL51;Q9Y3Q4;O60741;Q9P1Z3 ;P35498;Q9Y5Y9;Q9UI33;Q99250;Q9NY46;P35499;Q14524;Q01118;Q9UQD0;Q15858;Q07699;O60939;Q9NY72;Q8IWT1;P03372;Q92731;P10275
63,T3D0062,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:34 UTC,Benzo[k]fluoranthene,Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"11,12-Benzo(k)fluoranthene11,12-Benzofluoranthene2,3,1',8'-Binaphthylene8,9-Benzfluoranthene8,9-BenzofluorantheneBCR048R_FLUKABenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluoranthene [polycyclic aromatic compounds]Benzo(k)fluoranthene [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]Benzo[k]fluoranthene solutionDibenzo(b,JK)fluoreneDibenzo[b,JK]fluorene","Benzo[k]fluoranthene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (R028)",,207-08-9,9158,,C14321,"","","",,C022921,Benzo[k]fluoranthene,6382,,,,InChI=1/C20H12/c1-2-6-15-12-19-17-10-4-8-13-7-3-9-16(20(13)17)18(19)11-14(15)5-1/h1-12H,benzo[k]fluoranthene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/bed80d15f6dcdf373924c10de2d78ec4_1237939736.mol,C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC=CC5=C4C(=CC=C5)C3=CC2=C1,C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC=CC5=C4C(=CC=C5)C3=CC2=C1,C20H12,252.093900,Pale yellow solid.,217 °C,"","","8e-07 mg/mL at 25 °C [PEARLMAN,RS et al. (1984)]","","","",Oral Inhalation (R028),Serum albumin (P02768) Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) (R060),"The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (R028, R060, R068, R073) ","PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (R028)","","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (R028)","","PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (R028)","Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (R034)
",There is no known antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R028),P35869;Q14749;DNA
64,T3D0063,2009-03-06 18:58:00 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:34 UTC,Endrin ketone,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,&laquo;delta&raquo;-Keto 153&laquo;delta&raquo;-ketoendrinDelta-ketoendrinEndrin-ketone solutiondelta-Keto 153,"Endrin ketone is the chemical produced when endrin is exposed to light. Endrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an insecticide on cotton, maize, and rice. It also acts as an avicide and rodenticide. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, its use is now banned in most parts of the world. (R190)",,53494-70-5,62060,,"","","","",,,Endrin ketone,,,,,"InChI=1/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-9(14)6-2-1-3(7(6)19)4-5(2)11(9,16)12(17,18)10(4,8)15/h2-6,8H,1H2","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1C2C3C4C1C(=O)C2C5(C3(C(C4(C5Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C3C4C1C(=O)C2C5(C3(C(C4(C5Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C12H8Cl6O,377.870630,,"",,,"",,,,Oral (R190),,"Endrin antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. Endrin also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. Endrin also causes increased lipid peroxidation, decreased membrane fluidity, and DNA damage in hepatocytes, but the exact mechanism is unknown. (R029, R191)","Endrin is absorbed orally and distributed primarily to the fat and skin. The major biotransformation product is anti-l 2-hydroxyendrin and the corresponding sulfate, as well as glucuronide metabolites. Anti- and syn-12-hydroxyendrin and 12-ketoendrin are the main toxic metabolites of endrin. Endrin and its metabolites are excreted in urine and feces. (R191)",,,,Endrin is used as a pesticide. (R190),,"Endrin poisoning affects primarily the nerve system. Exposure causes various harmful effects including hyperexcitability, severe central nervous system damage, and death. Endrin is also believed to cause birth defects. (R029, R191)","Symptoms that may result from endrin poisoning are headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. (R191)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R291)",P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
65,T3D0064,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:34 UTC,"Chlordane, trans-",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"&beta;-chlordan&beta;-chlordaneBeta-chlordaneChlordan, trans-Chlordane &laquo;gamma&raquo; (trans)Chlordane transTrans-&laquo;gamma&raquo;-chlordaneTrans-chlordanTrans-gamma-chlordane","Trans-chlordane, also known as gamma-chlordane, is one of two isomers of chlordane. Chlordane is a manufactured chemical that was used as a pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. (R158)",,5103-74-2,12303036,,"","",39069,"",,,"Chlordane, trans-",,,,,"InChI=1/C10H6Cl8/c11-3-1-2-4(5(3)12)9(16)7(14)6(13)8(2,15)10(9,17)18/h2-5H,1H2/t2?,3-,4+,5+,8-,9+/m0/s1","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1Cl)Cl)[C@]3(C(=C([C@@]2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C(C(C1Cl)Cl)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C10H6Cl8,405.797770,Colorless to amber liquid.,"",,,"5.6e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [MABEY,WR et al. (1981)]",,,,Oral Inhalation (R259),Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) (R159),"Chlordane is believed to bind irreversibly to DNA, leading to cell death or altered cellular function. It also affects transcription by antagonizing estrogen-related receptors. Chlordane induces hepatic cytochrome P-450, causing a large increase in the volume of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which results in hepatocellular enlargement and hypertrophy. Chlordane has also been shown to bind and activate retinoic acid receptor, causing various developmental defects, and inhibit alkaline phosphatases in hepatic and renal tissues. (R159, R162, R163, R205, R206)","Chlordane is highly lipophilic and is thus easily absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, then stored mainly in the fat. Chlordane is metabolized mainly in the liver and kidney. Metabolism is slow, and is believed to occur by multiple pathways involving cytochrome P-450 enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase type enzymes, and microsomal mixed-function oxidase systems. The metabolites are generally less toxic and include chlordene chlorohydrin, monohydroxylated dihydrochlordene, and oxychlordane. They are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R159)","LD50: 200 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R261) LD50: 343 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R261) LD50: 10 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R263) LD50: 780 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263) LC50: 100 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Cat) (R263)",100 mg/kg for an adult human. (R265),"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",Chlordane was used as a pesticide. (R158),Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (R260) Chronic Inhalation: 0.00002 mg/m3 (R260) Acute Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260) Intermediate Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (R260) Chronic Oral: 0.0006 mg/kg/day (R260),"Chlordane is a central nervous system stimulant, and can also damage the digestive system and the liver. Large doses have been shown to cause convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Chlordane is also known to have adverse reproductive and developmental effects. (R159)","Ingestion and inhalation of chlordane cause headaches, irritability, confusion, weakness, vision problems, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and jaundice. (R159)","Treatment is symptomatic. It is aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. Gastric lavage, followed by the administration of activated charcoal, may be performed following ingestion. (R282)",P05186;P20813;P08684;Q9HB55;P20815;P24462;P62508;P10826;P13631;P11474;O95718;DNA;P03372;Q92731
66,T3D0065,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:35 UTC,Chromium(VI) oxide,Inorganic Compound;Chromium Compound,"Amperit 704.0Anadonis greenAnhydride chromiqueAnhydride chromique [french]Anidride cromicaAnidride cromica [italian]C-grun [german]C.I. Pigment Green 17CI Pigment Green 17Casalis greenChrom(vi)-oxidChromeChrome (trioxyde de) [french]Chrome Green F 3Chrome bronzeChrome greenChrome ocherChrome ochreChrome oxideChrome oxide (Cr2O3)Chrome oxide green BXChrome oxide green GN-mChrome oxide green GPChromiaChromia (CrO3)Chromic (vi) acidChromic acidChromic acid greenChromic acid mixtureChromic acid on Amberlyst A-26Chromic acid, chromium saltChromic acid, polymer-supportedChromic acid, solidChromic acid,chromic(vi)acidChromic acid,solidChromic anhydrideChromic oxideChromic oxide [chromium and chromium compounds]Chromic trioxideChromic(vi) acidChromicum acidumChromium Oxide X1134Chromium Tab 500mcgChromium anhydrideChromium oxideChromium oxide (Cr2O3)Chromium oxide (Cr4O12)Chromium oxide (Cr8O12)Chromium oxide (CrO3)Chromium oxide greenChromium oxide greensChromium oxide hydrateChromium oxide pigmentChromium oxide tetrahydrateChromium sesquioxideChromium trioxide (chemical mixture study)Chromium trioxide [chromium and chromium compounds]Chromium trioxide, anhydrous [UN1463] [Oxidizer]Chromium trioxide, sinteredChromium(3+) oxideChromium(3+) trioxideChromium(6+) trioxideChromium(6+)trioxidChromium(III) oxideChromium(III) oxide (2:3)Chromium(III) sesquioxideChromium(VI) oxide (1:3)Chromium(vi) oxideChromium(vi) trioxideChromosulfuric acidChromous trioxideChromsaeureanhydridChromsaeureanhydrid [german]ChromtrioxidChromtrioxid [german]ChroomtrioxydeChroomtrioxyde [dutch]ChroomzuuranhydrideChroomzuuranhydride [dutch]Cosmetic hydrophobic Green 9409Cosmetic micro blend chrome oxide 9229CrO3Cromo(triossido di)Cromo(triossido di) [italian]Dichromium trioxideDichromium trioxide [ban]Green chrome oxideGreen chromic oxideGreen chromium oxideGreen cinnabarGreen oxide of chromiumGreen oxide of chromium OC-31Green rougeKromex U 1Leaf greenLevanox green gaMonochromium oxideMonochromium trioxideOKhP1Oil greenOxide of chromiumPigment green 17Puratronic chromium trioxidePure Chromium Oxide Green 59Red oxide of chromiumSintered chromium trioxideTrioxochromiumTrioxyde de chrome[CrO3]chromium oxide, 51Cr-labeledchromium(6+) oxide",Chromium(VI) oxide is a chemical compound of hexavalent chromium. It is used mainly in electroplating. Hexavalent chromium is more toxic than other oxidation states of the chromium atom because of its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. (R116),,1333-82-0,14915,,"","",48240,"",,C028801,Chromium(VI) oxide,8144,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium trioxide,InChI=1/Cr.3O,trioxochromium,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,O=[Cr](=O)=O,O=[Cr](=O)=O,CrO3,99.925260,Dark red-brown solid.,197 °C,"","","","","","",Oral Inhalation Dermal (R042),Sulfate transporter (P50443) Sulfate anion transporter 1 (Q9H2B4) (R041),"Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (R041, R042, R075, R076, R077)","Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (R041, R042)","LD50: 80 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 14 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)
",1 to 3 grams for an adult human. (R331),"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",Chromium(VI) oxide is used mainly in electroplating. (R116),"Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (R260)",Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been known to cause reproductive and developmental defects. (R041),"Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (R042)",There is no known antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R042),P28482;P27361;Q13547;Q14872;DNA
67,T3D0066,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:35 UTC,Methane,Organic Compound;Fuel;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate,"AG 3 (Adsorbent)AG 5 (Adsorbent)ART 2Acetylene blackActicarboneActivated carbonActivated charcoalAdsorbitAerodag gAk (adsorbent)Alkanes, C1-2Amoco PX 21Animal bone charcoalAnthrasorbAqua nucharAquadagAroflowArogenArotoneArovelArrowAtj-sAtj-s graphiteAtlanticBAUBiogasBlack 140Black Kosmos 33Black leadBlack pearlsC.I. Pigment Black 10C.I. Pigment Black 6C.I. Pigment Black 7CF 8 (Carbon)CHCI Pigment black 7CLF IICUZ 3CWN 2Calcotone blackCancarbCanesorbCanlubCarbeneCarbodisCarbolacCarbolac 1CarbometCarbonCarbon blackCarbon black BV and vCarbon black, acetyleneCarbon black, channelCarbon black, furnaceCarbon black, lampCarbon black, thermalCarbon, activatedCarbon, activated [UN1362] [Spontaneously combustible]Carbon, amorphousCarbon, colloidalCarbon, vitreousCarbon-12CarboneCarboniumCarbonoCarbopol Z 4Carbopol extraCarbopol mCarbopol z extraCarbosieveCarbosorbit rCarbyneCaswell No. 161CecarbonCeylon black leadChannel blackChar, from refuse burnerCharcoalCharcoal, activatedCharcoal, except activatedCoke powderColgon BPLColgon PCB 12X30Colgon PCB-dCollocarbColumbia LCKColumbia carbonConductexConductex 900ContinexCorax aCorax pCroflexCrolacDarcoDegussaDelussa black FWDiamondDiamond-Durex oEagle germantownElectrographiteElftexEssexExcelsiorExp-fExplosion acetylene blackExplosion blackFarbrussFectoFiltrasorbFiltrasorb 200Filtrasorb 400Fire dampFlamrussFortafil 5YFurnace blackFurnalFurnexFurnex N 765Gas blackGas-furnace blackGastexGrafoilGrafoil gtaGraphiteGraphite (all forms except graphite fibers)Graphite (natural), dustGraphite (synthetic)Graphite, naturalGraphite, syntheticGraphitic acidGraphnol N 3MGrosafeHitco HMG 50HuberHumenegroHydrodarcoImpingement blackImpingement carbonsIrgalite 1104JADOKetjenblack ecKohlenstoffKorobonKosminkKosmobilKosmolakKosmosKosmothermKosmovarLamp blackLampblackMA 100 (Carbon)MPG 6MYRMagecolMarsh gasMetanexMetanoMethanMethane in gaseus stateMethanetriylMethyl hydrideMethyleneMethylidyneMicronexMiike 20Mineral carbonModulexMogulMogul lMolaccoMonarch 1300Monarch 700Natural gasNeo spectra beads agNeo-spectra IINeo-spectra mark IINeotexNiteron 55NoritNucharOil-furnace blackOu-bP 33 (carbon black)PapyexPeach blackPelikan C 11/1431aPelletexPermablak 663PhilblackPhilblack N 550Philblack N 765Philblack oPigment black 6Pigment black 7PlumbagoPlumbago (graphite)PrintexPrintex 60Pyro-Carb 406RavenRaven 30Raven 420Raven 500RebonexRegalRegal 300Regal 330Regal 400RRegal 600Regal 99Regal SRFRegentRocol X 7119Royal spectraS 1 (Graphite)SKGSKLN 1SKTSKT (adsorbent)SchungiteSevacarbSevalShawinigan acetylene blackShell carbonShungiteSilver graphiteSpecial Black 1V & VSpecial schwarzSpheronSpheron 6StatexStatex N 550Sterling MTSterling N 765Sterling NSSterling SO 1Stove blackSuchar 681Super-carbovarSuper-spectraSuperbaSupersorbon S 1Supersorbon ivSwedish black leadSwine FLY ashTetrahydridocarbonTherma-atomic blackThermal acetylene blackThermal blackThermatomicThermaxThermblackTinoliteToka Black 4500Toka Black 5500Toka Black 8500UNKUcar 38Vitreous carbonWatercarbWhetleriteWitcarb 940hydridocarbon(3.)hydridocarbon(3.) (quartet)r 50 (refrigerant)","Methane is is the simplest alkane and also the major component of natural gas, about 87% by volume. Though it is biologically inactive and thus of limited toxicity, methane is highly flammable, potentially explosive, and an asphyxiant. Methane is also a relatively potent greenhouse gas, with a high global warming potential. (R332, R333)",,74-82-8,297,,C01438,"250650
609236",16183,CH4,,D008697,Methane,3261,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane,InChI=1/CH4/h1H4,methane,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/4e6981acbe4de608da1c46e5483fc182_1237940113.mol,C,C,CH4,16.031300,Colorless gas.,-182.4 °C,,,"0.022 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]",,,,Inhalation (R333),,"Methane is an asphyxiant and displaces oxygen in enclosed spaces. At high enough concentrations, oxygen depletion may cause asphyxiation. Low concentrations of surrounding oxygen results in deficient oxygen to the organs, compounded by increased oxygen exhalation during respiration. This results in generalized hypoxia and possibly death. (R332, R335)",Methane is biologically inactive. (R333),"LC50: 326 gm/m3 over 2 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (R334)",,,"Methane is the major component of natural gas, which is found in geological deposits known as natural gas fields and used as vehicle fuel in its compressed form. Methane may be burned to produce electricity and is often piped into homes for domestic heating and cooking purposes. Methane is also used in industrial processes to produce chemicals such as hydrogen, methanol, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride. (R332)",,"Methane is an asphyxiant and displaces oxygen in enclosed spaces. At high enough concentrations, oxygen depletion may cause asphyxiation, resulting in generalized hypoxia and possibly death. (R332, R333)","Symptoms of methane asphyxiation include nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, headache, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, disorientation, mood swings, tingling sensation, loss of coordination,
suffocation, convulsions, unconsciousness, coma, and possibly death. (R334)","Asphyxiation should be treated by moving the affected person to an uncontaminated area, then giving artificial respiration and administering oxygen, if necessary. (R334)",""
68,T3D0067,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:35 UTC,"Endosulfan, beta",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,"&beta;-endosulfan&beta;-thiodanAlpha-thionexB-endosulfan-betaBeta-benzoepinBeta-endosulfanBeta-thiodanEndosulfan 2Endosulfan bEndosulfan, betaEndosulfan-&beta;General weed killer","Endosulfan, Beta is one of two stereoisomers of endosulfan. Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaricide. It is used to control insects on food and non-food crops and as a wood preservative. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, the use of endosulfan is banned in many areas. (R192, R193)",,33213-65-9,6434141,,"","",25520,"",,,"Endosulfan, beta",8145,,,,"InChI=1/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,7-,8?,19?/m0/s1","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1[C@@H]2[C@H](COS(=O)O1)[C@@]3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1C2C(COS(=O)O1)C3(C(=C(C2(C3(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C9H6Cl6O3S,403.816880,Cream- to brown-colored solid.,"","","","0.00045 mg/mL at 20 °C [BOWMAN,BT & SANS,WW (1983)]","","","",Oral Inhalation Dermal (R194),Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) Cytochrome P450 3A5 (P20815) (R196),"Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. Endosulfan also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. Endosulfan is also an endocrine disruptor and acts as an agonist at the progesterone receptor and estrogen receptors. (R029, R193, R194, R195, R312)","Endosulfan is absorbed by inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. It accumulates mainly in the liver, kidney, and brain, and is metabolized to polar and nonpolar metabolites by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Endosulfan and its metabolites, which include sulfate, diol, α-hydroxyether, lactone, and ether derivatives of endosulfan, are excreted in the urine and faeces. (R194)","LD50: 18 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) LD50: 34 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R263) LD50: 8 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R263) LD50: 360 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rabbit) (R263) LC50: 80 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (R263)",50 to 500 mg/kg for an adult human. (R310),,"Endosulfan is used as an insecticide, acaricide, and in wood preservatives. (R194)",Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (R260) Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260),"Endosulfan is a neurotoxin and damages the central nervous system, causing effects such as intermittent muscle twitching and myoclonic jerking. Endosulfan can also damage the kidneys, testes, and liver, and may possibly affect the body's ability to fight infection. It is also an endocrine disruptor and causes reproductive and developmental damage. (R029, R193, R194)","Symptoms of endosulfan poisoning include hyperactivity, hyperreflexia, tremors, dizziness, headache, convulsions, lack of coordination, staggering, difficulty breathing, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. (R029, R193, R194)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R311)",P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P54710;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P06401;P03372;Q92731;Q8N1C3;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P78334
69,T3D0068,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-25 19:57:21 UTC,Aroclor 1232,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"","Aroclor 1232 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 32%. It is composed of mono- to heptachlorinated homologs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,11141-16-5,"",,"","","","",,,Aroclor 1232,,,,,"","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,"",Clc1ccc(c(Cl)c1)-c1ccc(Cl)cc1Cl,"","",Clear oil.,"",290–325 °C,1.26 g/cm3,"0.00145 mg/mL at 25 °C [MABEY,WR et al. (1981)]","",152–154 °C,4.06x10-3 mmHg at 25 °C,Oral Inhalation Dermal (R012),Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) Serum albumin (P02768) (R012),"The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are transported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 4470 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardouc waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptoms can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;P20711;Q92731;P07101
70,T3D0069,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:35 UTC,Endrin aldehyde,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride,Endrin aldehyde,"Endrin aldehyde is a chemical produced by the breakdown of endrin. Endrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an insecticide on cotton, maize, and rice. It also acts as an avicide and rodenticide. Due to its toxicity and tendency to bioaccumulate, its use is now banned in most parts of the world. (R190)",,7421-93-4,522524,,"","","",1-AMINO-PROPAN-2-OL,,,Endrin aldehyde,,,,,"InChI=1/C12H8Cl6O/c13-8-5-3(2-19)1-4-6(5)9(14,12(8,17)18)11(16)7(4)10(8,11)15/h2-7H,1H2","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1C(C2C3C1C4C5(C2(C(C3(C45Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C=O,C1C(C2C3C1C4C5(C2(C(C3(C45Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C=O,C12H8Cl6O,377.870630,,"",,,"2.4e-05 mg/mL [SHIU,WY et al. (1990)]",,,,Oral (R190),,"Endrin antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. Endrin also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. Endrin also causes increased lipid peroxidation, decreased membrane fluidity, and DNA damage in hepatocytes, but the exact mechanism is unknown. (R029, R191)","Endrin is absorbed orally and distributed primarily to the fat and skin. The major biotransformation product is anti-l 2-hydroxyendrin and the corresponding sulfate, as well as glucuronide metabolites. Anti- and syn-12-hydroxyendrin and 12-ketoendrin are the main toxic metabolites of endrin. Endrin and its metabolites are excreted in urine and feces. (R191)","LD50: >500 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R191)",,,Endrin is used as a pesticide. (R190),,"Endrin poisoning affects primarily the nerve system. Exposure causes various harmful effects including hyperexcitability, severe central nervous system damage, and death. Endrin is also believed to cause birth defects. (R029, R191)","Symptoms that may result from endrin poisoning are headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. (R191)","Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (R291)",P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
71,T3D0070,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:36 UTC,Benzofluoranthene,Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"1,2-Benzfluoranthrene1,2-Benzofluoranthene1,2-benzfluorantheneBenz(a)aceanthryleneBenzo(a)fluorantheneBenzofluorantheneDibenzo(c,LM)fluorene","Benzofluoranthene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (R028)",,56832-73-6,9146,,"","","","",,,Benzofluoranthene,,,,,InChI=1/C20H12/c1-2-8-15-13(6-1)12-14-7-5-11-17-16-9-3-4-10-18(16)20(15)19(14)17/h1-12H,"",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=C3C=CC=C4C3=C2C5=CC=CC=C54,C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=C3C=CC=C4C3=C2C5=CC=CC=C54,C20H12,252.093900,"","","","","","","","",Oral Inhalation (R028),Serum albumin (P02768) Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) (R060),"The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (R028, R060, R068, R073)","PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (R028)","","",,"PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (R028)","","PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (R028)","Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (R034)
",There is no known antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R028),P35869;Q14749;DNA
72,T3D0071,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:36 UTC,Toluene,Organic Compound;Solvent;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"Antisal 1aBenzene, methylBenzene, methyl-Caswell No. 859DracylMBNMethacideMethane, phenyl-Methyl-benzeneMethylbenzeneMethylbenzene (toluene)MethylbenzolMonomethyl benzeneOctadeuterotoluenePhenyl methanePhenylmethaneRCRA waste no. U220Rcra waste number U220RetinaphthaTOLTolu-solTolueenTolueen [dutch]Tolueen(dutch)ToluenToluen [czech]Toluen(czech)Toluene (technical)Toluene [UN1294] [Flammable liquid]Tolueno [spanish]ToluolToluoloToluolo [italian]Toluolo(italian)toluene (ACD/Name 4.0)",Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree. It is also produced in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and making coke from coal. (R336),,108-88-3,1140,,C01455,"",17578,CPD-616,,D014050,Toluene,1391,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene,"InChI=1/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3",methylbenzene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/3d9c51c2ad3b1ec206f8eed8acaa5ff1_1237940635.mol,CC1=CC=CC=C1,CC1=CC=CC=C1,C7H8,92.062600,Colorless liquid.,-94.9 °C,,,"0.526 mg/mL at 25 °C [SANEMASA,I et al. (1982)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R336)","Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181)
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813)
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (P10632)
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177)
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798)
(R336)","Neurological effects such as central nervous system depression and narcosis is generally thought to involve reversible interactions between toluene and components of nervous system membranes or intercalation of toluene into its lipid bilayer. This may change the activities of enzymes involved in the synthesis and/or degradation of neurotransmitters or alter the binding of neurotransmitters to membrane receptors. Toluene binds to cardiac Na+ channels in the open state and unbinds either when channels move between inactivated states or from an inactivated to a closed state. The use and frequency-dependent block of Na+ by toluene might be responsible, at least in part, for its arrhythmogenic effect. (R201, R336)","Inhalation and ingestion are the primary routes of exposure, though toluene may also be absorbed through the skin. It accumulates rapidly in the brain and is subsequently deposited in other tissues according to their lipid content, with the highest levels attained in adipose tissue. The primary initial
steps in toluene metabolism is side-chain hydroxylation catalyzed predominately by the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2E1, followed by oxidation to benzoic acid. Most of the benzoic acid is then conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acid,
but a small portion can be conjugated with UDP-glucuronate to form the acyl-glucuronide. A very small portion of absorbed toluene can be converted by CYP1A2, CYP2B2, or CYP2E1 to ortho- or para-cresol. These metabolites are excreted in the urine, and the remaining toluene is exhaled unchanged. (R029, R336)","LD50: 5000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 1332 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 1960 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 2250 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (R263) 
LD50: 12,124 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R263) 
LC50: 400 ppm over 24 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (R263)",50 mg/kg for an adult human. (R293),"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","Toluene is used in paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes. Gasoline, which contains 5 to 7 perfect toluene by weight, is the largest source of atmospheric emissions and exposure of the general populace. (R029, R336)","Acute Inhalation: 1 ppm (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.08 ppm (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.8 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.02 mg/kg/day (R260)","Toluene primarily targets the nervous system and severe neurotoxicity is sometimes diagnosed in persons who have abused toluene for a prolonged period. Clinical signs include abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, tremors, nystagmus, and cerebral atrophy as well as impaired hearing vision, and speech. Magnetic resonance imaging has revealed permanent changes in brain structure that corresponds to the degree of brain dysfunction. (R029)","The central nervous system is the primary target organ of toluene and other alkylbenzenes. Manifestations of exposure range from slight dizziness and headache to unconciousness, respiratory depression and death. Other symptoms include tiredness, confusion, weakness, memory loss, nausea, loss of appetite, and hearing and color vision loss. These symptoms usually disappear when exposure is stopped. (R029, R336)",Acute central nervous system effects are rapidly reversible upon cessation of exposure. (R020),Q07699;O60939;Q9NY72;Q8IWT1;Q14524;Q8TCU5;O60391;Q12879;Q13224;Q14957;O15399;Q05586;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;Q15822;P43681;P30532;P36544;P17787;Q9UGM1;P30926
73,T3D0072,2009-03-06 18:58:01 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:36 UTC,2-Hexanone,Organic Compound;Solvent;Ketone,"2-Hexanone2-Hexanone Methyl n-butyl ketoneButyl methyl ketoneHexan-2-oneHexanoneHexanone-2Ketone, butyl methylMBKMNBKMethyl butyl ketoneMethyl n-butyl ketoneN-butyl methyl ketonePropylacetonen-C4H9COCH3","2-Hexanone is an organic compound used in the past in paint and paint thinner, to make other chemical substances, and to dissolve oils and waxes. It is no longer produced or used due to its harmful health effects, but it is a waste product of industrial activities such as wood pulping, coal gasification, and oil shale operations. (R343)
",,591-78-6,11583,,"","","",2K-ADIPATE,,D008742,2-Hexanone,1960,,,,"InChI=1/C6H12O/c1-3-4-5-6(2)7/h3-5H2,1-2H3",hexan-2-one,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,CCCCC(C)=O,CCCCC(C)=O,C6H12O,100.088810,Colorless liquid.,-55.5 °C,,,"17.5 mg/mL at 20 °C [PAPA,AJ & SHERMAN,PDJR (1981)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R343)",,"2-Hexanone's toxicity is believed to be caused by covalent binding of its metabolites, especially 2,5-hexanedione, with axonal components of nerve tissue and inhibition of enzymes associated with the production of energy in this tissue. 2-Hexanone and 2,5-hexanedione may also inhibit sulfhydryl-dependent enzymes such as fructose-6-phosphate kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as well as certain creatine kinases and adenylate kinases, impairing energy metabolism and subsequently resulting in axon deterioration. In addition, 2,5-hexanedione can covalently cross-links neurofilaments, causing large axonal swellings. (R343, R344, R345)","2-Hexanone is absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, then distributed widely throughout the body, with the highest levels in the liver and blood. Metabolism is likely similar to that of other aliphatic ketones, proceeding via reduction to the corresponding secondary alcohol, 2-hexanol. An alternate pathway is oxidation to the corresponding alcohol, 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone, followed by further oxidation to the diketone 2,5-hexanedione. 2-Hexanone and its metabolites are excreted via exhalation or in the urine. (R343)","LD50: 2590 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R261)
LD50: 4800 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R261)
",,,"2-Hexanone was used in the past in paint and paint thinner, to make other chemical substances, and to dissolve oils and waxes. Today it is formed as a waste product resulting from industrial activities such as wood pulping, coal gasification, and oil shale operations. (R343)
",,Breathing 2-hexanone affects the nervous and reproductive systems. This may include pathologies such as peripheral neuropathy and developmental defects. (R343),"Chronic 2-hexanone exposure causes weakness, numbness, tingling in the skin of the hands and feet, irritation to the lungs, and narcosis. (R343)","",Q9UIJ7;P04406;O14556;Q01813;P17858;P08237;P12277;P17540;P06732;P12532;P54819;P00568;P27144;Q9Y6K8;Q9Y3D8;Q96M32
74,T3D0073,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:36 UTC,"2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin",Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"2,3,6,7-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin2,3,7,8-:tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin2,3,7,8-Czterochlorodwubenzo-p-dwuoksyny2,3,7,8-Czterochlorodwubenzo-p-dwuoksyny [Polish]2,3,7,8-Tetra polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro(b,e)dibenzodioxin2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro(b,f)dibenzodioxin2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxan2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-1,4-Dioxin2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorooxanthrene2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxineDibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-Dibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-DioksynyDioksyny [polish]DioxinDioxin (herbicide contaminant)Dioxin mixtureDioxineTCDB dTCDDTcdbdTef transgenics (TCDD)Tetrachlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxinTetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinTetrachlorodibenzodioxinTetradioxin[3H]-TCDDdibenzo-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated","2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is the most toxic of 75 chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (CDD) congeners. CDDs are a class of manufactured chemicals that consist of dioxin skeletel structures with chlorine substituents. They are also persistent organic pollutants (POPs), thus their production is regulated in most areas. Dioxins occur as by-products from the manufacture of organochlorides, the bleaching of paper, chlorination by waste and drinking water treatment plants, municipal solid waste and industrial incinerators, and natural sources such as volcanoes and forest fires. (R346, R347)",,1746-01-6,15625,,C07557,"",28119,"",,D013749,"2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin",1346,,,,InChI=1/C12H4Cl4O2/c13-5-1-9-10(2-6(5)14)18-12-4-8(16)7(15)3-11(12)17-9/h1-4H,"2,3,7,8-tetrachlorooxanthrene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/c7cad842ac57cb7b2e6ef69d25f4eea4_1237940912.mol,C1=C2C(=CC(=C1Cl)Cl)OC3=CC(=C(C=C3O2)Cl)Cl,C1=C2C(=CC(=C1Cl)Cl)OC3=CC(=C(C=C3O2)Cl)Cl,C12H4Cl4O2,319.896540,Colorless solid.,305 °C,,,"2e-07 mg/mL at 25 °C [SHIU,WY et al. (1988)]",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal 
(R346)",,"CDDs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor and subsequently alter the transcription of several genes (oncogenes, growth factors, receptors, hormones, and drug-metabolizing enzymes). The affinity for the Ah receptor depends on the structure of the specific CDD. The change in gene expression may result from the direct interaction of the Ah receptor and its heterodimer-forming partner, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, with gene regulatory elements or the initiation of a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascade that subsequently activates other transcription factors. The change in transcription/translation of these genes is believed to be the cause of most of the toxic effects of CDDs. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin's carcinogenicity is thought to be the result of its ability to alter the capacity of both exogenous and endogenous substances to damage the DNA by inducing CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-dependent drug-metabolizing enzymes. (R346)","CDDs are absorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes of exposure. CDDs are carried in the plasma by serum lipids and lipoproteins, and mainly distributed in the liver and adipose tissue. CDDs are slowly metabolized to polar metabolites by the microsomal monooxygenase system. These metabolites can undergo conjugation with glucuronic acid and glutathione. They may increase the rate of their own metabolism by inducing both phase I and phase II enzymes. The major routes of excretion of CDDs are the bile and the faeces, though smaller amounts are excreted in the urine and via lactation. (R346)","LD50:201 ug/kg (Oral, Rat) (R293) 
LD50: 120 ug/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263) ",,"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264) ","Dioxins occur as by-products from the manufacture of organochlorides, the bleaching of paper, chlorination by waste and drinking water treatment plants, municipal solid waste and industrial incinerators, and natural sources such as volcanoes and forest fires. (R346, R347) ","Acute Oral: 0.0002 ug/kg/day (R260) 
Intermediate Oral: 0.00002 ug/kg/day (R260) 
Chronic Oral: 0.000001 ug/kg/day (R260) ","Exposure to large amounts of CDDs causes chloracne, a severe skin disease with acne-like lesions that occur mainly on the face and upper body. CDDs may also cause liver damage and induce long-term alterations in glucose metabolism and subtle changes in hormonal levels. In addition, studies have shown that CDDs may disrupt the endocrine system and weaken the immune system, as well as cause reproductive damage and birth defects, central and peripheral nervous system pathologies, thyroid disorders, endometriosis, and diabetes. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is also a known as a human carcinogen. (R346, R347)","In addition to chloracne, CDD exposure causes skin rashes, discoloration, and excessive body hair. (R346) ","Treatment of CDD exposure may include washing the area of contact, different methods of gastrointestinal decontamination, administration of intravenous fluids, or forced alkaline diuresis. (R622)",P35869;P02766
75,T3D0074,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-27 18:16:55 UTC,Zinc,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Zinc Compound,"Abrasion ontAnusol Ointment 0.5%Anusol Suppositories 10mgAnuzinc Suppositories 10mgAveeno diaper rash creamBaza protectBio statol (pour hommes)Blue powderC.I. Pigment black 16C.I. Pigment metal 6Canus li'l goat's zinc ointmentChelated Zinc Tab 10mgChelated Zinc Tab 50mgChelazome Zinc Cap 30mgCritic-aid skin pasteDR. scholl's medicated foot powderDelavilleDermagran Ii Moisturiz.Spray-Liq Top 1mg/MlDiaper-careEgozinc Ointment - 0.5%Egozinc Suppositories-10mgEgozinc Tab 220mgEmanay zinc dustFlavo-zinc lozengesFormule P-4 Ont 15%Formule P5 Ont 25%GalzinGerber diaper rash ointmentGranular zincIhle's pasteInfazinc Ont 15%JasadJohnson's diaper rash creamLead refinery vacuum zincLozenges - zinc acetateMega Zinc Tab 100mgMen Formula - Cap 5mgMerrilliteMicro ZNOligostim Zinc - Tab 6dhPascoPate D'ihle Pst 25%Penaten creamPhyto-Zinc Cap 50mgRiva-Sol Ont 0.5%Sandoz anuzincShaklee DR chewable tabletsSudocremSunblock Spf 15Triple Care Cream 10%Viscopaste Pb7 Dressing 10%Woodward's diaper rash creamZNZN(II)Zinaderm Cream 15%Zinc (Citrate) Capsule 50mgZinc (Gluconate) 100mg - TabZinc (Gluconate) 30 Mg TabletsZinc (Gluconate) 50mg TabletsZinc 15mg TabZinc 25mg Hvp Chelate - Tab 25mgZinc 25mg TabZinc 50 MgZinc 50 Mg Citrate - CapletZinc 50 TabletsZinc 50mgZinc Amino Acid Chelate Tab 10mgZinc Amino Acid Chelate Tab 15mgZinc Cap 50mgZinc Caps 30mgZinc Citrate 50mgZinc Citrate Chelate Tab 50mgZinc Citrate Tab 15mgZinc Citrate Tab 50mgZinc Cream 50gm 150mg/GmZinc Gluconate Tab 10mgZinc Gluconate Tab 50mgZinc Gluconate Tablets 50mgZinc Liquid- 15mg/5mlZinc Lozenge 23mgZinc Oligosol Liq 0.47mg/2mlZinc Onguent 20%Zinc Oxide Cream - 15%Zinc Oxide Ont 20%Zinc Srt 50mgZinc Tab 10mgZinc Tab 20mgZinc Tab 25mgZinc Tab 25mg Hvp ChelatedZinc Tab 50mgZinc Tablets 50mgZinc Vallerate Liquid (S#388)Zinc chloride in plastic containerZinc citrateZinc creamZinc dustZinc formulaZinc gluconateZinc gluconate tabZinc ionZinc ointmentZinc ointment BPZinc oral sprayZinc oxide PWRZinc oxide creamZinc powderZinc powder - zinc dust (pyrophoric)Zinc tallyZinc, ashesZinc, powder or dust, non-pyrophoricZinc, powder or dust, pyrophoricZincitrate Cap 30mgZincoderm Ointment - 40%ZincofaxZincofax extra strengthZincum 3x PwrZincum Cyanatum-Injeel Forte Liq (6d,10d,30d,200d/1.1ml)Zincum Gtte 4ch-30chZincum Met 4ch-30chZincum Metallicum Liquid (S#98)-3,6,9,12x.CmZincum Metallicum-Injeel Forte Liq (6d,12d,30d,200d/1.1ml)Zincum Phosphoratum Liquid (S#1110)-6,9x..CmZincum aceticumZincum bromatumZincum carbonicumZincum cyanatumZincum iodatumZincum metallicumZincum muriaticumZincum oxydatumZincum phosphoratumZincum picricumZincum sulfuricumZincum sulphricumZincum sulphuricumZincum valerianicumZipzoc","Zinc is a metallic element with the atomic number 30. In nature, it is principally found as the mineral sphalerite. Though excess zinc is harmful, it is an essential element for life as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes. Zinc has many commercial uses as coatings to prevent rust, in dry cell batteries, and can be mixed with other metals to produce alloys such as brass and bronze. Zinc compounds are widely used in industry to make paint, rubber, dyes, wood preservatives, and ointments. (R112, R113)
",,7440-66-6,23994,,C00038,"103600
110900
113705
121300
125270
137164
138750
150330
163729
165240
180200
184757
188840
190080
191170
191290
194470
300414
300473
314998
600140
600310
600871
600993
601487
601757
601758
602432
602575
602630
603693
604386
604485
606829
607035
607102
607818
608072
608118",30185,ZN%2b2,,D015032,Zinc,6568,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc,InChI=1/Zn,zinc,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/2c2cbc043c430fc4d9606e97ab0b7597_1237941391.mol,[Zn++],[Zn++],[Zn]2+,63.929138,Bluish-white metallic solid.,419.5 °C,"","","","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R113)","Metallothionein-2 (P02795)
Metallothionein-1G (P13640)
Metallothionein-1H (P80294)
Metallothionein-3 (P25713)
Metallothionein-1F (P04733)
Metallothionein-1E (P04732)
Metallothionein-1X (P80297)
Metallothionein-1A (P04731)
Metallothionein-1B (P07438)
Metallothionein-1M (Q8N339)
Metallothionein-4 (P47944)
Metallothionein-1L (Q93083)
Cysteine-rich protein 1 (P50238)
Cysteine-rich protein 2 (P52943)
Cysteine-rich protein 3 (Q6Q6R5)
Serum albumin (P02768)
(R113, R128, R164)","Excessive zinc intake alters copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding in intestinal mucosal cells. Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc, producing zinc chloride, which is a corrosive product damaging the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (R112, R113, R128)","Zinc enters the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP and metallothioneins. Zinc is widely distributed in tissues and tissues fluids, and concentrated in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. Zinc binds to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, and to albumin, α2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. (R113)","LD50: 630 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R351)","",,"Zinc has many commercial uses as coatings to prevent rust, in dry cell batteries, and can be mixed with other metals to produce alloys such as brass and bronze. Zinc compounds are widely used in industry to make paint, rubber, dyes, wood preservatives, and ointments. (R113)","Intermediate Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (R260)","Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of HDL (good) cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damages. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (R113)
","Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (R113)","Zinc poisoning is treated symptomatically, often by administering fluids such as water or milk, or with gastric lavage. (R113)",P00441
76,T3D0075,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:36 UTC,Dimethylarsinic acid,Organic Compound;Arsenic Compound,"Acide cacodyliqueAcide cacodylique (french)Acide cacodylique [french]Acide dimethylarsenique [french]Acide dimethylarsiniqueAcide dimethylarsinique (french)Acide dimethylarsinique [french]Agent blueAlkargenAnsarAnsar 138ArsanArsecodileArsine oxide, dimethylhydroxy-Arsine oxide, hydroxydimethyl-Arsine oxide, hydroxydimethyl- (8CI)Arsine oxide, hydroxydimethyl-, lithium saltArsinic acid, dimethyl-Arsinic acid, dimethyl-, lithium saltBolateBollsBolls-eyeC0125_SIGMACacodylateCacodylic acidCacodylic acid [UN1572] [Poison]Caswell No. 133ChexmateCotton aide HCDMAADilicDimethylarsenic acidDimethylarsinic acidDimethylarsinic acid (9CI)Dimethylarsinic acid [bsi:iso]Dimethylarsinic acid, lithium saltDimethylarsonic acidEraseHydroxydimethylarsine oxideKakodylsaeureKyselina kakodylovaKyselina kakodylova [czech]Lithium cacodylateLithium, [(dimethyloxoarsenio)oxy]-Me2As(=O)OHMoncidePS51_SUPELCOPhytarPhytar 138Phytar 560Phytar 600RCRA waste no. U136Rad-e-cate 25Rad-e-cate 35Rcra waste number U136SalvoSilvisarSilvisar 510Sylvicor[As(CH3)2O(OH)]dimethylarsinic acid (ACD/Name 4.0)rad-e-cat 25",Dimethylarsinic acid is an organic derivative of arsine. It may be formed from the oxidation of gaseous methylated arsines by bacteria and fungi or the transformation of inorganic arsenic compounds. It is also one of the major metabolites of arsenic. (R009),,75-60-5,2513,,C07308,"",48765,DIMETHYLARSINATE,,D002101,Dimethylarsinic acid,516,,,,"InChI=1/C2H7AsO2/c1-3(2,4)5/h1-2H3,(H,4,5)",dimethylarsinic acid,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/acf4626704d00a020399b505aebdb480_1237941495.mol,C[As](C)(O)=O,C[As](C)(O)=O,C2H7AsO2,137.966200,Colorless solid.,195 °C,"","","2000 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]","","","","Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal
(R009)","","Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through different mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase and uncouples the oxidative phosphorylation by competing with phosphate. This leads to inhibition of energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is increased, leading to oxidative stress due to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (R001, R054)",Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. (R009),"LD50: 644 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LD50: 720 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R353)","","1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)",Dimethylarsinic acid is used as an herbicide and pesticide. (R354),"","Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, especially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (R001, R055)","Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of “pins and needles” in hands and feet. Breathing high levels of inorganic arsenic can provoque sore throat or irritated lungs. Arsenic also affects the brain, causing neurological disturbances such as headaches, confusion, and drowsiness. (R002)","Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (R055)",P69905;P68871;P68032;P68133;P62736;P60709;P63261;P63267;P10515;P23025;P03372;P04150;P00390;P00738;Q14145;P09874;A6NKZ8 ;Q99867;Q9H853;P08559;P29803;P11177;O00330;Q16881;Q9NNW7;Q86VQ6;A6NHL2;Q71U36;P68363;Q9BQE3;Q13748;Q6PEY2;P68366;Q9NY65;P07437;Q9H4B7;Q13885;Q9BVA1;P68371;Q13509;P04350;Q9BUF5;Q3ZCM7;A6NNZ2;Q9UJT1;Q9UJT0;P23258;Q9NRH3
77,T3D0076,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:37 UTC,Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,Organic Compound;Plasticizer;Phthalate,"'dioctyl' phthalate1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(ethylhexyl) ester1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis-(1-ethylhexyl) ester1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(ethylhexyl) ester1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis-(1-ethylhexyl) ester2-Ethylhexyl phthalateBEHPBenzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) esterBi(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate esterBis (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (Dioctyl phthalate)Bis(2-ethylhexy) phthalateBis(2-ethylhexyl) 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylateBis(2-ethylhexyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylateBis(2-ethylhexyl) o-phthalateBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-ring-UL-14CBis(2-ethylhexyl)ester phthalic acidBis(ethylhexyl) phthalateBis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP)Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny ftaloveBis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny ftalove (czech)Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]Bis-2-ethyl-hexyl-phthalateBisoflex 81Bisoflex 82Bisoflex dopCaswell No. 392KCelluflex dopCompound 889DEHPDI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE (SEE ALSO CAS 103-23-1)DOFDOPDi(2-Ethylhexyl phthalate)Di(2-ethylhexyl) o-phthalateDi(2-ethylhexyl) orthophthalateDi(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateDi(2-ethylhexyl)orthophthalateDi(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateDi(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)Di(ethylhexyl) phthalateDi-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateDi-2 ethyl hexyl adipateDi-2-ethyl hexyl azelateDi-2-ethylhexyl phthalateDi-2-ethylhexylphthalateDi-iso-octyl phthalateDi-sec-octyl phthalateDiacizer dopDicapryl phthalateDiethylhexyl phthalateDioctyl o-benzenedicarboxylateDioctyl phthalateDioctyl phthalate (van)Dioctyl-o-benzenedicarboxylateDioctylphthalateDof [russian plasticizer]Ergoplas t fdoErgoplast fdoErgoplast fdo-sEtalonEtalon (plasticizer)Ethyl hexyl phthalateEthylhexyl phthalateEviplast 80Eviplast 81FleximelFlexol dopFlexol plasticizer dopGood-rite gp 264Hatcol dopHercoflex 260Jayflex dopKodaflex DPKodaflex dehpKodaflex dopMerrol dopMollan oMonocizer dopMorflex 310Morflex 410N-dioctyl phthalateNuoplaz dopO-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl esterOctoilOctyl PH thalateOctyl phthalateOctyl phthalate (van)Palatinol ahPalatinol dopPhthalic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl ester)Phthalic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl ester)-ring-UL-14CPhthalic acid di(2-ethylhexyl) esterPhthalic acid dioctyl esterPhthalic acid dioctyl ester (van)Phthalic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) esterPhthalic acid, dioctyl esterPittsburgh PX-138Plasthall dopPlasticizer 28PPlatinol ahPlatinol dopPolycizer 162Polycizer dopRC plasticizer dopRCRA waste no. U028Rcra waste number U028Reomol D 79PReomol DCPReomol dopSansocizer R 8000Sansocizer dopSconamoll dopSicol 150Staflex dopTRANSGENIC MODEL EVALUATION (DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE)Truflex dopUnion carbide flexo l 380Union carbide flexol 380Vestinol ahVinicizer 80WLN: 4Y2 & 1OVR BVO1Y4 & 2WLN: 8OVR BVO8Witcizer 312bis (2-Etheylexyl) Phthalatebis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ACD/Name 4.0)bis-(2-ethylhexyl) 1,2-benzenedicar boxylatebis-(2-ethylhexyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate","Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthlate (DEHP) is a manufactured chemical that is commonly added to plastics to make them flexible. DEHP exposure is generally low and not harmful, but increased exposures resulting from intravenous fluids delivered through plastic tubing or ingesting contaminated foods or water may have toxic effects. This is of particular concern since DEHP is known to leach into liquid that come in contact with DEHP containing plastic. (R355, R356)",,117-81-7,8343,,C03690,"",17747,BIS2-ETHYLHEXYLPHTHALATE,,D004051,Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,617,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,"InChI=1/C24H38O4/c1-5-9-13-19(7-3)17-27-23(25)21-15-11-12-16-22(21)24(26)28-18-20(8-4)14-10-6-2/h11-12,15-16,19-20H,5-10,13-14,17-18H2,1-4H3","bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/2d6dacd9a4d0c0c9969912a38266b2c3_1237941604.mol,CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC,CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC,C24H38O4,390.277010,Coloress liquid.,-55 °C,,,"0.00027 mg/mL at 25 °C [DEFOE,DL et al. (1990)]",,,,Oral (R355),,"Monoethylhexylphthalate (MEHP), one of the major metabolites of DEHP, induces peroxisome proliferation by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptors. This is believed to increase production of hydrogen peroxide by peroxisomes and enhance cell proliferation, leading to hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects. MEHP is also believed to exhibit testicular toxicity by targeting and damaging the Sertoli cells. DEHP may act as an antiandrogen during a critical stage of reproductive tract differentiation by reducing testosterone in fetal males, hindering development. (R355, R359)","DEHP is mainly absorbed via ingestion. It is hydrolyzed in the small intestine and absorbed as monoethylhexylphthalate (MEHP) and 2-ethylhexanol, then likely distributed to the adipose tissues and kidneys. MEHP is further metabolized via numerous oxidative reactions, resulting in the formation of 30 or more metabolites, some of which can be conjugated with glucuronic acid for excretion. Oxidation of 2-ethylhexanol primarily yields 2-ethylhexanoic acid and several keto acid derivatives. Most DEHP metabolites are excreted in the urine as glucuronide conjugates, while unmetabolized DEHP is excreted in the faeces. (R355)","LD50: 33.9 g/kg (Oral, Rabbit) (R360)
LD50: 10 g/kg (Dermal, Guinea pig) (R360)
LD50: 30.7 g/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (R360)",,"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","DEHP is present in plastic products such as wall coverings, tablecloths, floor tiles, furniture upholstery, shower curtains, garden hoses, swimming pool liners, rainwear, baby pants, dolls, some toys, shoes, automobile upholstery and tops, packaging film and sheets, sheathing for wire and cable, medical tubing, and blood storage bags. (R355)","Intermediate Oral: 0.1 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.06 mg/kg/day (R260)","Chronic and/or high levels of DEHP exposure may cause reproductive and developmental damage. This includes damaged sperm, delayed sexual maturity, and deficiencies in the development of male babies. DEHP may also cause liver and kidney damage, and is potentially carcinogenic. (R355, R356)",,"",Q07869;Q03181;P37231
78,T3D0077,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-27 18:18:25 UTC,Chromium,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Chromium Compound,"Action o gCHROMIUM, POWDER, 325 MESH, 99.9%CRCR(-)Chelated Chromium 200 McgChelated Chromium 200mcgChelated Chromium Gtf 500mcg TabChelated Chromium Tab 200mcgChromChrom [german]Chromar 500mcgChromatone - Tab 100mcgChromeChrome Zme - Capsule - 200 McgChrome [french]Chromic acid and chromatesChromicum acidumChromide(-I)Chromium 200mcgChromium 200mcg TabletsChromium 400 McgChromium Caps 0.2mgChromium Chelate 500 McgChromium Gtf 200 CapChromium Gtf 200 McgChromium Gtf 200mcgChromium Gtf 500 Mcg TabletChromium Gtf 500mcgChromium Gtf Tab 500mcgChromium Tab 200mcgChromium Tab 250mcgChromium Tab 500mcgChromium anionChromium citrateChromium compoundsChromium kalisulfuricumChromium metalChromium metal [chromium and chromium compounds]Chromium(II) compoundsChromium(III) atomic absorption standard solutionChromium(III) compoundsChromium(vi) atomic absorption standard solutionChromium, elementalChromium, metalChromium, metal and chromium(III) compoundsChromium, metal and insol. saltsCromoGTF chromiumGTF chromium tabletsGtf Chromium Tab 200mcgMega Chrome T V Tab 100mcgMicro CRNubodyNubody chromium amino acid chelateOmnilife d.v.Opti Chromium (Trivalent)Caplet 200mcgQuilon l chromium complex solutionS.s. formulaT-lemonT.R. Chromium 500mcg TabletTJ yellowchromide(1-)","Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It naturally occurs in rocks, animals, plants, and soil, and is usually mined as chromite ore. Chromium is a hard metal and is used mainly for making steel. Chromium is most toxic in its +6 oxidation state (chromium(VI)) due to its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. Trivalent chromium (chromium(III)) however, is biologically necessary for sugar and lipid metabolism in humans. (R045)",,7440-47-3,23976,,C06268,271400,28073,"",,D002857,Chromium,7192,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium,InChI=1/Cr/q+3,chromium,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[Cr+3],[Cr+3],[Cr]3+,51.940510,"",1900 °C,"","","","","","",Oral Inhalation Dermal (R042),Sulfate transporter (P50443) Sulfate anion transporter 1 (Q9H2B4) (R041),"Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (R041, R042, R075, R076, R077)","Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allows it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by different pathways including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted in the urine. (R041, R042)","",1 to 3 grams of hexavalent chromium for an adult human. (R331),"1, carcinogenic to humans (hexavalent) and 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (metallic, trivalent). (R264)","Elemental chromium is used mainly for making steel. Hexavalent chromium is used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving. (R041, R045)","Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (Hexavalent chromium) (R260) 
Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (Hexavalent chromium) (R260)",Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been shown to affect reproduction and development. (R041),"Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (R042)","There is no known antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R042)
",P28482;P27361;Q13547;Q14872;DNA
79,T3D0078,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:37 UTC,Naphthalene,Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"AlbocarbonCamphor tarCaswell No. 587DezodoratorMighty 150Mighty rd1Moth ballsMoth flakesMothballsN3145_SIGMAN7394_SIGMANPYNaftalenNaftalen (polish)Naftalen [polish]Naphtalene [iso:french]Naphtalinum 1ch-30chNaphthalene (molten)Naphthalene [bsi:iso]Naphthalene solutionNaphthalene, crudeNaphthalene, crude or refinedNaphthalene, crude or refined [UN1334] [Flammable solid]Naphthalene, moltenNaphthalene, molten [UN2304] [Flammable solid]Naphthalene, pureNaphthalene-UL-14CNaphthalinNaphthalineNaphthalinumNaphtheneNapthalene, moltenRCRA waste no. U165Rcra waste number U165Tar camphorWhite tarnaphthalene (ACD/Name 4.0)","Naphthalene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (R028)",,91-20-3,931,,C00829,"",16482,ALPHA-NAPHTHALENEACETAMIDE,,C031721,Naphthalene,934,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene,InChI=1/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H,naphthalene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/0d9845edc6ba001c21e5a22e5a4ba3bc_1237941900.mol,C1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1,C1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1,C10H8,128.062600,White crystals.,80.2 °C,"","","0.031 mg/mL at 25 °C [PEARLMAN,RS et al. (1984)]","","","",Oral Inhalation (R028),Serum albumin (P02768) Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) (R060),"PAH's are transported throughout the body after binding blood proteins such as albumin. Binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase induces the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes (especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1). These cytochrome enzymes metabolize PAH's into various toxic intermediates (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations). The reactive metabolites of PAHs covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (R028, R060, R068, R073)","PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; and the quinones can form glutathione conjugates. (R028)","LD50: 490 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R327)
LD50: >20 g/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R327)
LD50: 150 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)
LD50: 969 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (R263)
LD50: 100 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R263)","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (R028)","","PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. Naphthalene also damages and destroys red blood cells, causing hemolytic anemia. (R028, R035)","Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. Some symptoms of hemolytic anemia are fatigue, lack of appetite, restlessness, and pale skin. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in the urine, and a yellow color to the skin. (R034, R035)
",There is no known antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R028),P35869;Q14749;DNA
80,T3D0079,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:37 UTC,"1,1-Dichloroethene",Organic Compound;Organochloride,"1,1-Dichloroethene1,1-Dichloroethene (9CI)1,1-Dichloroethene homopolymer1,1-Dichloroethylene1,1-Dichloroethylene, inhibited1,1-dichloroethylene (vinylidine chloride):vinylidene chlorideAs-dichloroethyleneAsym-dichloroethyleneCH2=CCl2Chlorure de vinylideneChlorure de vinylidene [french]Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-, homopolymerEthylene, 1,1-dichloro-InChI=1/C2H2Cl2/c1-2(3)4/h1HPolyvinylidene chlorideRCRA waste no. U078Rcra waste number U078SconatexVDCVinylidene chlorideVinylidene chloride (II)Vinylidene chloride (inhibited)Vinylidene chloride(II)Vinylidene chloride, inhibitedVinylidene chloride, inhibited [UN1303] [Flammable liquid]Vinylidene chloride, monomerVinylidene dichlorideVinylidine chloride","1,1-Dichloroethene is a manufactured organochloride compound. It is used in the production of certain plastics as a comonomer in the polymerization of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and acrylates. It is also used to make flame retardant coatings for fiber and carpet backings, and in piping, coating for steel pipes, and in adhesive applications. (R362, R363)",,75-35-4,6366,,C14039,"",34031,11-DCE,,C029297,"1,1-Dichloroethene",1470,,,,InChI=1/C2H2Cl2/c1-2(3)4/h1H2,"1,1-dichloroethene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/c686a17fd81e0a17d9050644a561eb60_1237942048.mol,C=C(Cl)Cl,C=C(Cl)Cl,C2H2Cl2,95.953360,,-122.5 °C,,,"2.42 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL et al. (1999)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R362)",Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) (R362),"1,1-Dichloroethene toxicity is caused by its reactive metabolites, which include epoxides, acyl chlorides, and halogenated aldehydes generated via oxidation by cytochrome P-450 2E1. These metabolites, especially 2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde and 2-chloroacetyl chloride, damage the liver by binding to cellular macromolecules. They also form glutathione S conjugates by the action of glutathione S-transferases located in the hepatic cytosol and microsomes. These are delivered to the kidney, where renal processing by beta-lyase and cysteine conjugate S-oxidase lead to nephrotoxic products. The metabolites are also known to damage the bronchiolar Clara cells in the lung. (R362)","1,1-Dichloroethene is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. It is rapidly distributed in the body, mainly to the liver and kidneys. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes metabolize 1,1-dichloroethene into its toxic metabolites, which include epoxides, acyl chlorides, and halogenated aldehydes. The main metabolites are believed to be 2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde and 2-chloroacetyl chloride. These are later detoxified by hydroxylation and conjugation with glutathione. Excretion of 1,1-dichloroethene metabolites occurs primarily in the urine and exhaled air. (R362)","LD50: 200 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263)
LC50: 6350 ppm/4 hr (Inhalation, Rat) (R263)",,"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","1,1-Dichloroethene is used in the production of certain plastics as a comonomer in the polymerization of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and acrylates. It is also used to make flame retardant coatings for fiber and carpet backings, and in piping, coating for steel pipes, and in adhesive applications. (R362, R263)","Intermediate Inhalation: 0.02 ppm (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.009 mg/kg/day (R260)","1,1-Dichloroethene mainly affects the central nervous system. It may lead to sedation, inebriation, convulsions, spasms, and unconsciousness. 1,1-Dichloroethene may also damage the livers, kidneys, and lungs. (R362, R363)","1,1-Dichloroethene mainly affects the central nervous system and may lead to sedation, inebriation, convulsions, spasms, and unconsciousness. It also irritates the respiratory tract, eyes, and skin upon contact. (R362)","Treatment of 1,1-dichloroethene poisoning is mainly symptomatic. It may include respiratory assistance, gastric lavage, and/or the oral administration of activated charcoal. (R364)",P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
81,T3D0080,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:37 UTC,Methylene chloride,Organic Compound;Solvent;Organochloride,"AerotheneAerothene MMBichloride, methyleneCH2Cl2Chloride, methyleneChlorure de methyleneChlorure de methylene (french)DCMDichloride, methyleneDichloromethaneDistillex DS3DriveritFreon 30M-clean dMethane dichlorideMethane, dichloro-MethokloneMethylene bichlorideMethylene dichlorideMetylenu chlorekMetylenu chlorek (polish)NarkotilNevolinRcra waste number U080SalesthinSolaesthinSolmethinedichloromethane (ACD/Name 4.0)",Methylene chloride is a manufactured chemical used as an industrial solvent and as a paint stripper. It may also be found in some aerosol and pesticide products and is used in the manufacture of photographic film. (R366),,75-09-2,6344,,C02271,"",15767,CPD-4521,,D008752,Methylene chloride,885,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene chloride,InChI=1/CH2Cl2/c2-1-3/h1H2,dichloromethane,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/33eb87e4915f3ae2d30a5795ab630eff_1237942200.mol,C(Cl)Cl,C(Cl)Cl,CH2Cl2,83.953360,Colorless liquid.,-95.1 °C,,,"13 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL (1982)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R366)","Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181)
Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711)
(R366)","Methylene chloride targets the lungs, blood system, and nervous system. In the lungs its metabolites damage Clara cells. It is also metabolized into carbon monoxide, which binds to hemoglobin to produce dose-dependent increases in carboxyhemoglobin. This results in the reduced oxygen transport and neurological dysfunction characteristic of carboxyhemoglobinemia (carbon monoxide poisoning). Methylene chloride is also believed to cause neurotoxicity by interfering with signal transmission in a manner similar to general anesthetics. Certain metabolites, such as formaldehyde, may result in carcinogenic effects by causing DNA single strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks, and other mutations. (R029, R366)","Absorption mainly occurs via inhalation, but may also result from oral or dermal exposure. Methylene chloride is mainly distributed to the adipose tissue and liver. It may be metabolized by cytochrome P-450 2E1, which ultimately produces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide via formyl chloride. Methylene chloride can also be metabolized by theta glutathione-S-transferase, which produces carbon dioxide via a postulated glutathione conjugate (S-chloromethyl
glutathione) and formaldehyde. Both pathways produce toxic metabolites which are excreted mainly in expired air, but also in the urine. (R029, R366)","LD50: 437 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)
LD50: 6460 mg/kg  (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (R263)
LD50: 1600 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R353)
LC50: 14400 ppm over 7 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (R263)","357 mg/kg (oral) or 50,000 ppm (inhalation) for an adult human. (R371)","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Methylene chloride is widely used as a solvent in industrial processes, paint stripper, and degreaser. It is also used in food preparation, aerosol propellants, pesticides, and the manufacture of photographic film. (R029, R366)","Acute Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.3 ppm (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.3 ppm (R260)
Acute Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.06 mg/kg/day (R260)","Exposure to methylene chloride may cause optic neuropathy and hepatitis. Very high concentrations can lead to unconciousness, coma, and death. It is metabolized to carbon monoxide, potentially leading to carbon monoxide poisoning. Methylene chloride also causes liver and kidney injury, and may be a carcinogen. (R029, R367)","Breathing large amounts of methylene chloride causes dizziness, nausea, tingling or numbness of the finger and toes, loss of concentration, and reduced hand-eye coordination. Very high concentrations can lead to unconciousness, coma, and death. Skin contact with methylene chloride causes burning and redness of the skin. (R366, R367)","Treatment of methylene chloride exposure is mainly symptomatic. Ingested methylene chloride may be removed by emesis and/or gastric lavage, and activated charcoal. Hyperbaric oxygen may be used to treat the carbon monoxide poisoning that can result from inhalation of methylene chloride. (R368)",P69905;P68871;P02042;P02100;P69891;P69892;Q6B0K9;P09105;P02008;P03372;Q92731
82,T3D0081,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-25 19:58:11 UTC,Aroclor 1240,Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"","Aroclor 1240 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 40%. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. PCBs were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate in the environment and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (R012)",,71328-89-7,"",,"","","","",,,Aroclor 1240,,,,,"","",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,"",Clc1cccc(c1)-c1cc(Cl)cc(Cl)c1,"","",Oily liquids or solids that are colorless to light yellow. ,"","","","","","","",Oral Inhalation Dermal (R012),Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813) Serum albumin (P02768) (R012),"The mechanism of action varies with the specific PCB. Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family. Most of the toxic effects of PCBs are believed to be results of Ah receptor binding. Other PBCs are believed to interfere with calcium channels and/or change brain dopamine levels. PCBs can also cause endocrine disurption by altering the production of thyroid hormones and binding to estrogen receptors, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. They will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin. (R013, R015, R071, R203)","PCBs are absorbed via inhalation, oral, and dermal routes of exposure. They are transported in the blood, often bound to albumin. Due to their lipophilic nature they tend to accumulate in lipid-rich tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skin. Metabolism of PCBs is very slow and varies based on the degree and position of chlorination. PCBs are metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid. The major metabolites are hydroxylated products which are excreted in the bile and faeces. The slow metabolism of PCBs means they tend to accumulate in body tissues. (R012, R014)","LD50: 1010 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R263) 
LD50: 880 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R263)","","2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","PCBs were used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical devices (such as fluorescent lights and refrigerators) produced before 1977. PCBs may contaminate the air and water near hazardous waste sites. In addition, PCBs bioaccumulate in the environment and may be found in fish, meat, and dairy products. (R012)",Intermediate Oral: 0.03 µg/kg/day (R260),"The most common health effects of PCBs are skin conditions such as chloracne and rashes. Chronic PCB exposure has also been shown to cause liver, stomach and kidney, damage, jaundice, edema, anemia, changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. (R012)","Chronic PCB exposure results in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, depression, nervousness, dermal and ocular lesions, fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles and a lowered immune response. (R013)","There are no specific treatments for PCB poisoning, since it is not usually recognized until after substantial chronic exposure. Only preventing further exposure and treating the observed symptons can be done. Acute inhalation can be treated by administering oxygen. (R012)",P35869;P49888;P03372;P11684;P20711;Q92731;P07101
83,T3D0082,2009-03-06 18:58:02 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:38 UTC,"2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene",Organic Compound;Explosive;Reagent;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Nitrite,"&alpha;-TNT-TNT.alpha.-TNT1-Methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene2,4, 6-Trinitrotoluene2,4,6-Trinitrotolueen2,4,6-Trinitrotolueen [Dutch]2,4,6-Trinitrotolueen(DUTCH)2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol [German]2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol(GERMAN)2,4,6-trinitritoluene2-Methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzeneAlpha-TNTAlpha-trinitrotoluolBenzene, 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitro-EntsufonGradetolS-trinitrotolueneS-trinitrotoluolSYM-trinitrotolueneSYM-trinitrotoluolSYN-trinitrotolueneTNLTNTTNT-toliteTNT-tolite [french]TNT-tolite(french)TolitToliteToluene, 2,4,6-trinitro-Toluene, 2,4,6-trinitro- (wet)TrilitTrinitrotoluenTrinitrotoluene, DRYTrinitrotoluene, DRY(dot)Trinitrotoluene, wetTrinitrotoluene, wet (dot)TrinitrotoluolTritolTritol (explosive)TritonTrojnitrotoluenTrojnitrotoluen [polish]Trojnitrotoluen(polish)TrotylTrotyl oilWLN: WNR B1 CNW ENW","Trinitrotoluene (TNT), or more specifically, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)3CH3. This yellow-coloured solid is a reagent (reactant) in chemistry but is best known as a useful explosive material with convenient handling properties. The explosive yield of TNT is considered the standard measure of strength of bombs and other explosives. In chemistry, TNT is used to generate charge transfer salts. (R249)",,118-96-7,8376,,C16391,"",46053,CPD-9138,,D014303,"2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene",6562,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluene,"InChI=1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3","2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/ad39bfc3832f48efbc3ae84b7891aabc_1237942442.mol,CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],C7H5N3O6,227.017830,"Pale yellow, odorless solid. Loose ""needles"" before melt-casting. A solid block after being poured into a casing. (R249)",80.1 °C,240 °C (R250),1.65 g/cm³ (R250),"0.115 mg/mL at 23 °C [PHELAN,JM & BARNETT,JL (2001)]",,,Pa at 20 °C: negligible (R250),"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal 
(R250)",,"2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADPH and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to L-arginine. It binds to the P450 reductase domain of the eNOS and suppresses l-citrulline formation by shunting electrons away from the normal catalytic pathway. The reduction of TNT then produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2.−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The overproduction of superoxide is associated with oxidative stress-mediated induction of cataracts. The inhibition of the eNOS activity occurs in a concentration-dependent manner. (R296, R297)","2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene rapidly and completely enters the body through inhalation or ingestion, but more slowly through the skin. Once 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is in the blood, it travels throughout the body to all of the organs. When it reaches the liver, it breaks down and changes into several different substances, such as 4-aminodinitrotoluene, 2-aminodinitrotoluene and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene. Most of these substances travel in the blood until they reach the kidneys. Almost all of the 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene that enters the body breaks down and leaves the body in the urine within 24 hours. (R251)",,,"3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is an explosive used in military shells, bombs, and grenades, in industrial uses, and in underwater blasting. Exposure may results from drinking contaminated water that has migrated from chemical waste disposal sites, breathing contaminated air, eating contaminated foods such as fruits and vegetables, and/or eating contaminated soil. (R251)",Intermediate Oral: 0.0005 mg/kg/day (R260),"Exposition to high concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in air can lead to several harmful health effects, including anemia and abnormal liver function. Similar blood and liver effects, as well as spleen enlargement and other harmful effects on the immune system, have been observed in animals that ate or breathed 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Other effects in humans include skin irritation after prolonged skin contact, and cataract development after long-term (365 days or longer) exposure. It is not known whether 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene can cause birth defects in humans. However, male animals treated with high doses of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene have developed serious reproductive system effects. Moreover, the EPA has determined that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is a possible human carcinogen. (R251)","Exposure to  2,4,6-trinitrotoluene causes headache, blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, cough, sore throat, laboured breathing, vomiting, abdominal cramps, unconsciousness. Dermal exposure may cause pain and redness at the exposed surface and yellowish staining of the skin. (R250)","In some cases, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and emetics have been suggested as useful in reducing absorption of the general class of nitro compounds to which 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene belongs. (R251)",P29474
85,T3D0084,2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:38 UTC,Hydrazine,Organic Compound;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Hydrazine,"AmerzineCatalyzed hydrazineDiamideDiamineDiazaneH2NNH2HDZHydrazinHydrazine (anhydrous)Hydrazine (hydrazine sulfate)Hydrazine baseHydrazine solutionHydrazine sulfateHydrazine, anhydrousHydrazine/hydrazine sulfateHydrazinesHydrazynaHydrazyna [polish]LevoxineNitrogen hydrideOxytreat 35RCRA waste no. U133Rcra waste number U133Scav-ox IIUltra pureZerox","Hydrazine is a colourless liquid chemical compound with an ammonia-like odor and is derived from the same industrial chemistry processes that manufacture ammonia. However, hydrazine has physical properties that are more similar to those of water. Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable, and is usually handled as aqueous solution for safety reasons. Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but significant applications also include its uses as a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags. Approximately 260,000 tons are manufactured annually. (R298)",,302-01-2,9321,,C05361,"",15571,4-HYDROXYMETHYLPHENYLHYDRAZINE,,C029424,Hydrazine,713,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazine,InChI=1/H4N2/c1-2/h1-2H2,hydrazine,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/76938da3e33a70803205ea15d9d62a84_1237942592.mol,NN,NN,H4N2,32.037450,Colorless liquid.,2 °C,,,"1000 mg/mL [AMOORE,JE & HAUTALA,E (1983)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R299)",,"At least two mechanisms of action have been observed. One involves the direct binding of those hydrazines with a free amino group (hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine) to key cellular molecules. Hydrazine reacts with alpha-keto acids such as vitamin B6 to form hydrazoines compounds. By binding to keto acids and forming hydrazones, hydrazine inhibits oxygen consumption with mitochondrial substrates in vitro. A second mechanism involves the generation of reactive species such as free radical intermediates or methyldiazonium ions as a result of metabolism. (R300)","Hydrazines are likely to be more rapidly absorbed into the blood after ingestion or exposure to the skin than after inhalation. Once in the blood, they are probably carried to all the tissues of the body. Soon after exposure, the levels of hydrazines in the tissues fall since they are metabolised in several products such as acetyl-, diacetylhydrazine, pyruvate hydrazone, urea, and acyclic compound (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxo-3-pyridazine carboxylic acid). However, these metabolites interacts with some important proteins and might be harmful to the body. Some studies showed that metabolites and unchanged hydrazine leave the body within one day. 
Small amounts can also be found in the expired air. (R300, R301)",,"LD50: 60 mg/kg (Oral, Rat)
LD50: 91 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit)
LC50: 570ppm/4h (Inhalation, Rat) 
(R302)","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but significant applications also include its uses as a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags. Exposure may occur from breathing contaminated air in or near a facility that makes, processes, or uses hydrazines, eating fish contaminated with hydrazines, drinking or swimming in water that has been contaminated with hydrazines, or touching soil contaminated with hydrazines, such as near some military bases or hazardous waste sites. Breathing cigarette smoke indirectly or using tobacco products may expose to small amounts of hydrazine or 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. (R300) ",Intermediate Inhalation: 0.004 ppm (R260),"Breathing hydrazines for short periods may cause coughing and irritation of the throat and lungs, convulsions, tremors, or seizures. Breathing hydrazines for long periods may cause liver and kidney damage, as well as serious effects on reproductive organs. Eating or drinking small amounts of hydrazines may cause nausea, vomiting, uncontrolled shaking, inflammation of the nerves, drowsiness, or coma. (R300)","Hydrazine may cause corrosive burning sensations, confusion, convulsions, abdominal cramps, headache, unconsciousness, vomiting, weakness, shortness of breath, or sore throat and cough, depending on the route of exposure. (R299)","Induced emesis, gastric lavage, use of saline cathartics, or activated charcoal are commonly used to decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of hydrazines. In general, these treatments are most effective when used within a few hours after oral exposure. Following dermal or ocular exposures to hydrazines, all contaminated clothing should be removed, and contacted skin should be washed immediately with soap and water. Eyes that have come in contact with hydrazines should be flushed with copious amounts of water. Contact lenses should be removed prior to flushing with water. (R300)",""
86,T3D0085,2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:38 UTC,"1,2-Dichloroethane",Organic Compound;Solvent;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Organochloride,"&alpha;,&beta;-dichloroethane.alpha.,.beta.-dichloroethane1,2-Bichloroethane1,2-Dichloorethaan1,2-Dichloorethaan [Dutch]1,2-Dichlor-aethan1,2-Dichlor-aethan [German]1,2-Dichloraethan1,2-Dichlorethane1,2-Dichloroethane1,2-Dicloroetano1,2-Dicloroetano [Italian]1,2-Ethylene dichloride1,2-Ethylidene dichloride1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride)12-DICHLOROETHANE2-DichloroethaneAethylenchloridAethylenchlorid [german]AethylendichloridAlpha, beta-dichloroethaneAlpha,beta-dichloroethaneBichlorure d'ethyleneBichlorure d'ethylene [french]Borer solBrocideCH2ClCH2ClCaswell No. 440Chlorure d'ethyleneChlorure d'ethylene [french]Cloruro di etheneCloruro di ethene [italian]DCEDestruxol borer- solDestruxol borer-solDi-chlor-mulsionDichlor-mulsionDichloremulsionDichloro-1,2-ethaneDichloro-1,2-ethane [French]DichloroethaneDichloroethane, 1,2-DichloroethyleneDichlorure d'ethylene [iso-french]Dutch liquidDutch oilEDCEdc (halocarbon)Ethane dichlorideEthane, 1,2-dichloro-EthyleendichlorideEthyleendichloride [dutch]Ethylene chlorideEthylene dichloride [UN1184] [Flammable liquid]Ethylene dichloride [bsi:iso]Freon 150Glycol dichlorideHSDB 65InChI=1/C2H4Cl2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2HRCRA waste no. U077RY Dichloro-1,2-ethaneRcra waste number U077S-dichloroethaneSYM-dichloroethaneethylene dichloride, 14C-labeledethylene dichloride, 14C2-labeledethylene dichloride, 36Cl-labeledethylene dichloride, 38Cl-labeledethylene dichloride, ion (1+)","1,2-Dichloroethane is a clear, manufactured liquid that is not found naturally in the environment. It evaporates quickly at room temperature and has a pleasant smell and a sweet taste. 1,2-Dichloroethane burns with a smoky flame. It is most common used to make vinyl chloride, which is used to make a variety of plastic and vinyl products. (R303)",,107-06-2,11,,C06752,"",27789,CPD-681,,C024565,"1,2-Dichloroethane",443,,,,InChI=1/C2H4Cl2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H2,"1,2-dichloroethane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/18ac57d467f05168df8122a693672393_1237942753.mol,C(CCl)Cl,C(CCl)Cl,C2H4Cl2,97.969010,Colorless liquid.,-35.5 °C,,,"8.6 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL et al. (1999)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R304)",Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) Glutathione S-transferase P (P09211) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (P09488) Glutathione S-transferase A1 (P08263) Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (P30712) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 (Q03013) Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (P30711) Glutathione S-transferase A4 (O15217) Glutathione S-transferase A2 (P09210) Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (P21266) Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (P78417) Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 (Q9Y2Q3) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (P28161) Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5) Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2) Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439) Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A8MPT4) Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (O43708) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (P10620) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (Q99735) Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 (O14880) (R303),"1,2-Dichloroethane is metabolized to 2-chloroacetaldehyde, S-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione by conjugation with glutathione, and to other putative reactive intermediates capable of binding covalently to cellular macromolecules in the liver, kidney, and other tissues. The conjugation of 1,2-dichloroethane with glutathione is catalyzed primarily by glutathione S-transferases. 1,2-Dichloroethane appears to be activated to mutagenic species to a lesser extent by the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. Reactive metabolites of 1,2-dichloroethane produced by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 can bind to cellular proteins and DNA. It has been suggested that 1,2-dichloroethane-induced toxicity occurs when the biotransformation processes are saturated, thereby allowing higher levels of 1,2-dichloroethane to circulate throughout the body and conjugate with glutathione instead of being detoxified and eliminated. (R303, R305)","Due to its physical properties such as its lipophilicity, 1,2-dichloroethane is likely to be absorbed across the alveolar membranes of the lung, mucosal membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin by passive diffusion. Once in the body, it is widely distributed, with the greatest amounts accumulating in the more lipophilic tissues. The primary route of biotransformation involves conjugation with glutathione to yield nonvolatile urinary metabolites. The other route, a cytocrome P-450-mediated oxidation is responsible for the formation of chloroacetaldehyde. Metabolic saturation appears to occur sooner after oral (gavage) administration than after inhalation exposure. Following inhalation or oral exposure, elimination of 1,2-dichloroethane occurs primarily via excretion of soluble metabolites in the urine and excretion of unchanged parent compound and carbon dioxide in the expired air. (R303)",,"LD50: 680 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R303)
LD50: 489-413 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R303)","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","The most common use of 1,2-dichloroethane is in the production of vinyl chloride which is used to make a variety of plastic and vinyl products including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automobile parts. It is also used as a solvent and is added to leaded gasoline to remove lead. Exposure occurs mainly by breathing air or drinking water contaminated with 1,2-dichloroethane. Humans can be exposed to low levels of 1,2-dichloroethane through the skin or air by contact with old products made with 1,2-dichloroethane. (R303)","Chronic Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (R260)","Breathing or swallowing large amounts of 1,2-dichloroethane can produce nervous system disorders, kidney diseases, or lung effects. This can also lead to heart failure. Skin lesions and benign pulmonary tumors were reported in animals exposed dermally to liquid 1,2-dichloroethane. 1,2-dichloroethane can cause death from cardiac arrhythmia, bronchitis, hemorrhagic gastritis and colitis, hepatocellular damage, renal tubular necrosis and calcification, central nervous system depression, and histological changes in brain tissue after a sufficient single oral dose. (R303)","1,2-Dichloroethane exposure causes abdominal pain, coughing, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, sore throat, diarrhea, unconsciousness, and vomiting, depending on the contact surface and the intensity. Redness of the eyes or skin occurs upon contact. (R304)","Blood gases should be monitored, a good ventilation maintained, and cardiac arrhythmias observed for a minimum of 24 hours. In the event of a ventricular arrhythmia, lidocaine or beta-blockers could be administered. Serum creatinine, hepatic aminotransferase, electrolytes, and fluid balance for signs of hepatic or renal failure should be monitored. Dialysis may be helpful in the event of renal failure. Hepatic failure may be treated with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, low protein diet, neomycin, and lactulose. (R303)",P07237;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
87,T3D0086,2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:38 UTC,"2,4,6-Trichlorophenol",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1,3,5-Trichloro-2-hydroxybenzene1,3,5-Trichlorophenol2, 4,6-Trichlorfenol (CZECH)2,4,6-:trichlorophenol2,4,6-Trichlorfenol2,4,6-Trichlorfenol [Czech]2,4,6-Trichloro-2-hydroxybenzene2,4,6-Trichlorophenol2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP)2,4,6-trichlorophenol (ACD/Name 4.0)2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 14C-labeled2,4,6-trichlorophenol, Zn salt2,4,6-trichlorophenol, copper(+1) salt2,4,6-trichlorophenol, copper(+2) salt2,4,6-trichlorophenol, nickel(+2) salt2,4,6-trichlorophenol, potassium salt2,4,6-trichlorophenol, sodium saltDowcide 2SDowicide 2SOMALPS10_SUPELCOPhenachlorPhenaclorPhenol, 2,4, 6-trichloro-RCRA waste no. U231Rcra waste number U231TCPTrichloro-2-hydroxybenzeneTrichloro-2-hydroxybenzene, 2,4,6-TrichlorophenolTrichlorophenol, 2,4,6-WLN: QR bg DG FG","2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (or 2,4,6-TCP) is a chlorinated phenol that has been used as a fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, antiseptic, defoliant, and glue preservative. It is a yellow solid with a strong, sweet odour. It decomposes on heating to produce toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and chlorine. The technical grade of this substance may contain polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and other contaminants. It is an environmental pollutant that has been found in fresh water lakes such as the Great Lakes. (R306)",,88-06-2,6914,,C07098,"",28755,CPD-10489,,C024564,"2,4,6-Trichlorophenol",1417,,,,"InChI=1/C6H3Cl3O/c7-3-1-4(8)6(10)5(9)2-3/h1-2,10H","2,4,6-trichlorophenol",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/f8c1ae21a1863975af8ee10e8fb7b6a7_1237942872.mol,C1=C(C=C(C(=C1Cl)O)Cl)Cl,C1=C(C=C(C(=C1Cl)O)Cl)Cl,C6H3Cl3O,195.924950,"Yellow solid with a strong, sweet odour.",69 °C,246 °C,1.675,"0.8 mg/mL at 25 °C [NEELY,WB (1984)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R307)",,"It has been suggested that 2,4,6-TCP would interfer with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and inhibit cytochrome P-450-dependent mixes-function oxidases. 2,4,6-TCP has been identified to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in humans. It also disturbs liver microsomal detoxication functions by a selective inhibition of the terminal oxygenation enzyme P-450. (R307, R309, R318)","Human studies indicate that sulfation and glucuronidation are the main metabolic pathways of 2,4,6-TCP, which is excreted in the urine as conjugated metabolites. In general, 2,4,6-TCP undergoes biotic isomerization to other trichlorophenol isomers and conjugation with glucuronic acid. Glucuronic acid accounts for approximately 80% of the conjugates detected in urine. Metabolites generated following incubation of 2,4,6-TCP are 2,6-dichloro-1,4-hydroquinone and two isomers of hydroxypentachlorodiphenyl ether. The 2,6-dichloro-1,4-semiquinone free radical was also identified. (R307)",,,"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","2,4,6-Trichlorophenol has been used as a fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, antiseptic, defoliant, and glue preservative. Skin contact while treating wood with the tetrachlorophenols is the most likely route of exposure. Exposure may also occur from drinking water that has been disinfected with chlorine and breathing air contaminated by 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. (R307)","Acute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (Rat) (R307) 
Intermediate oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (Rat) (R307)","Exposure through the skin can lead to acne and mild injury of the liver. Major effects after ingestion of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol affect the liver and the immune system. Toxic manifestations include central nervous system depression followed by increased respiration, hyperthermia, a blood pressure rise, progressive euromuscular weakness, and cyanosis. (R307)","Inhalation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol may cause coughing and sore throat. Eye or skin contact causes redness and pain at the site of contact. Convulsions, diarrhoea, dizziness, deadache, shortness of breath, vomiting, weakness, and ataxia may occur after ingestion. (R308)","",P22303;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
88,T3D0087,2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:38 UTC,"2,4-Dinitrophenol",Organic Compound;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Nitrite,"&alpha;-dinitrophenol.alpha.-dinitrophenol1'alpha-2,4-Dinitrophenol1-Hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene2, 4-Dinitrofenol(DUTCH)2,4 Dinitrophenol2,4-Dinitrofenol2,4-Dinitrofenol [Dutch]2,4-Dinitrophenol-UL-14C2,4-bis(hydroxy(oxido)amino)phenol (ACD/Name 4.0)AldifenAlpha-dinitrophenolCamello mosquito coilsCaswell No. 392Chemox peCobra salts (impregna salts)DNFDNPDinitraDinitrofenoloDinitrofenolo [italian]Dinitrofenolo(italian)DinitrophenolDinitrophenolsDinofanFenoxylFenoxyl carbon nMaroxol-50NINNitro kleenupNitrophenNitrophen (van)NitropheneNitrophene (van)Osmoplastic-rOsmotox-plusPhenol, &alpha;-dinitro-Phenol, .alpha.-dinitro-Phenol, 2,4-dinitro-Phenol, alpha-dinitro-RCRA waste no. P048Rcra waste number P048Shirakiku brand mosquito coilsSolfo Black 2B SupraSolfo black BBSolfo black SBSolfo black bSolfo black gTertrosulfur PBRTertrosulfur black PBTertrosulphur PBRTertrosulphur black PBWLN: WNR bq enwnchembio.125-comp2nchembio.147-comp19","2,4-Dinitrophenol, also called DNP is a yellow solid with no known smell. It dissolves slightly in water. DNP present in water and soil as a pollutant does not easily evaporate to air. It uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by carrying protons across the mitochondrial membrane, leading to a rapid consumption of energy without generation of ATP. 2,4-DNP was used in the 1930s as a weightreduction drug, but this was discontinued in 1938 because of the many reports of adverse effects in people who used it. (R326, R328)",,51-28-5,1493,,C02496,"",918,CPD-8179,,D019297,"2,4-Dinitrophenol",532,,,"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Dinitrophenol","InChI=1/C6H4N2O5/c9-6-2-1-4(7(10)11)3-5(6)8(12)13/h1-3,9H","2,4-dinitrophenol",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/2efe377bd787f6b75cd0291f0542b73b_1237942947.mol,C1=CC(=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])O,C1=CC(=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])O,C6H4N2O5,184.012020,"Yellow, crystalline solid.",115.5 °C,,,"2.79 mg/mL at 20 °C [SCHWARZENBACH,RP et al.(1988)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R329)",,"Acute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning (from ingestion) involves uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, which presumably reduces body's reservoirs of high-energy phosphate. This stimulates oxidative metabolism and, in turn, the heat production of the body. Oxygen consumption, body temperature, respiration and heart rate are all increased. 2,4-Dinitrophenol has been suggested to bind serum proteins such as transthyretin. In fact it was proposed as a therapeutic agent for the prevention/inhibition of amyloid diseases through stabilization of the native fold of transthyretin. (R286, R348, R349)","2,4-DNP can readily enter the body through inhalation and ingestion. It can probably be absorbed through the skin also. Animal studies show that after 2,4-DNP enters the body, the blood can carry it to organs and tissues such as the liver, the kidneys, and the eyes. DNP does not build up in organs and tissues, but it is metabolized via reduction of the nitro groups or broken down to other chemicals. The parent compound and metabolites such as 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 4-amino-2-nitrophenol and diaminophenol are excreted in the urine. 2,4-DNP is also excreted by mammals, partially unchanged, partially conjugated with glucuronic acid and probably as 2,4-diamenolphenol. (R326, R330)",,"LD50: 14-43 mg/kg (Oral, Human) (R337)",,"2,4-Dinitrophenol has been used to make dyes, other organic chemicals, and wood preservatives. It has also been used to make photographic developer, explosives, and pesticides. 2,4-Dinitrophenol exposure may occur from breathing contaminated air, drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated food, or by contact with contaminated soil. (R326, R328)",Acute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (R326),"2,4-DNP can cause cataracts following ingestion of a small dose for short or long periods. This condition could lead to blindness in both eyes. Breathing in, swallowing, or having skin contact with large amounts of DNP can lead to death.(R326)","Dermal contact may results in redness, roughness, yellow staining of the skin. Nausea, vomiting, palpitations, collapse, sweating occur after inhalation or ingestion. (R329)","There is no specific antidote for 2,4-DNP poisoning. Symptomatic treatment includes replacing oxygen and fluids, controlling  temperature by administering sponge baths and ice packs, and using a fan to promote air flow and evaporation. In fully conscious patients, administer cold, sugar-containing liquids by mouth as tolerated. In cases of skin contact, bathe and shampoo contaminated skin and hair promptly. (R352)",P02766
89,T3D0088,2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:39 UTC,Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether,Organic Compound;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Organochloride,"&beta;, &beta;'-dichloroethyl ether&beta;,&beta;'-dichlorodiethyl ether&beta;,&beta;'-dichloroethyl ether&beta;,&beta;-dichlorodiethyl ether.beta.,.beta.'-dichlorodiethyl ether.beta.,.beta.'-dichloroethyl ether1, {1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]}1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane1-Chloro-2-(&beta;-chloroethoxy)ethane1-Chloro-2-(.beta.-chloroethoxy)ethane1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane (ACD/Name 4.0)2, 2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether(GERMAN)2, 2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether2, 2'-Dicloroetiletere(ITALIAN)2,2'-Dichloorethylether2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]2,2'-Dichloorethylether(DUTCH)2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether2,2'-Dicloroetiletere2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]2,2'-dichlorodiethylether2-Chloroethyl etherBCEEBeta ,beta'-dichlorodiethyl etherBeta,beta'-dichlorodiethyl etherBeta,beta-dichlorodiethyl etherBeta-chloroethyl etherBis(&beta;-chloroethyl) etherBis(.beta.-chloroethyl) etherBis(2-chloroethyl) etherBis(2-chloroethyl)etherBis(beta-chloroethyl) etherBis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxideBis(chloroethyl) etherBis(chloroethyl)etherBis(chloroethyl)ether (bcee)Bis-2-chloroethyletherCaswell No. 309ChlorexChloroethyl etherClorexDCEEDi(&beta;-chloroethyl) etherDi(.beta.-chloroethyl) etherDi(2-chloroethyl) etherDi(beta-chloroethyl)etherDi(chloroethyl) oxideDichlorodiethyl etherDichloroetherDichloroethyl etherDichloroethyl oxideDicholoroethyl etherDiethylene glycol dichlorideDwuchlorodwuetylowy eterDwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [polish]Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter(polish)Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis*2-chloro-Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-Ethane, {1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-}Ether dichloreEther dichlore [french]Ether dichlore(french)Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)Ether, bis(chloroethyl)KhloreksOxybis(2-chloroethane)Oxyde de chlorethyleOxyde de chlorethyle [french]Oxyde de chlorethyle(french)RCRA waste no. U025Rcra waste number U025S-dichloroethyl etherSYM-dichloroethyl etherWLN: G2O2Gbis(2-chloroethyl) ether (ACD/Name 4.0)","Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (BCEE) is a colorless non-flammable liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor. It does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals. Limited amounts of BCEE dissolve in water and also slowly evaporate into air. In the environment, BCEE is broken down by bacteria in soil and water and by chemical reactions in the air, so it does not tend to persist for long periods. (R357)",,111-44-4,8115,,C14688,"","",GAL-GLCNAC-GAL-GLC,,C006767,Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether,169,,,,InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2,1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/acfd2f849e5acf567051183470d5dbdd_1237943123.mol,C(CCl)OCCCl,C(CCl)OCCCl,C4H8Cl2O,141.995220,Colorless liquid.,-51.9 °C,,,"17.2 mg/mL at 20 °C [VEITH,GD et al. (1980)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal (R358)",,"BCEE is extremely meabolized, with thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) being the principal endproduct. The pathway leading to TDGA formation is uncertain, but probably involves oxidative cleavage of the ether bond to yield chloroacetaldehyde and 2-chloroethanol. (R357)","BCEE is absorbed following inhalation exposure, oral administration, as well as contact to the skin. BCEE is distributed through the body, but highest levels are found in the liver, kidney and small intestine, while much lower levels are found in lung, spleen and muscle. BCEE is extensively metabolized to thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA), 2-chloroethoxyacetic acid (CEAA), and N-acetyl-S-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl]-L-cysteine, with TDGA being the principal endproduct. Smaller amounts of BCEE are metabolized by oxidation or substitution at a chlorine without ether cleavage. Approximately 80% of BCEE administered orally is excreted as TDGA within 48 hours. Smaller amounts are excreted in feces or expired air and only a very small fraction of the dose remains in the body. This indicates that BCEE is effectively excreted, and that it has a low tendency to accumulate in tissues. (R357, R361)",,,,"Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether is used in pesticides. It is also used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals. Exposure occurs from consumption of drinking water that contains BCEE, breathing BCEE vapors, and dermal contact. (R357)",Intermediate Inhalation: 0.02 ppm (R260),"The principal acute effect of inhalation exposure to BCEE vapor is irritation and injury to the cells of the respiratory epithelium. BCEE vapors can cause loss of weight, nose irritation, severe injury to the lungs, and may lead to death. It might also cause cancer. (R357)","Symptoms of BCEE exposure include coughing, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, burning sensation, redness of the exposed surface, laboured breathing, and abdominal pain, depending on the route of exposure. Symptoms may be delayed. (R358)","",P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
90,T3D0089,2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC,2009-08-27 18:21:51 UTC,Thiocyanate,Organic Compound;Cyanide Compound,Ammonium rhodanateAmmonium rhodanideAmmonium sulfocyanateEDOHS-c#nHSCNHydrogen thiocyanateN#c-SHNitridosulfanidocarbonRhodanidRhodanideSCNSilver thiocyanate agscnThallium thiocyanateThiocyanate ionThiocyanic acidThiocyanidWeedazol TL[CN(sh)][c(n)(SH)],"Thiocyanates are a group of compounds formed from a combination of sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen. Thiocyanates are found in various foods and plants and are produced primarily from the reaction of free cyanide with sulfur. This reaction occurs in the environment (for example, in industrial waste streams that contain cyanide) and in the human body after cyanide ingestion. Thiocyanates are present in water primarily because of discharges from coal processing, extraction of gold and silver, and mining industries. Thiocyanate is the major product formed from cyanide that passes into the body as the body attempts to rid itself of cyanide. (R370)",,01762-95-4,781,,C01755,"",18022,HSCN,,,Thiocyanate,,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiocyanate,InChI=1/CHNS/c2-1-3/h3H,thiocyanic acid,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/6652c299ef4de004c17a2181ad4aae03_1237943210.mol,[S-]C#N,[S-]C#N,CNS,57.975140,,"",,,"",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R370)","Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Q16762) 
Sodium/iodide cotransporter (Q92911) 
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (P13569) 
(R370, R390,R410,R412)","Thiocyanate (sulphocyanate or SCN) is believed to be a goitrogenic compound. It is a competitive inhibitor of the human thyroid sodium/iodide symporter NIS. Thus, the adverse effects of thiocyanate overload are especially noticeable when iodine availability is low. Intake of goitrogenic substances causes an adaptive increase in T3’s binding to brain nuclear receptors and in the activity of type II 5'-deiodinase, which generates T3 from T4. This altered function and availability of T3 is detrimental to the developing brain. Thiocyanate is also known to modulate activity of mammalian peroxidases. For instance, eosinophil peroxidase has been implicated in promoting oxidative tissue damage in a variety of inflammatory conditions, including asthma. Thiocyanate also acts as inhibitor to carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the rapid conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. (R389, R410, R417)","Thiocyanates can appear in the body after metabolization of cyanides by rhodanese. When thiocyanates enter the body, they normally breaks down in aqueous solution to yield sulfate ions. However, thiocyanates are also found in the thyroid fluids. Immediately following exposure to thiocyanate containing solutions, the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator Cl– channel exhibits high unitary SCN– conductance and anomalous mole fraction behaviour. Thiocyanates is normally excreted in urine. (R390, R409, R410, R412)",,"Guanidine Thiocyanate: LD50: 375 mg/kg (Oral, Rat), LD50: 2000 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R423)
Potassium Thiocyanate: LD50: 854 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R424) 
Amonium Thiocyanate: LD50: 750 mg/kg (Oral, Rat), LD50: 500 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R425)",,"Exposure occurs from breathing air and drinking water, touching soil or water containing thiocyanate, or eating foods that contain thiocyanate. Thiocyanates are present in water primarily because of discharges from coal processing, extraction of gold and silver, and mining industries. Thiocyanate is the major product formed from cyanide that passes into the body as the body attempts to rid itself of cyanide, thus exposure to cyanide also results in exposure to thiocyanate. (R370)",,"Thiocyanates are known to affect the thyroid glands, reducing the ability of the gland to produce hormones that are necessary for the normal function of the body. Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma and death. (R370)","Symptoms of thiocyanate exposure include rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, followed by convulsions (seizures) and loss of consciousness. (R370)","In cases of thiocyanate exposure, get fresh air and medical attention. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting but give large quantities of water. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes in case of exposure to skin or the eyes. (R422)",P22079;P05164;P11678;Q92911;P00918;P22748;P07451;P00915
91,T3D0090,2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC,2009-08-26 15:10:22 UTC,Asbestos,Inorganic Compound;Mineral,"AetznatronAmianthusAsbest [german]AsbestosAsbestos (friable)Asbestos dustAsbestos fiberAsbestos fibersAsbestos fibreAsbestos, all formsAsbestose [german]AscariteCalidria HPPCalidria R-G 244Carey 4TCaswell No. 061Caswell No. 773Caustic sodaCaustic soda solutionCaustic soda, liquidChlorobestos 25Collo-grillreinCollo-tapettaFerodo C3CFibrous gruneriteFuers rohrHpo (mineral)Hydroxide, sodiumHydroxyde de sodium [french]Lewis-red devil lyeLiquid-plumrMTMMan-made mineral fibresMountain corkMountain leatherMountain woodNatrium causticumNatrium-hydroxid, reinstesNatriumhydroxid [german]Natriumhydroxyde [dutch]P 5-50 (mineral)PlungRohrputzRohrreiniger rofixSM 1 (mineral)SM 2 (mineral)Sepiolex 3Sepiolex 5Soda lyeSoda, causticSoda, hydrateSoda, kaustischeSodio(idrossido di) [italian]Sodium hydrateSodium hydrate solutionSodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide (Na2(OH)2)Sodium hydroxide (na(oh))Sodium hydroxide [usan]Sodium hydroxide dimerSodium hydroxide solutionSodium hydroxide, solid [UN1823] [Corrosive]Sodium hydroxide, solution [UN1824] [Corrosive]Sodium(hydroxyde de) [french]UN 1823 (solid)UN 1824 (solution)White causticWhite caustic solution","Asbestos is the name given to a group of six different fibrous minerals (amosite, chrysotile, crocidolite, and the fibrous varieties of tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite) that occur naturally in the environment. One of these, namely chrysotile, belongs to the serpentine family of minerals, while all of the others belong to the amphibole family. All forms of asbestos are hazardous, and all can cause cancer, but amphibole forms of asbestos are considered to be somewhat more hazardous to health than chrysotile. Asbestos minerals consist of thin, separable fibers that have a parallel arrangement. Nonfibrous forms of tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite also are found naturally. Abestos is toxic and inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious illnesses, including malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. (R426, R427)",,1332-21-4,14798,,C16442,"",46661,"",,D001194,Asbestos,6369,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos,InChI=1/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1,sodium hydroxide,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[OH-].[Na+],O.[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-],HNaO,39.992510,"Long, thin, fibrous crystals.","",,,"",,,,"Inhalation 
Injection 
(R427)",,"When asbestos fibers are inhaled, many are deposited on the epithelial surface of the respiratory tree. Fibers that are retained in the lung or mesothelium for long periods of time are capable of producing chronic inflammation and fibrotic and tumorigenic effects. These effects may be mediated by direct interactions between the fiber and key cellular macromolecules, or they may be mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species and other cellular factors originating from alveolar macrophages. In addition, the physical-chemical nature of the fiber appears to be an important determinant of toxicity. It is generally agreed that exposure to amphibole fibers can produce mesothelioma, and that the potency of amphibole fibers to produce mesothelioma is greater than that of chrysotile. Asbestos fibers can adsorb to a variety of cellular macromolecules (e.g., proteins,membrane lipids, RNA, DNA). The coulombic forces between the asbestos fiber and some of these macromolecules may induce conformational changes, and these changes could affect protein function and chromosomal fidelity. Chrysotile fibers were found to bind to cytochrome P-450, thereby decreasing mono-oxygenase activity. Chrysotile and crocidolite fibers were also found to bind to artificial lipid membranes in vitro, thereby increasing membrane rigidity. Fibers found to be translocated near the nucleus can interact with the cytoskeleton and interfere with chromosome segregation. (R427)","Asbestos fibers are not metabolized in the normal sense of the word, and amphibole fibers that are retained in the lung do not appear to undergo any major changes. However, chrysotile fibers appear to undergo some type of breakdown or alteration in the lung. Some of the fibers will be deposited in the air passages and on the lung cells. Most fibers are removed from the lungs by being carried away or coughed up in a layer of mucus to the throat, where they are swallowed into the stomach. Fibers that are deposited in the deepest parts of the lung are removed more slowly. In fact, some fibers may move through the lungs and can remain in place for many years and may never be removed from the body. Longer fibers that are retained in the lung may undergo a number of processes including translocation, dissolution, fragmentation, splitting, or protein encapsulation. Long fibers that reside in the lung can become encapsulated in protein, forming what is often referred to as an ""asbestos body"". In response to asbestos fibers, alveolar macrophages produce reactive oxygen species in an attempt to digest the fiber. The reactive oxygen species include hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical anion (O2-). Fibers that have been swallowed (those present in water, or those moved to the throat from the lungs) almost all pass along the intestines within a few days and are excreted in the feces. (R427)",,,"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R434)","Asbestos are used in building materials (roofing shingles, ceiling and floor tiles, paper products, and asbestos cement products), friction products (automobile clutch, brake, and transmission parts), heat-resistant fabrics, packaging, gaskets, and coatings. Some vermiculite or talc products may contain asbestos. Exposure most likely by breathing air containing asbestos fibers or by drinking asbestos fibers that are present in water. (R427)","","Infected people develop a slow buildup of scar-like tissue in the lungs and in the membrane that surrounds the lungs, so breathing becomes difficult. Blood flow to the lung may also be decreased, and this causes the heart to enlarge. This disease is called asbestosis. Infected people have increased chances of getting two principal types of cancer: cancer of the lung tissue itself and mesothelioma, a cancer of the thin membrane that surrounds the lung and other internal organs. The cellular immune system of the patient can be depressed. Also, deletions of chromosome segments have been noted in human mesothelioma cells or cell lines. (R427)","Symptoms of asbestos exposure include shortness of breath, often accompanied by a cough. (R427)","In vitro studies have shown that the effects of asbestos can be diminished by compounds that reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species, such as free radical scavengers (ascorbic acid, bemitil, mannitol, salicylate, 5,5'-dimetyl-l-proline N-oxide, rutin, vitamin E, vitamin A) and enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of reactive oxygen species (catalase, superoxide dismutase). Patients should quit smoking, perform bronchial drainage and can use chest physical therapy techniques to further aid in removing secretions. Shortness of breath is treated with bronchodilators, inhaled or oral medications that open up the bronchial tubes and allow the passage of air. In more severe asbestosis cases, supplemental oxygen may be required. Productive cough is treated with humidifiers and chest percussion. Asbestosis can be treated, but not cured. (R427, R438)",DNA
92,T3D0091,2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC,2009-08-27 18:23:46 UTC,Chlorine,Inorganic Compound;Vapour;Solvent;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Disinfectant;Halogen,BertholiteBertholite /warfare gas/CLCaswell No. 179ChloorChloor [dutch]ChlorChlor [german]ChloreChlore [french]ChlorideChloride ionChlorinated waterChlorinated water (chlorine)Chlorine [UN1017] [Poison gas]Chlorine gasChlorine molChlorine mol.CholinumCloroCloro [italian]Diatomic chlorineDichlorineHygeol 1% LiquidMolecular chlorine,"Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is abundant in nature as the chloride ion, which is part of common salt and other compounds necessary to most forms of life. Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor. It is stored and transported as a liquid under pressure. When chlorine is released into the environment, it reacts with both organic and inorganic substances that it comes into contact with. When chlorine gas is released into water, such as during water chlorination, it quickly dissolves in the water and then disproportionates within seconds to form chloride and hypochlorous acid. Chlorine may be released into the environment from facilities where it is produced or used, or during accidents, such as a chlorine tank rupture or a liquid chlorine spill. (R461, R462)",,7782-50-5,24526,,C00115,"103600
106195
109270
109280
111000
111300
118425
118930
121011
123885
125950
126650
131399
137163
137165
137192
138491
139392
141850
141900
145260
145500
160800
160900
166600
167050
171050
171060
173393
179800
181750
182307
186854
188070
192320
214700
218000
219700
223900
229100
230000
236200
241200
244400
248250
250900
255700
259700
261600
263800
264350
270420
277180
300008
300009
300138
300398
300554
302910
305990
308990
310468
560000
600041
600170
600228
600229
600232
600233
600359
600421
600436
600570
600580
600637
600760
600761
600791
600839
600840
600968
600997
601199
601271
601330
601678
601690
601844
601881
602023
602024
602056
602158
602359
602421
602522
602668
602722
602726
602727
602872
602958
602974
603080
603339
603353
603475
603506
603743
603831
603855
603906
604003
604045
604119
604159
604309
604337
604433
604471
604708
604878
604879
604943
604996
605125
605208
605232
605377
605646
605784
606038
606205
606410
606412
606465
606516
606520
606533
606536
606672
606680
606718
606726
606757
606845
606904
606983
607096
607239
607293
607335
607364
607582
607589
607591
607628
607631
607682
607854
608041
608390
608479
608480
608481
608855
608893
608919
609448
609914
610130
610291
610791
611316
611490
611492",29310,CPD-4521,,D002713,Chlorine,275,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine,InChI=1/ClH/h1H/p-1,chlorine,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/98bdcbb3a16d3bbb29db1387aa162b84_1237943607.mol,[Cl-],[Cl-],[Cl]-,34.968849,Green/yellow gas.,-101 °C,,,"6.3 mg/mL at 25 °C [AMOORE,JE & HAUTALA,E (1983)]",,,,"Inhalation
Dermal 
(R463)",,"Chlorine is a strong oxidizer that hydrolyzes in water forming hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. In this form, it apparently can penetrate the cell and form N-chloro-derivatives that can damage cellular integrity. Chlorine reacts with water in the epithelial lining of the upper respiratory airways. The mechanism of toxicity of aqueous chlorine or a hypochlorous acid/sodium hypochlorite is basically the same as that for chlorine gas. However, hypochlorous acid is a stronger oxidant than chlorine gas as reflected by its higher redox potential. Damage to the upper gastrointestinal tract, as may occur following ingestion of sodium hypochlorite bleach, is likely the result of oxidation reactions of hypochlorous acid with a range of biological molecules. (R464)","Hypochlorous acid reacts with proteins, amino acids, and unsaturated lipids to form chlorinated compounds, whereas the reaction with carbohydrates yields oxidation products. Metabolisation of chlorine results in the production of N-chloramines, tentatively identified as N-chloroalanine, N-chloroglycine, and N-chlorophenylalanine. (R461)",,,"4, probably not carcinogenic to humans. (R461)","Exposure usually results from inhalating contaminated air, ingesting chlorine bleach or directly contacting the skin with aqueous chlorine. (R461)","Acute Inhalation: 0.07 ppm (Chlorine gas) (R461) 
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.02 ppm (Chlorine gas) (R461) 
Chronic Inhalation: 0.00005 ppm (Chlorine gas) (R461)","The principal targets of exposure to chlorine gas are the respiratory airways and the eyes. Exposure to chlorine gas can lead to mild irritation of the nose, eye irritation and headache and throat irritation. Pulmonary edema and hypoxia can follow and further increase capillary permeability. Further complications can lead to pneumonia and even death. The principal targets of exposure to aqueous chlorine are the upper gastrointestinal tract and the skin. Ingestion of chlorine can lead to esophageal and gastric mucosal erosions, perforations at the gastroesophageal junction, and extensive necrosis of adjacent soft tissue. (R461)","If inhaled, chlorine can trigger cough, substernal pain, respiratory distress, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Symptoms may be delayed. Nausea and vomiting are reflex in origin, and headache and loss of consciousness are probably due to the hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema. Dermal contact can lead to redness, pain, and redness of the exposed surface. Eye contact can lead to watering of the eyes. (R461, R463)","In case of inhalation, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. examine mucous membranes, eyes and skin to be certain that corrosive effects have not occurred. In case of acute lung injury, maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. In can of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. In case of dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. (R464)",""
93,T3D0092,2009-03-06 18:58:04 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:39 UTC,Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine,Organic Compound;Explosive;Amine;Nitrite,"1,3, 5-Triazine, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3, 5-Trinitrohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine1,3,5-Triaza-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexane1,3,5-Triazacyclohexane 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3, 5-triazacyclohexane1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane1,3,5-Trinitrohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine1,3,5-Trinitrohexahydro-s-triazine1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3, 5-triazine1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine1,3,5-trinitrohexahydro-p-triazineCyclonitCycloniteCyclonite (cyclotrimethylene trinitramine)CyclotrimethylenenitramineCyclotrimethylenetrinitramineCyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)CyklonitCyklonit [czech]Esaidro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinaEsaidro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazina [Italian]Esaidro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazina(ITALIAN)GeksogenHeksogenHeksogen [polish]Heksogen(polish)Hexahydro-1,3, 5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazineHexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinHexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazin [German]Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazin(GERMAN)Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazineHexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazineHexogeenHexogeen [dutch]Hexogeen(dutch)HexogenHexogen (explosive)Hexogen 5WHexoliteHexolite, dry or wetted with < 15% water, by massNuvan 100 ECPBX (af) 108PBX(AF) 108PBXW 108(E)Perhydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazineRDXSYM-trimethylene trinitramineSYM-trimethylenetrinitramineT4 (VAN)TrimethyleentrinitramineTrimethyleentrinitramine [dutch]Trimethyleentrinitramine(dutch)TrimethylenetrinitramineTrinitrocyclotrimethylene triamineTrinitrohexahydrotriazineTrinitrotrimethylenetriamineWLN: T6N CN ENTJ ANW CNW ENWhexahydro-1,3 ,5-trinitro-1,3 5-triazines-Triazine, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-","Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine is a chemical compound also called RDX, which stands for Royal Demolition Explosive. It is also known as cyclonite or hexogen. The chemical name for RDX is 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and it is a very explosive white powder that creates fumes when it is burned with other substances. As such, it is used as an explosive and it is also used in combination with other ingredients in explosives. RDX is a synthetic product that does not occur naturally in the environment. (R478)",,121-82-4,8490,,"","",24556,CPD-9356,,C009160,Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine,3621,,,,InChI=1/C3H6N6O6/c10-7(11)4-1-5(8(12)13)3-6(2-4)9(14)15/h1-3H2,"1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1N(CN(CN1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],C1N(CN(CN1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],C3H6N6O6,222.034880,White powder.,205.5 °C,,,"0.0597 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal 
(R478)",,"RDX can get into the lungs after breathing in the fumes of burning RDX or breathing in the dust from powdered RDX. It can also enter the body after ingestion of contaminated water. It may also pass through the skin into the bloodstream or enter through cuts or breaks in the skin. It also blocks electron transport. (R029, R478)","There are no studies available regarding RDX metabolites in humans following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. Some studies reported that 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal, and nitrite ions are produced through biotransformation of RDX by cytochrome P450. The limited toxicological data show that RDX is absorbed through the gastrointestinal system, lungs, and skin, and is distributed to the cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, urine, and feces. RDX will leaves the body in the breath and urine within a few days. (R478,R489)",,,,"RDX is used as an explosive and is also used in combination with other ingredients in explosives. Exposure may occur by breathing dust containing RDX, contact with the skin, or drinking contaminated water. (R478)","Acute Oral: 0.06 mg/kg/day (Rat) (R478)
Intermediate Oral: 0.03 mg/kg/day (Rat) (R478)","RDX can cause seizures. Inhalation exposure to RDX can lead to gastrointestinal, hematological, hepatic, and renal effects. (R478)","Symptoms of RDX exposure include epileptiform seizures, insomnia, restlessness, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and irritability. Temporary postconvulsive amnesia, malaise, fatigue, and asthenia can follow the seizures. (R491)","Following oral exposure, symptomatic patients should be given adequate respiratory support during seizures. Monitor liver and renal function tests and urinalysis in patients with significant exposure. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (R492)",""
94,T3D0093,2009-03-06 18:58:04 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:39 UTC,Hexachlorobenzene,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorobenzene1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorobenzene (ACD/Name 4.0)AmatinAnticarieBunt-cureBunt-no-moreCaswell No. 477Ceku c.bCeku c.b.Co-op hexaEsaclorobenzeneEsaclorobenzene [italian]GranoxGranox NMHCBHexa CBHexa c.bHexa c.b.HexachlorbenzolHexachlorbenzol [german]Hexachlorbenzol(german)HexachlorobenzeneHexachlorobenzene [UN2729] [Poison]Hexachlorobenzene [bsi:iso]HexcachlorbenzenJulen's carbon chlorideJulian's carbon chlorideJulin's carbon chlorideJulin's chlorideNo Bunt 40No Bunt 80No buntNo bunt liquidPS690_SUPELCOPentachlorophenyl chloridePerchlorobenzenePhenyl perchlorylRCRA waste no. U127Rcra waste number U127S anocideSaatbeizfungizidSaatbeizfungizid [german]SanocidSanocideSmut-goSnieciotoxVoronit cWLN: GR bg CG dg eg FG","Hexachlorobenzene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon previously used as a pesticide to protect the seeds of onions and sorghum, wheat, and other grains against fungus. It has since been banned due to its nature as a persistent organic pollutant. It was also used to make fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubber. (R435)",,118-74-1,8370,,C11042,"",5692,CPD-1125,,D006581,Hexachlorobenzene,691,,,,InChI=1/C6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9,"1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorobenzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/2da1f18043eb9df855e4ce61f8dc163b_1237943941.mol,C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl,C6Cl6,281.813120,"",231.8 °C,"","","6.2e-06 mg/mL at 25 °C [FARMER,WJ et al. (1976)]","","","","Oral
Inhalation
Dermal 
(R435)",Cytochrome P450 3A4 (P08684) (R435),"Hexachlorobenzene causes porphyria by modifying sulfhydryl groups in the catalytic or substrate-binding sites of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. This inhibits uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, resulting in a deficiency of the decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III and accumulation of uroporphyrins in the liver. In addition, metabolism of hexachlorobenzene by the cytochrome P-450 enzymes is believed to produce reactive electrophilic metabolites that covalently bind to cellular proteins and DNA, causing irreversible damage. Exposure to hexochlorobenzene also causes macrophages to be attracted to organs such as the spleen, lungs, and skin, where they become activated by the hexochlorobenzene. This leads to a cascade of reactions involving innate immune cells. The gene expression profiles provide evidence for the importance of macrophages and granulocytes and mediators released by these cells in the adverse inflammatory response against hexochlorobenzene. In this way, co-stimulatory or danger signals are generated that could polyclonally activate T cells. Hexachlorobenzene is a weak agonist for aryl hydrocarbon receptor and may exhibit some of its toxic effects by activating the gene-regulatory properties of this protein, possibly inducing cytochome P-450 enzymes. It may also act at certain endocrine receptors. (R044, R435, R437, R439, R440)","Hexachlorobenzene is mainly absorbed via ingestion, but also through inhalation and oral routes. It preferentially distributes to adipose tissue and other organs with high fat content. In animals, hexachlorobenzene is slowly metabolized to pentachlorophenol by the hepatic cytochrome P-450 system, conjugated with glutathione to yield pentachlorothiophenol, or reductively dechlorinated to form pentachlorobenzene. Other metabolites include less chlorinated benzenes, chlorophenols, S-conjugated phenols, and benzenes. Hexachlorobenzene is slowly metabolized in mammals, and the majority of hexachlorobenzene is excreted unchanged in the feces, while metabolites are excreted in the urine. (R435)","LD50: 3500 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R029)","","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Hexachlorobenzene was previously used as a pesticide to protect the seeds of onions and sorghum, wheat, and other grains against fungus. It was also used to make fireworks, ammunition, and synthetic rubber. As it can persist in the environment for long periods of time, today exposure occurs mainly from contact with contaminated water, food, soil, or air. (R435)","Acute Oral: 0.008 mg/kg/day (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.0001 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.00005 mg/kg/day (R260)","Chronic exposure to hexachlorobenzene can damage the liver, thyroid, nervous system, bones, kidneys, blood, and immune and endocrine systems. It also causes a syndrome, called black sore, that is characterized by dermal blistering and epidermolysis, pigmentation and scarring, alopecia, photosensitivity, hepatomegaly, porphyria, suppurative arthritis, osteomyelitis, and osteoporosis of the bones of the hands. It may also cause a liver disease called porphyria cutanea tarda. This disease can cause red-colored urine, skin sores, change in skin color, arthritis, and problems of the liver, nervous system, and stomach. Hexachlorobenzene also affects development and results in lower survival rates of children of exposed mothers. It is also believed to be a human carcinogen. (R029, R435)","Hexachlorobenzene causes a syndrome, called black sore, that is characterized by dermal blistering and epidermolysis, pigmentation and scarring, alopecia, photosensitivity, hepatomegaly, porphyria, suppurative arthritis, osteomyelitis, and osteoporosis of the bones of the hands. It may also cause a liver disease called porphyria cutanea tarda. This disease can cause red-colored urine, skin sores, change in skin color, arthritis, and problems of the liver, nervous system, and stomach. (R435)","Treatment is mainly symptomatic and may include gastric lavage, administering activated charcoal, and controlling convulsions. (R436)",P06132;P35869;P62508;P10275;DNA;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
95,T3D0094,2009-03-06 18:58:04 UTC,2009-08-06 21:37:31 UTC,"2,4-Dinitrotoluene",Organic Compound;Explosive;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Plasticizer;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Nitrite,"1-Methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene2, 4-Dinitrotoluene2,4-Dinitro-1-methylbenzene2,4-Dinitromethylbenzene2,4-Dinitrotoluene2,4-Dinitrotoluene (containing 0.5% 2,6-dinitrotoluene)2,4-Dinitrotoluene (containing 1.0-1.5% 2,6-dinitrotoluene)2,4-Dinitrotoluene, practical grade2,4-Dinitrotoluol4-Methyl-1,3-dinitrobenzeneBenzene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitro-, sulfurizedBenzene, methyldinitro-CHEBI:920D.n.tDNTDinitrotolueneDinitrotoluene, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, technical grade (2,4 (77%)- and 2,6 (19%)-)DinitrotoluolRCRA waste no. U105Rcra waste number U105Toluene, 2, 4-dinitro-Toluene, 2,4-dinitro-WLN: WNR B1 ENWnchembio882-comp9","2,4-Dinitrotoluene is the most common of the six dinitrotoluene isomers. Dinitrotoluene (DNT) or Dinitro is an explosive with the formula C6H3(CH3)(NO2)2. At room temperature it is a pale yellow to orange crystalline solid. It is a high explosive and one of the precursors for trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is synthesized through three separate nitrations of toluene. The first product is mononitrotoluene, DNT is the second, and TNT is the third and final product. (R501)",,121-14-2,8461,,C11006,"",920,CPD-1125,,C016403,"2,4-Dinitrotoluene",539,,,,"InChI=1/C7H6N2O4/c1-5-2-3-6(8(10)11)4-7(5)9(12)13/h2-4H,1H3","1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/4692c683511255e306345df8da6d580e_1237944051.mol,CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],C7H6N2O4,182.032760,Yellow to orange crystals.,71 °C,,,"0.2 mg/mL at 25 °C [PHELAN,JM & BARNETT,JL (2001)]",,,,"Exposure to skin, eyes, inhalation, or ingestion (R502).","O-acetyltransferase (Q8WZ77)
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (P47989)
(R511, R353)","2,4-DNT may cause conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin via oxidation of iron(II) to iron(III) by its metabolites. High levels of methemoglobin are removed by catabolism, leading to the development of anemia. Some metabolites of 2,4-DNT are also transported back from the bile to the liver, where the amine group is N-hydroxylated by cytochrome P-450 to form an unstable sulfate conjugate. The sulfate conjugate is degraded into carbonium or nitrenium ions. These ions covalently bind to hepatic macromolecules (DNA, RNA), leading to mutations and subsequently liver tumors. They also bind to DNA of the lung and the intestine. (R511, R517, R518, R526)","2,4-Dinitrotoluene can be inhalated as fumes or dust, ingested, or absorbed after contact with the skin. Bioactivation of 2,4-DNT is thought to occur by the following processes: The methyl group is oxidized to an alcohol by a cytochrome P-450 dependent pathway; the benzyl alcohol is conjugated with glucuronic acid and excreted in the bile. Intestinal microflora hydrolyzes the glucuronide and reduces one nitro group, forming an aminonitrobenzyl alcohol which can be readsorbed from the intestine. The amino group is oxidized to an hydroxylamine by hepatic enzymes and conjugated with sulfate, by sulfotransferase. Decomposition of the sulfate ester yields a highly electrophilic nitrenium (or carbonium) ion which can react with DNA and other biological nucleophiles. The major metabolite found in human urine is 2,4-dinitrobenzyl alcohol or its glucuronide conjugate. Other urinary metabolites include 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-(N-acetyl)amino-2nitrobenzoic acid, and 2-amino-4-nitrobenzoic acid. The latter two are clearly the product of both oxidative and reductive metabolism. Metabolism is also believed to involve O-acetyltransferase (which transfers the acetyl group of 2,4-DNT) and cytosolic xanthine oxidase (which reduces 2,4-DNT). Small traces of unmetabolized 2,4-DNT can be observed in the urine too. (R511, R512, R515, R516, R534, R535)",,"LD50:268 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R522)
LD50: 790 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R522)
LD50: 1300 mg/kg (Oral, Guinea pig) (R522)","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","It is a high explosive and one of the precursors for trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is synthesized through three separate nitrations of toluene. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene can affect the body if it is inhaled, comes in contact with the eyes or skin, is swallowed, or is absorbed through the skin. Even a small amount absorbed from clothes or shoes may cause toxic symptoms. It is assumed that oral ingestion could be a secondary route for occupationally exposed humans. (R501, R502)","Acute Oral: 0.05 mg/kg/day (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (R260)","2,4-Dinitrotoluene poisoning may cause methemoglobinemia, anemia, leukopenia, and liver necrosis. Liver injury may be more common than cyanosis. (R521)","Symptoms of 2,4-dinitrotoluene poisoning include blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, vertigo, fatigue, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, arthralgia, insomnia, tremor, paralysis, unconsciousness, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitation, anorexia, and loss of weight. (R504, R505)","Following oral exposure, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mL) of water or milk (not to exceed 4 ounces/120 mL in a child). Administer charcoal as a slurry. Gastric lavage and oxygen administration is recommended. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Following eyes exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water, and administer a benzodiazepine IV in case of irritation. In all those cases, a physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (R624)",DNA;RNA;P69905;P68871;P02042;P02100;P69891;P69892;Q6B0K9;P09105;P02008
97,T3D0096,2009-03-06 18:58:04 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:40 UTC,Ethion,Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organophosphate,"Bis(s-(diethoxyphosphinothioyl)mercapto)methaneBladanCaswell No. 427DiethionEmbathionEthanoxEthiolEthiol 100Ethion [ansi:bsi:iso]Ethion mixtureEthodanEthopazEthyl methylene phosphorodithioateEthyl methylene phosphorodithioate ([(EtO)2P(S)S]2CH2)Fosfatox eFosfono 50HylemaxHylemoxItopazKWITMethyleen-s,s'-bis(o,o-diethyl-dithiofosfaat)Methyleen-s,s'-bis(o,o-diethyl-dithiofosfaat) [dutch]Methylene-s,s'-bis(o,o-diaethyl-dithiophosphat)Methylene-s,s'-bis(o,o-diaethyl-dithiophosphat) [german]Niagara 1240NialateO,o,o',o'-tetraaethyl-bis(dithiophosphat)O,o,o',o'-tetraaethyl-bis(dithiophosphat) [german]O,o,o',o'-tetraethyl s,s'-methanediyl bis(dithiophosphate)O,o,o',o'-tetraethyl s,s'-methylene bis(dithiophosphate)O,o,o',o'-tetraethyl s,s'-methylene bisphosphorodithioateO,o,o',o'-tetraethyl s,s'-methylene di(phosphorodithioate)O,o,o',o'-tetraethyl s,s'-methylenebis(phosphorodithioate)O,o,o',o'-tetraethyl s,s'-methylenebisphosphordithioateO,o,o',o'-tetraethyl-s,s'-methylene di(phosphorodithioate)O,o,o',o'-tetraethyl-s,s'-methylenebisphosphorodithioateO,o,o,o-tetraethyl s,s'-methylenebis(dithiophosphate)PS92_SUPELCOPhosphotox eRP-thionRhodiacideRhodocideRodocidRodocideS,s'-methylen-bis(o,o-diaethyl-dithiophosphat)S,s'-methylen-bis(o,o-diaethyl-dithiophosphat) [german]S,s'-methylene bis(o,o-diethyl phosphorodithioate)S,s'-methylene o,o,o',o'-tetraethyl di(phosphorodithioate)S,s'-methylene o,o,o',o'-tetraethyl phosphorodithioateSoprathionTetraethyl s,s'-methylene bis(phosphorothiolothionate)Trecator-SCVegfru fosmiteVegfru-fosmite","Ethion is an organophosphate pesticide. It does not occur naturally in the environment. Ethion is used in agriculture, mainly to control insects on citrus trees, but also on cotton, fruit and nut trees, and some vegetables. It may also be used on lawns and turf grasses, but it is not used in the home for pest control. Ethion affects the nervous systems by inhibiting acetylcholineserases. (S687)",,563-12-2,3286,,"","",38663,ALPHA-METHYLMETHIONINE,,C100038,Ethion,6440,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethion,"InChI=1/C9H22O4P2S4/c1-5-10-14(16,11-6-2)18-9-19-15(17,12-7-3)13-8-4/h5-9H2,1-4H3",diethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethylsulfanyl-diethoxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCSP(=S)(OCC)OCC,CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCSP(=S)(OCC)OCC,C9H22O4P2S4,383.987620,Pure ethion is a clear to yellowish liquid with an unpleasant sulfur-like smell.,-13 °C,165 °C at 0.3 mm Hg,1.220 at 20 °C,"0.002 mg/mL at 25 °C [SHIU,WY et al.(1990)]",,,,Oral. Inhalation. Dermal. (S687),,"Ethion is converted, in the liver, into its active form ethion monoxon. Ethion monoxon is a potent inhibitor of cholinesterases and exerts toxicity by reacting with and inhibiting neural acetylcholinesterase. (S687)","Ethion is a small, lipid-soluble molecule that can be absorbed by passive diffusion through the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or skin. Ethion is desulfurated by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver to its active form, ethion monoxon. Ethion and its oxon form can be detoxified by the action of esterases in the blood and liver, producing diethyl phosphate, diethyl thiophosphate, diethyl dithiophosphate, and other metabolites that have not been characterized. (S687)",,,,"Ethion enters the air, water, and soil during its manufacture and use. It is not known if ethion levels can build up in plants or fish. Chemical plant workers, transport workers, and pesticide applicators are the major occupational groups that might be exposed to ethion. The general population may be exposed to very small amounts of ethion by eating or drinking. People living near hazardous waste sites containing ethion or near its manufacturing, processing, or storage facilities could potentially be exposed. (S687)",,Ethion affects the nervous system. (S687),"Exposure to high levels of ethion can cause nausea, sweating, diarrhea, loss of bladder control, blurring or dimness of vision, muscle tremors, and labored breathing. Severe poisoning may result in coma, inability to breathe, and death. (S687)","",""
98,T3D0097,2009-03-06 18:58:04 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:40 UTC,"1,1,1-Trichloroethane",Organic Compound;Solvent;Organochloride,"&alpha;-t&alpha;-trichloroethane'chlorothene'.alpha.-t.alpha.-trichloroethane1,1, 1-Trichloraethan (GERMAN)1,1, 1-Tricloroetano (ITALIAN)1,1,1 Trichloroethane1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (METHYL CHLOROFORM)1,1,1-Trichloorethaan1,1,1-Trichloorethaan (DUTCH)1,1,1-Trichloraethan1,1,1-Trichloraethan [German]1,1,1-Trichlorethane1,1,1-Trichloroethane1,1,1-Trichloroethane [UN2831] [Poison]1,1,1-Trichloroethane, technical grade1,1,1-Trichloroethane-surfactants-butane-propane1,1,1-Tricloroetano1,1,1-Tricloroetano [Italian]1,1,1-trichloroethane (ACD/Name 4.0)1,1-TrichloroethaneAerothene TTAlpha-tAlpha-trichloroethaneBaltanaCH3CCl3Caswell No. 875ChloroeteneChloroetheneChloroethene nuChloroform, methyl-ChloroteneChlorothane nuChlorotheneChlorothene SMChlorothene VGChlorothene nuChlorothene, inhibitedChlortenCleaniteCut aidDabco CS90Delf fabric protectorDistillex DS1Dowclene LSEthanaEthana nuGenklene LBHALOGENATED ETHANES CS (1,1, 1-TRICHLOROETHANE)Ici-cf 2InChI=1/C2H3Cl3/c1-2(3,4)5/h1HInhibisolMS-170 1,1,1 trichloroethane solventMethyl chloroformMethylchloroformMethyltrichloromethaneRCRA waste no. U226Rcra waste number U226Solvent 111SolvethaneStrobaneTCEATafcleanThree one aThree one sTri-ethaneTrichloro-1,1, 1-ethane (FRENCH)Trichloro-1,1,1-ethaneTrichloro-1,1,1-ethane [French]TrichloroethaneTrichloroethane (van)Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-TrichloromethylmethaneWLN: GXGG1","The chemical compound 1,1,1-trichloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon that was until recently widely used as an industrial solvent. It does not occur naturally in the environment. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a colorless liquid with a sweet, sharp odor, which dissolves slightly in water. The liquid evaporates quickly and becomes a vapor. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane was often used as a solvent to dissolve other substances, such as glues and paints. In industry, it was widely used to remove oil or grease from manufactured parts. In the home, it is used to be an ingredient of products such as spot cleaners, glues, and aerosol sprays. No 1,1,1-trichloroethane is supposed to be manufactured for domestic use in the United States after January 1, 2002, because it affects the ozone layer. (R557,R558)",,71-55-6,6278,,"","",36015,CPD-8985,,,"1,1,1-Trichloroethane",1413,,,"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1,1-Trichloroethane","InChI=1/C2H3Cl3/c1-2(3,4)5/h1H3","1,1,1-trichloroethane",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl,CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl,C2H3Cl3,131.930030,Colorless liquid.,"-33 °C (240 K, -27 °F)","74 °C (347 K, 165 °F)",1.32 g/cm3,"1.29 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL et al. (1999)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal 
(R559)","","An involvement of cytochrome P-450-mediated dechlorination in the production of liver injury has been demonstrated. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is converted by the cytochrome P-450 to chlorinated metabolites after incubation with hepatic nuclei and an NADPH-generating system plus EDTA, with the omission of any component eliminating metabolite production. The production of free radicals via the homolytic cleavage of the carbon-chlorine bond in 1,1,1-trichloroethane occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes, and the free radicals react with unsaturated lipids and proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, producing lipid peroxidation and covalent binding. These actions lead to morphological and functional changes in this organelle and, eventually, to cellular dysfunction and necrosis. Moreover, exposure to high concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane can lead to the depression of the nervous system. In general, the highly lipophilic nature of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier readily and partition into lipids in neuronal membranes. This property allows it to interfere with neural membrane function, bringing about central nervous system depression, behavioral changes, and anesthesia. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane has also been shown to inhibit the activity of membrane-bound enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and magnesium-activated ATPase in human red blood cells and rat synaptosomes. (R557, R569)","Upon first exposure, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is rapidly and efficiently absorbed by the lung, skin, and gastrointestinal tract of humans. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is distributed by the blood to tissues and organs throughout the body, including to developing fetuses, with preferential distribution to fatty tissues. The predominant pathway of elimination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in humans, regardless of route of exposure, is exhalation of the unchanged compound. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is metabolized oxidatively, at low rates, to trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid by the cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase system. These metabolites are excreted in the urine, and other minor metabolites (carbon dioxide [CO2] and acetylene) are excreted in expired air. (R557)","LD50: 11 240 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R557) 
LD50: 9470 mg/kg (Oral, Guinea pig) (R557) 
LD50: 5660 mg/kg (Oral, Rabbit) (R557) ","","3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R566)","1,1,1-Trichloroethane was often used as a solvent to dissolve other substances, such as glues and paints. In industry, it was widely used to remove oil or grease from manufactured parts. In the home, it is used as an ingredient of products such as spot cleaners, glues, and aerosol sprays. No 1,1,1-trichloroethane is supposed to be manufactured for domestic use in the United States after January 1, 2002, because it affects the ozone layer. Exposure can occur from breathing in air containing it in vapor form, drinking water or eating food containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane. (R557)","Acute Inhalation: 2 ppm (R557) 
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.7 ppm (Gerbil) (R557) 
Intermediate Oral: 20 mg/kg/day (Mouse) (R557)","Dizziness, lightheadedness, cardiac arrhythmias, and loss of coordination are caused by exposure to higher concentrations. Increased levels of serum bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), all suggestive of liver injury can result from the exposure to high levels of 1,1,1-trichloroethane by inhalation or ingestion. Moreover, inhalation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane can lead to fat accumulation in the liver. Mild erythema and fine scaling can be visible after dermal exposure. Dermal exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane can cause reversible effects such as the increase of the blood flow. (R557)","Symptoms include cough, sore throat, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, ataxia, unconsciousness. Dry skin and redness follow dermal exposure, while nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea follw ingestion. (R559)","Gastric lavage is recommended following oral exposure, but must be weighted against potential complications of bleeding or perforation. Avoid administration of adrenergic agonist drugs whenever possible. Following inhalation, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water if the contamination occured through dermal exposure. (R560) ",P22303;DNA;RNA;P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
100,T3D0099,2009-03-06 18:58:04 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:40 UTC,Ethylbenzene,Organic Compound;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"&alpha;-methyltolueneAethylbenzolAethylbenzol [german]Aethylbenzol(german)Alpha-methyltolueneAromatic hydrocarbons, C12-20Aromatic hydrocarbons, C12-2OBenzene, ethenylBenzene, ethenyl-, trimerBenzene, ethyl-Benzene, ethyl-, benzylatedEBEthyl benzeneEthyl benzene(dot)Ethyl-benzeneEthylbenzeenEthylbenzeen [dutch]Ethylbenzeen(dutch)Ethylbenzene [UN1175] [Flammable liquid]Ethylbenzene solutionEthylbenzolEthylenzeneEtilbenzeneEtilbenzene [italian]Etilbenzene(italian)EtylobenzenEtylobenzen [polish]Etylobenzen(polish)HSDB 84PYLPhenylethaneStyrene trimerStyrene trimersWLN: 2Rethylbenzene (ACD/Name 4.0)","Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2CH3. This aromatic hydrocarbon is important in the petrochemical industry as an intermediate in the production of styrene, which in turn is used for making polystyrene, a commonly used plastic material. Although often present in small amounts in crude oil, ethylbenzene is produced in bulk quantities by combining benzene and ethylene in an acid-catalyzed chemical reaction. (R573)",,100-41-4,7500,,C07111,"",16101,CPD-9502,,C004912,Ethylbenzene,606,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylbenzene,"InChI=1/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3",ethylbenzene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/76a7d3e05b0d4b13f8d892b8855a80ed_1237944646.mol,CCC1=CC=CC=C1,CCC1=CC=CC=C1,C8H10,106.078250,,-94.9 °C,,,"0.169 mg/mL at 25 °C [SANEMASA,I et al. (1982)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R573)","Cytochrome P450 2B6 (P20813)
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181)
(R573, R595)","Changes in the integrity of the cell membrane after partitioning of ethylbenzene into the lipid bilayer may subsequently affect the function of membrane, particularly as a barrier and in energy transduction, and in the formation of a matrix for proteins and enzymes. Ethybenzene inhibits the activity of the astrocytic membrane ATPases, which helps regulate adequate intercellular levels of ions, nutrients, metabolic intermediates and precursors in the central nervous system. Thus, this may disturb the ability of the cells to maintain homeostasis. (R573, R590)","Ethylbenzene is metabolized mainly through hydroxylation and then through conjugation reactions from which numerous metabolites have been isolated. Hydroxylation of ethylbenzene to 1-phenylethanol is catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 isoforms CYP2E1 and CYP2B6. 1-Phenylethanol is conjugated to glucuronide, which then is either excreted or converted to subsequent metabolites. Oxidation of 1-phenylethanol yields acetophenone, which is both excreted in the urine as a minor metabolite and further transformed. Continued oxidation of the side chain leads to the sequential formation of 2-hydroxyacetophenone, 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, mandelic acid, and phenylglyoxylic acid. Minor pathways (e.g., ring hydroxylation) include glucuronide and sulfate conjugation with hydroxylated derivatives to form glucuronides and sulfates that are excreted in the urine. In humans exposed via inhalation, the major metabolites of ethylbenzene in the urine are mandelic acid (70%) and phenylglyoxylic acid (25%). Following dermal exposure of humans, however, excretion of mandelic acid was shown to be only 4.6% of the absorbed dose, which may indicate differences in the metabolic fate between inhalation and dermal exposure routes. (R573)",,"LD50: 3.5 g/kg (Oral, Rat) (R587) 
LD50: 77.4 g/kg (Dermal, Rabbit)(R587)
LC50: 17.2 g/m3 (4000 ppm) (Inhalation, Rat) (R587)","2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Ethylbenzene is used in the petrochemical industry as an intermediate in the production of styrene, which in turn is used for making polystyrene, a commonly used plastic material. Exposure may occur from breathing contaminated air, drinking or eating food prepared with ethylbenzene-contaminated water, and through skin contact with products containing ethylbenzene, such as gasoline. (R573)","Acute Inhalation: 10 ppm (R260) 
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.7 ppm (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.3 ppm (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.5 mg/kg/day (R260)","Chronic exposure to etylbenzene can lead to an increase in the mean number of lymphocytes and a decrease in hemoglobin levels. Acute duration and intermediate duration studies suggest that the auditory system is a sensitive target of ethylbenzene toxicity. Exposure ethylbenzene can lead to functional and organic disturbances (nervous system disturbances, toxic hepatitis and upper respiratory tract complaints). Metabolites of ethylbenzene have been shown to produce oxidative damage to DNA. (R573, R583)","Cough, sore throat, dizziness, drowsiness, and headache follow inhalation or ingestion exposure to ethylbenzene. Ingestion exposure can also lead to burning sensation in the throat and chest. Skin or eyes contact to ethylbenzene can lead to redness and pain of the exposed surface. (R578)","Following oral exposure, a gastric lavage is recommended. Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. Following inhalation, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. In case of dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. Some chemicals can produce systemic poisoning by absorption through intact skin. Carefully observe patients with dermal exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary. (R596)",P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P98194;O75185;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084
101,T3D0100,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-25 19:51:10 UTC,Radium-226,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Radium Compound;Radioactive Isotope,"Actinium-xRARADIUM-226RadioRadium bromatumRadium, isotope of mass 226Radium-226 and its decay productsRadon-226Thorium-x","Radium is a radioactive chemical element which has the symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Its appearance is almost pure white, but it readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black. Radium is an alkaline earth metal that is formed when uranium and thorium break down in the environment. It is extremely radioactive. Radium-226 is the most stable isotope, has a half-life of 1602 years, and decays into radon gas. Radium has been used as a radiation source for treating cancer, in radiography of metals, and combined with other metals as a neutron source for research and radiation instrument calibration. Until the 1960s, radium was a component of the luminous paints used for watch and clock dials, instrument panels in airplanes, military instruments, and compasses. (S360, W508)",,13982-63-3,6328144,,"","",33325,"",,D011883,Radium-226,6526,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium,InChI=1/Ra.2H,radium,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[Ra],[226Ra],Ra,0.000000,"Its appearance is almost pure white, but it readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black. (S360)","973  K (700 °C , 1292 °F )",1737 °C,5.5  g·cm−3,"",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(S360)",,"Ionizing radiation produced by radium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. Since radium`s similarity to calcium allows it to deposit in the bones, bone cancer is of particular risk. (W508)","Due to its radioactivity, radium can affect the body following ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. If inhalated, it may accumulate in the lungs. Once in the body radium may deposit in the bones, mainly on the surface and areas where new bone is being formed. Radium is not metabolized and is excreted primarily in the faeces. (W508)",,,"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Radium has been used as a radiation source for treating cancer, in radiography of metals, and combined with other metals as a neutron source for research and radiation instrument calibration. Until the 1960s, radium was a component of the luminous paints used for watch and clock dials, instrument panels in airplanes, military instruments, and compasses. (W508)",,"Radium is highly radioactive and its decay product, radon gas, is also radioactive. It has been shown to cause effects on the blood (anemia) and eyes (cataracts). Inhalation, injection, ingestion or body exposure to radium can cause cancer and other disorders, due to its radioactivity. Since radium is chemically similar to calcium, it has the potential to cause great harm by replacing it in bones, and bone cancer is of particular risk. (S360, W508)","Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525)","Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525)",DNA
102,T3D0101,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-25 15:50:10 UTC,Thorium,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Thorium Compound;Radioactive Isotope,"THTHORIUM, 99.1%, POWDERThorium atomic absorption standard solutionThorium metal, pyrophoric [UN2975] [Radioactive]Thorium, pyrophoricThorium-232Torio","Thorium is the chemical element of symbol Th and atomic number 90. It is a naturally occurring radioactive metal of the actinide series. In the environment, thorium exists in combination with other minerals, such as silica. Small amounts of thorium are present in all rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Twenty-seven radioactive isotopes of thorium, with mass number from 210 to 236, have been characterized. Naturally occurring thorium is composed mainly of one isotope: 232Th. The most abundant and/or stable isotopes are: 232Th (half-life of 14.05 billion years), 230Th (half-life of 75,380 years), 229Th (half-life of 7340 years), and 228Th (half-life of 1.92 years). Thorium is used to make ceramics, gas lantern mantles, and metals used in the aerospace industry and in nuclear reactions. Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium has been linked to increased risk of liver cancer. (S521, W511)",,7440-29-1,23960,,"","",33385,"",,D013910,Thorium,7977,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium,InChI=1/Th,thorium,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[Th],[Th],Th,232.038050,Thorium is an air-stable silvery-white solid metal. (S521),"2115 K (1842 °C, 3348 °F)","5061 K (4788 °C, 8650 °F)",11.7  g·cm−3 (room temperature),"",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(W511)","Serotransferrin (P02787)
(W511)","The ionizing radiation produced by thorium causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (W510)","Exposure to thorium can occur following inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. Once in the body thorium accumulates mainly in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. Transferrin plays a major role in the transport and cellular uptake of thorium. Thorium may combine with oxygen to form thorotrast (thorium dioxide), a colloid which may affect protein uptake. Thorium and thorotrast are excreted mainly in the faeces. (W511)",,,"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium is used as an alloying element in magnesium, used in aircraft engines, imparting high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures. Thorium is also used as an alloying agent in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to increase the melting temperature of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability. Thorium is used to coat tungsten wire used in electronic equipment, improving the electron emission of heated cathodes. Thorium is used as a fertile material for producing nuclear fuel. Thorium is a very effective radiation shield, although it has not been used for this purpose as much as lead or depleted uranium. Uranium-thorium age dating has been used to date hominid fossils. (S521)",,"Lungs and other internal organs can be penetrated by the alpha radiation produced by thorium. As a result, exposure to an aerosol of thorium can lead to increased risk of cancers of the lung, pancreas and blood. Exposure to thorium internally leads to increased risk of liver diseases. (S521)","Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525)","Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525)",DNA
103,T3D0102,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:41 UTC,"4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol",Organic Compound;Pesticide;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Nitrite,"2, 4-Dinitro-o-cresol2,4-Dinitro-6-methylphenol2,4-Dinitro-o-cresol2,4-bis(hydroxy(oxido)amino)-6-methylphenol (ACD/Name 4.0)2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol3, 5-Dinitro-2-hydroxytoluene3,5-Dinitro-2-hydroxytoluene4, 6-Dinitro-o-cresolo (ITALIAN)4, 6-Dinitrokresol (DUTCH)4,6-DNOC4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts4,6-Dinitro-o-cresolo4,6-Dinitro-o-cresolo [Italian]4,6-Dinitro-o-kresol4,6-Dinitro-o-kresol (CZECH)4,6-Dinitro-o-kresol [Czech]4,6-Dinitrocresol4,6-Dinitrokresol4,6-Dinitrokresol [Dutch]6-Methyl-2,4-dinitrophenolAntinoninAntinonninArborolCapsineCaswell No. 390Chemsect dnocDNDNCDNOCDNOKDegrassanDekryllDekrysilDetalDetolDillexDinitroDinitro-o-cresolDinitro-o-cresol (van)Dinitro-o-cresol, solidDinitro-o-cresol, solid [UN1598] [Poison]Dinitro-o-cresol, solutionDinitro-o-cresol, solution [UN1598] [Poison]DinitrocresolDinitrodendtroxalDinitrolDinitromethyl cyclohexyltrienolDinitrosolDinocDinokDinuraniaDitrosolDn-dry mix no. 2Dnoc (pesticide)Dnoc [bsi:iso]Dnok (czech)Dnok [czech]Dwunitro-o-krezolDwunitro-o-krezol (polish)Dwunitro-o-krezol [polish]EffusanEffusan 3436ElgetolElgetol 30ElgetoxElipolExtrarFlavin-samdozHedolitHedoliteK IIIK ivKreniteKreozanKresamoneKresonite-eKrezotol 50LE dinitrocresol-4,6 [French]Le dinitrocresol-4,6Le dinitrocresol-4,6 (FRENCH)LipanNeudorff DN 50NitradorNitrofanOranz viktoriaOranz viktoria [czech]PS57_SUPELCOPhenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-, and saltsProkarbolRCRA waste no. P047RafexRafex 35RaphatoxRcra waste number P047SandolinSandolin aSelinonSinoxToluene, 3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxy-TrifocideTrifrinaWLN: WNR BQ C1 ENWWinterwashZahlreiche bezeichnungenZahlreiche bezeichnungen (german)Zahlreiche bezeichnungen [german]o-Cresol, 4,6,-dinitro-o-Cresol, 4,6-dinitro-","4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol is the most commercially important of the 18 different dinitrocresols, a class of manufactured chemicals. 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) is used primarily for insect control and crop protection. It may be sold under different trade names, including Antinonnin, Detal, and Dinitrol. DNOC was used in diet pills in the 1930s, but has since been banned for this use. (R380)",,534-52-1,10800,,"","",39349,CPD-10489,,C024132,"4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol",1947,,,,"InChI=1/C7H6N2O5/c1-4-2-5(8(11)12)3-6(7(4)10)9(13)14/h2-3,10H,1H3","2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,CC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],CC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],C7H6N2O5,198.027670,Yellow solid.,86.6 °C,,,"0.198 mg/mL at 20 °C [SCHWARZENBACH,RP et al.(1988)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R380)",Serum albumin (P02768) (R380),"4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. It is believed to cause an acceleration of metabolic processes that are part of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. DNOC produces its accelerative effect by increasing the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to Ca+, altering the proton electrochemical gradient and thus interrupting the phosphate transfer to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form ATP. Uncoupling allows electron transport to proceed unchecked even when ATP synthesis is inhibited. As a consequence, more ADP and inorganic phosphate are available to drive the TCA cycle, and most of the energy produced from catabolism of glucose is not stored in high energy phosphate bonds as ATP but is given off as heat. This results in the elevated body temperature and related effects characteristic of DNOC toxicity. (R380)","4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes, then binds to albumin and is distributed to most tissues, including the lungs, heart, liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and muscle. Although small quantities of DNOC may be conjugated, most of it appears to be reduced to less toxic mono amino derivatives, such as 6-amino-4-nitro-o-cresol and 6-acetamido-4-nitro-o-cresol, and then subsequently conjugated. DNOC and its metabolites are eliminated primarily via the urine. (R380)","LD50: 200 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (R287)
LD50: 21 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (R287)
LD50: 19 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R287)
LD50: 25,600 ug/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (R263)",29 mg/kg (oral) or 1 mg/m3 (inhaled) for an adult human. (R293),,"4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol is used primarily for insect control and crop protection. (R380)",,"Exposure to DNOC may cause mild damage to the stomach, kidneys, and liver. Ingesting DNOC for long periods may cause cataracts and skin rashes. (R380)
","Exposure to high levels of DNOC for short periods may cause convulsions, unconsciousness, and death. Exposure to low levels of DNOC may result in an increased basal metabolic rate, increased sweating, weight loss, and increased heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature. Other effects from DNOC exposure may include difficulty in breathing, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, and a yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes. (R380)
","",Q99643;O14521;P31040;P21912
104,T3D0103,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:41 UTC,"1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene",Organic Compound;Explosive;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Nitrite,"1,3, 5-Trinitrobenzene1,3,5-Trinitrobenzol2,4,6-trinitrobenzeneBenzene, 1,3,5-trinitro-Benzene, trinitro- (wet)Benzene,1,3,5-trinitro-BenziteRCRA waste no. U234Rcra waste number U234S-trinitrobenzeneSYM-trinitrobenzeneSYN-trinitrobenzeneSymmetric trinitrobenzeneTNBTrinitrobenzeenTrinitrobenzeen [dutch]Trinitrobenzeen(dutch)TrinitrobenzeneTrinitrobenzene, DRYTrinitrobenzene, DRY(dot)Trinitrobenzene, dry or wetted with < 30% water, by massTrinitrobenzene, wetTrinitrobenzene, wet (dot)TrinitrobenzenesTrinitrobenzolTrinitrobenzol [german]Trinitrobenzol(german)WLN: WNR cnw enw","1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (1,3,5-TNB) is a synthetic substance that is used in explosives. (R382)",,99-35-4,7434,,"","",48113,"",,C029222,"1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene",1437,,,"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene",InChI=1/C6H3N3O6/c10-7(11)4-1-5(8(12)13)3-6(2-4)9(14)15/h1-3H,"1,3,5-trinitrobenzene",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-],C6H3N3O6,213.002180,Yellow solid.,121.5 °C,,,"0.278 mg/mL at 15 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R382)",,"In the red blood cell, 1,3,5-TNB induces formation of methemoglobin, leading to cyanosis. Reduction of the nitrogroup(s) of 1,3,5-TNB produces reactive nitroaromatic radical anions which redox cycle to produce other reactive species such as superoxide anion. Redox cycling of these intermediates probably causes the methemoglobinemia. 1,3,5-TNB may also exert neurotoxic effects by damaging the blood-brain barrier.(R382, R386)","1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and is believed to penetrate the red blood cell membrane. The metabolism of 1,3,5-TNB includes both oxidative and reductive biotransformations, followed by conjugation. The main route of excretion of 1,3,5-TNB metabolites is the urine. (R382)","LD50: 250 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R261)
LD50: 32 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R261)",,,"1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene is used in explosives. Waste discharges from army ammunitions plants or other chemical manufacturers are the primary sources for release into the air, water, and soil. (R382)",,"Chronic exposure to 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene can cause a reduction (or loss) in the number of red blood cells (anemia). 1,3,5-TNB may also have neurotoxic effects. (R382, R386)","Exposure to high concentrations of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene can reduce the ability of blood to carry oxygen and can cause skin bluishing. Other symptoms nclude headache, nausea, and dizziness. (R382)","Treatment is mainly symptomatic and may include gastric lavage and/or the administration of activated charcoal. Benzodiazepine may be administered if seizures occur. If methemoglobinemia is evident, 1 to 2 mg/kg of 1% methylene blue should be administered via IV. (R383)",""
105,T3D0104,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:41 UTC,Chlorobenzene,Organic Compound;Solvent;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride,"Abluton T30Benzene chlorideCaswell No. 183AChloorbenzeenChloorbenzeen [dutch]Chloorbenzeen(dutch)ChlorbenzeneChlorbenzolChlorobenzenChlorobenzen [polish]Chlorobenzen(polish)ChlorobenzeneChlorobenzene [UN1134] [Flammable liquid]Chlorobenzene monoChlorobenzene(italian)Chlorobenzene, mono-Chlorobenzene-UL-14CChlorobenzenuChlorobenzenu [czech]ChlorobenzolChlorobenzol(dot)ClorobenzeneClorobenzene [italian]Clorobenzene(italian)HSDB 55I P Carrier T 40MCBMonochloorbenzeenMonochloorbenzeen [dutch]Monochloorbenzeen(dutch)MonochlorbenzeneMonochlorbenzolMonochlorbenzol [german]Monochlorbenzol(german)MonochlorobenzeneMonochlorobenzolMonoclorobenzeneMonoclorobenzene [italian]Monoclorobenzene(italian)PHCLPhenyl chlorideRCRA waste no. U037Tetrosin SPWLN: GRchlorobenzene (ACD/Name 4.0)","Chlorobenzene is a synthetic aromatic organochloride. It was used in the past to make other chemicals, such as phenol and DDT. Now chlorobenzene is used as a solvent for some pesticide formulations, to degrease automobile parts, and as a chemical intermediate to make several other chemicals. (R391)",,108-90-7,7964,,C06990,"",28097,CPD-1125,,C031294,Chlorobenzene,300,,,,InChI=1/C6H5Cl/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,chlorobenzene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/9736f45e8f14be7c25e92089cd00c00d_1237945152.mol,C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl,C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl,C6H5Cl,112.007980,Colorless liquid.,-45.2 °C,,,"0.498 mg/mL at 25 °C [HORVATH,AL (1982)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
(R391)",,"The reactive metabolites of chlorobenzene are believed to bind both liver and kidney proteins, causing direct damage. Chlorobenzene also activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, inducing the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) by lung epithelial cells, causing an inflammatory reponse. (R383, R392)","Chlorobenzene is known to be absorbed via ingestion and inhahation. As it is a lipophilic compound, chlorobenzene distributes preferentially to adipose tissue. It is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes into its major metabolite 4-chlorocatechol. Unchanged chlorobenzene is exhalted and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine. (R391)","LD50: 515 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (R293)
LD50: 2290 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R293)
LD50: 1110 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (R293)",,,"Chlorobenzene is used as a solvent for some pesticide formulations, to degrease automobile parts, and as a chemical intermediate to make several other chemicals. (R391)",Intermediate Oral: 0.4 mg/kg/day (R260),Effects on the central nervous system from breathing chlorobenzene may include unconsciousness and death. Chronic exposure can cause liver and kidney damage. (R391),"Symptoms of chlorobenzene exposure include headaches, nausea, sleepiness, numbness, and vomiting. Effects on the central nervous system from breathing chlorobenzene include unconsciousness, tremors, restlessness, and death. (R391)",Treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. (R383),P98194;O75185;P14867;P47869;P34903;P48169;P31644;Q16445;P18505;P47870;P28472;O14764;P78334;Q8N1C3;P18507;Q99928;O00591;P24046;P28476;A8MPY1;Q9UN88;P20020;Q01814;Q16720;P23634;O14983;P16615;Q93084;P54710;P05023;P50993;P13637;Q13733;P05026;P14415;P54709;P03372;Q92731
106,T3D0105,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-25 15:50:14 UTC,Radon,Inorganic Compound;Nobel Gas;Radioactive Isotope,"ActinonAlphatronNitonNiton /(222)Radon/RNRadium emanationRadon 222Radon, radioactiveThoronThoron (element)","Radon is the chemical element of symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a rare radioactive gas, belonging to the noble gas series, and is formed as part of three radioactive decay chains that begin with uranium or thorium. Thirty-six radioactive isotopes of radon, with mass number from 193 to 228, have been characterized. The most stable isotope is Rn-222 (half-life of 3.8 days); it is generated naturally by the decay of 238U and emits alpha particles. Rn-220 (half-life of 55.6 seconds) is a natural decay product of thorium and also emits alpha radiation. Because of its radioactivity and unreactivity as a chemical element, radon has few uses and is seldom used in academic research. Radon is responsible for the majority of the mean public exposure to ionizing radiations. (S494)",,10043-92-2,24857,,"","",33314,"",,D011886,Radon,,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon,InChI=1/Rn,radon,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[Rn],[Rn],Rn,0.000000,"Radon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. (S494)","202 K (−71.15 °C, −96 °F)","211.3 K (−61.85 °C, −79.1 °F)",9.73 kg/m3 (standard temperature and pression),"",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(W509)",,"The ionizing radiation produced by radon causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (W509)","Exposure to radon can occur from inhalation or dermal contact. It can also enter the body via ingestion if dissolved in water. Radon distributes mainly to the fat. It is not metabolized and may be eliminated in the urine, faeces, or expired air. (W509)",,,"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Radon has few uses and is seldom used in academic research. Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as basements. Radon can be found in some spring waters and hot springs. (S494)",,"Radon is responsible for the majority of the mean public exposure to ionizing radiations. Due to it's radioactivity, breathing high concentrations of radon can cause lung cancer. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, radon could be the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, after cigarette smoking; and radon-induced lung cancer the 6th leading cause of cancer death overall, causing 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year in the United States. (S494)","Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525)","Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525)",DNA
107,T3D0106,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-25 15:54:51 UTC,Radium-228,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Radium Compound;Radioactive Isotope,"Radium, isotope of mass 228Radium-228Radium-228 and its decay products","Radium is a radioactive chemical element which has the symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Its appearance is almost pure white, but it readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black. Radium is an alkaline earth metal that is formed when uranium and thorium break down in the environment. It is extremely radioactive. Radium has been used as a radiation source for treating cancer, in radiography of metals, and combined with other metals as a neutron source for research and radiation instrument calibration. Until the 1960s, radium was a component of the luminous paints used for watch and clock dials, instrument panels in airplanes, military instruments, and compasses. (S360, W508)",,15262-20-1,6328553,,C16457,"","","",,,Radium-228,,,,,InChI=1/Ra.2H/i1+2;;,radium-228,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/cf72d6509be50e1ba8e9536af9e0140a_1237945505.mol,[228Ra],[228Ra],Ra,0.000000,,"",,,"",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(S360)",,"Ionizing radiation produced by radium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. Since radium`s similarity to calcium allows it to deposit in the bones, bone cancer is of particular risk. (W508)","Due to its radioactivity, radium can affect the body following ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. If inhalated, it may accumulate in the lungs. Once in the body radium may deposit in the bones, mainly on the surface and areas where new bone is being formed. Radium is not metabolized and is excreted primarily in the faeces. (W508)",,,"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Radium has been used as a radiation source for treating cancer, in radiography of metals, and combined with other metals as a neutron source for research and radiation instrument calibration. Until the 1960s, radium was a component of the luminous paints used for watch and clock dials, instrument panels in airplanes, military instruments, and compasses. (W508)",,"Radium is highly radioactive and its decay product, radon gas, is also radioactive. It has been shown to cause effects on the blood (anemia) and eyes (cataracts). Inhalation, injection, ingestion or body exposure to radium can cause cancer and other disorders, due to its radioactivity. Since radium is chemically similar to calcium, it has the potential to cause great harm by replacing it in bones, and bone cancer is of particular risk. (S360, W508)","Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525)","Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525)",DNA
108,T3D0107,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-25 17:59:25 UTC,Thorium-230,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Thorium Compound;Radioactive Isotope,"Thorium, isotope of mass 230Thorium-230","Thorium is the chemical element of symbol Th and atomic number 90. It is a naturally occurring radioactive metal of the actinide series. In the environment, thorium exists in combination with other minerals, such as silica. Small amounts of thorium are present in all rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Twenty-seven radioactive isotopes of thorium, with mass number from 210 to 236, have been characterized. Naturally occurring thorium is composed mainly of one isotope: 232Th. The most abundant and/or stable isotopes are: 232Th (half-life of 14.05 billion years), 230Th (half-life of 75,380 years), 229Th (half-life of 7340 years), and 228Th (half-life of 1.92 years). Thorium is used to make ceramics, gas lantern mantles, and metals used in the aerospace industry and in nuclear reactions. Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium has been linked to increased risk of liver cancer. (S521, W511)",,14269-63-7,61723,,"","","","",,,Thorium-230,,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium-230,InChI=1/Th/i1-2,thorium-230,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[230Th],[238Th],Th,232.038050,,"",,,"",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(W511)","Serotransferrin (P02787)
(W511)","The ionizing radiation produced by thorium causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (W510)","Exposure to thorium can occur following inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. Once in the body thorium accumulates mainly in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. Transferrin plays a major role in the transport and cellular uptake of thorium. Thorium may combine with oxygen to form thorotrast (thorium dioxide), a colloid which may affect protein uptake. Thorium and thorotrast are excreted mainly in the faeces. (W511)",,,"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium is used as an alloying element in magnesium, used in aircraft engines, imparting high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures. Thorium is also used as an alloying agent in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to increase the melting temperature of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability. Thorium is used to coat tungsten wire used in electronic equipment, improving the electron emission of heated cathodes. Thorium is used as a fertile material for producing nuclear fuel. Thorium is a very effective radiation shield, although it has not been used for this purpose as much as lead or depleted uranium. Uranium-thorium age dating has been used to date hominid fossils. (S521)",,"Lungs and other internal organs can be penetrated by the alpha radiation produced by thorium. As a result, exposure to an aerosol of thorium can lead to increased risk of cancers of the lung, pancreas and blood. Exposure to thorium internally leads to increased risk of liver diseases. (S521)","Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation can result in skin burns, hair loss, nausea, birth defects, illness, and death. (W510)","",DNA
109,T3D0108,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-25 15:54:56 UTC,Uranium-235,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Uranium Compound;Radioactive Isotope,"Uranium, isotope of mass 235Uranium-235","Uranium-235 is an isotope of uranium. Uranium is a chemical element that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a normal part of rocks, soil, air, and water, and occurs in nature in the form of minerals. Natural uranium is a mixture of three radioactive isotopes called uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238. Uranium-235 is used as a fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Uranium is also used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. (R465, R466)",,15117-96-1,61784,,"","","","",,,Uranium-235,,,,,InChI=1/U/i1-3,uranium-235,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[235U],[235U],U,238.050780,Silver metallic solid.,"",,,"",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal 
Radiation 
(R466)","Serotransferrin (P02787) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
Ceruloplasmin (P00450) 
Hemopexin (P02790) 
Complement C3 (P01024) 
Complement C4-A (P0C0L4) 
Complement C4-B (P0C0L5) 
(R465, R468)","Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (R466, R467)","Uranium is absorbed in low amounts via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Uranium in body fluids generally exists as the uranyl ion (UO2)2+ complexed with anions, such as citrate and bicarbonate, or plasma proteins. Uranium preferentially distributes to bone, liver, and kidney. The large majority of uranium that enters the body is not absorbed and is eliminated from the body via the urine and faeces. (R465)",,,,"Uranium-235 is used as a fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Uranium is also used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. (R465, R466)","Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0004 mg/m3 (Soluble salts) (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (Soluble salts) (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (Soluble salts) (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.008 mg/m3 (Insoluble compounds) (R260)","Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (R465, R466)","Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525, R465)","Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525)",DNA
110,T3D0109,2009-03-06 18:58:05 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:42 UTC,Barium,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Barium Compound,"Acb Pws 93%Anatrast Pst 55%BABANBARIUM, 99%Baricon for suspensionBarioBario [spanish]Barium Chloride Liquid (S#128)Barium [UN1400] [Dangerous when wet]Barium and compoundsBarium and soluble compoundsBarium atomic absorption standard solutionBarium nitrate solutionBarium standard for aasBarium standard for icBarium standard for icpBarium, soluble compoundsBarium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.sBarium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s.Baro Bag Enema 98%Barocat Susp 1.5%Barosperse Disposable Enema Units 95%Barosperse for Susp 95%Baryta Carbonica 4ch-30chBaryta Carbonica Dps D3-C1000Baryta Carbonica Drops 5ch-9chBaryta Carbonica Liquid (S No. 40)Baryta carbonicaBaryta carbonica homaccordBaryta muriaticaBaryumBaryum Carbonicum-Injeel Forte Liq (6d,12d,30d,200d/1.1ml)Baryum [french]Baryum carbonicumCheetahE-Z-Cat Liq 4.6%E-Z-Paque Powder for Suspension 95%E-z-HDEnhancerEnterovu liquidEntrobar Suspension 50%EntroeaseEsobarEsopho-Cat Crm 3%Flo-Coat Susp 100%Hd 85 Barium Sulfate Susp 51%Intropaste - Pst Orl 44%W/WLiqui-Coat Hd - Sus Orl 210%W/V 81%W/WLiquid Barosperse- Sus Orl Rt 60%W/V 40%W/WMedebar Plus - Sus Orl Rt 56%W/W 100%W/VPekana - baryta carbonicaPolibar Liq 55%Polibar Rapid 57% (P/P)Polibar plusPrepcat 1.5%Readi-Cat 2.0% W/WReadi-Cat Liq 1.2%Recto-bariumTomo Cat Barium Sulfate Susp 5%UNLUltra-rUnibar 100 Sus 100%barium(0)","Barium is a metallic alkaline earth metal with the symbol Ba, and atomic number 56. It never occurs in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air, but combines with other chemicals such as sulfur or carbon and oxygen to form barium compounds found as minerals such as barium sulfate and barium carbonate. Barium compounds are used by the oil and gas industries to make drilling muds, and can also be used in the production of paint, bricks, ceramics, glass, and rubber. They are also often used in pyrotechnics, as they emit a green light when burned. (R407, 408)",,7440-39-3,5355457,,C13881,"",32595,CPD0-1592,,D001464,Barium,6373,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium,InChI=1/Ba/q+2,barium,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/b07389da7f8dc69da4c35117bc654699_1237945734.mol,[Ba++],[Ba++],[Ba]2+,137.905243,Silvery white metal.,710 °C,,,"",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
(R407)",,"Barium is a competitive potassium channel antagonist that blocks the passive efflux of intracellular potassium, resulting in a shift of potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartments. The intracellular translocation of potassium results in a decreased resting membrane potential, making the muscle fibers electrically unexcitable and causing paralysis. (R407)","Barium compounds are absorbed via ingestion and inhalation. Barium is principally found in the bone, while small amounts exists in the muscle, adipose tissue, skin, and connective tissue. Barium is not metabolized, but may be transported and incorporated into complexes or tissues. Barium is excreted in the urine and faeces. (R407)",,1 to 15 grams for an adult human (barium salts). (R321),,"Barium compounds are used by the oil and gas industries to make drilling muds, and can also be used in the production of paint, bricks, ceramics, glass, and rubber. They are also often used in pyrotechnics, as they emit a green light when burned. (R407, R408)","Intermediate Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (Barium salts) (R260)
Chronic Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (Barium salts) (R260)","The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the compound dissolves in water or the stomach contents. At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant, while higher doses affect the nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness, anxiety, dyspnea, paralysisand possibly death. Barium may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, damage the kidneys and cause decreases in body weight. (R407)","Ingesting excess barium may cause vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, difficulties in breathing, increased or decreased blood pressure, numbness around the face, and muscle weakness. High levels may result in changes in heart rhythm or paralysis and possibly death. (R407)",Intravenous infusion of potassium often relieves many of the symptoms of barium toxicity. (R407),P62158;O60928;Q9NPI9;P63252;P48050;P48549;P48051;Q92806;P48544;P48048;P78508;Q14654;Q14500;Q9UNX9;Q99712;Q15842;P51787;O43526;O43525;P56696;Q9NR82
111,T3D0110,2009-03-06 18:58:06 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:42 UTC,Fluoranthene,Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon,"1,2-(1, 8-Naphthylene)benzene1,2-(1,8-Naphthalene)benzene1,2-(1,8-Naphthalenediyl)benzene1,2-(1,8-Naphthylene)benzene1,2-BenzacenaphtheneBCR160R_FLUKABenzacenaphthyleneBenzene, 1,2-(1, 8-naphthylene)-Benzene, 1,2-(1,8-naphthalenediyl)-Benzene, 1,2-(1,8-naphthylene)-Benzo(JK)fluoreneBenzo[JK]fluoreneBenzo[JK]fluorene, idrylBenzo[j,k]fluoreneF807_ALDRICHFAFLAFluoranthene solutionFluoranthreneFluroantheneIdrylRCRA waste no. U120Rcra waste number U120WLN: L C6566 1A PJfluoranthene (ACD/Name 4.0){benzo[JK]fluorene}","Fluoranthene is one of over 100 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are are formed during the incomplete burning of organic substances, such as fossil fuels. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds. (R028)",,206-44-0,9154,,"","",33083,"",,C007738,Fluoranthene,6445,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoranthene,InChI=1/C16H10/c1-2-8-13-12(7-1)14-9-3-5-11-6-4-10-15(13)16(11)14/h1-10H,fluoranthene,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=CC=CC4=C3C2=CC=C4,C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=CC=CC4=C3C2=CC=C4,C16H10,202.078250,Pale yellow solid.,107.8 °C,"","","0.00026 mg/mL at 25 °C [MACKAY,D & SHIU,WY (1977)]","","","",Oral Inhalation (R028),Serum albumin (P02768) Cytochrome P450 1A1 (P04798) Cytochrome P450 1A2 (P05177) Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Q16678) (R060),"The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (R028, R060, R068, R073)","PAH metabolism occurs in all tissues, usually by cytochrome P-450 and its associated enzymes. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates, which include epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations. The phenols, quinones, and dihydrodiols can all be conjugated to glucuronides and sulfate esters; the quinones also form glutathione conjugates. (R028)","LD50: 2000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R372)
LD50: 100 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (R372) 
LD50: 3180 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (R372)","","3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (R264)","PAHs are released into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, coke oven emissions and vehicle exhausts, as well as naturally from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. PAHs from these sources may contaminate nearly water systems. They are also found in coal tar and charbroiled food. (R028)","","PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (R028)","Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (R034)
",There is no known antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (R028),P35869;Q14749;DNA
112,T3D0111,2009-03-06 18:58:06 UTC,2009-08-25 19:49:53 UTC,Uranium-234,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Uranium Compound;Radioactive Isotope,"Uranium, isotope of mass 234Uranium-234","Uranium-234 is an isotope of uranium. Uranium is a chemical element that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a normal part of rocks, soil, air, and water, and occurs in nature in the form of minerals. Natural uranium is a mixture of three radioactive isotopes called uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238. Uranium is also used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. (R465, R466)",,13966-29-5,61704,,"","","","",,,Uranium-234,,,,,InChI=1/U/i1-4,uranium-234,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[234U],[234U],U,238.050780,Silver metallic solid.,"",,,"",,,,"Oral 
Inhalation 
Dermal 
Radiation 
(R466)","Serotransferrin (P02787) 
Serum albumin (P02768) 
Ceruloplasmin (P00450) 
Hemopexin (P02790) 
Complement C3 (P01024) 
Complement C4-A (P0C0L4) 
Complement C4-B (P0C0L5) 
(R465, R468)","Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (R466, R467)","Uranium is absorbed in low amounts via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Uranium in body fluids generally exists as the uranyl ion (UO2)2+ complexed with anions, such as citrate and bicarbonate, or plasma proteins. Uranium preferentially distributes to bone, liver, and kidney. The large majority of uranium that enters the body is not absorbed and is eliminated from the body via the urine and faeces. (R465)",,,,"Uranium is also used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. (R465, R466)","Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0004 mg/m3 (Soluble salts) (R260)
Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (Soluble salts) (R260)
Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (Soluble salts) (R260)
Intermediate Inhalation: 0.008 mg/m3 (Insoluble compounds) (R260)","Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (R465, R466)","Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525, R465)","Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525)",DNA
113,T3D0112,2009-03-06 18:58:06 UTC,2009-08-04 21:27:43 UTC,n-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine,Organic Compound;Industrial By-product/Pollutant;Amine;Nitrite,"2-Oxo-1,1-dipropylhydrazine2-oxo-1,1-dipropylhydrazine (ACD/Name 4.0)DPNDPNADi-n-propylnitrosamineDi-n-propylnitrosoamineDipropylamine, n-nitroso-DipropylnitrosamineN,n-di-n-propylnitrosamineN,n-dipropylnitrosamineN-Nitroso-N -propyl-1-propanamineN-Nitroso-N-propyl-1-propanamineN-nitroso di-n-propylamineN-nitroso(di-n-propyl)amineN-nitroso-N-propylpropan-1-amineN-nitroso-n-dipropylamineN-nitrosodi-n-propylamineN-nitrosodipropylamineNDPANitrosodipropylamineNitrous dipropylamidePropanamine, n-nitroso-n-propyl-Propylamine, n-nitroso-n-di-RCRA waste no. U111Rcra waste number U111WLN: ONN3&3","n-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine is a chemical produced by industry in small amounts for research. Small amounts of n-nitrosodi-n-propylamine are also produced as a side reaction during some manufacturing processes, as a contaminant in some weed killers, and during the manufacture of some rubber products. (R420) ",,621-64-7,12130,,"","","",CPD-630,,C013161,n-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine,1053,,,,"InChI=1/C6H14N2O/c1-3-5-8(7-9)6-4-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3","N,N-dipropylnitrous amide",http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,CCCN(CCC)N=O,CCCN(CCC)N=O,C6H14N2O,130.110610,Yellow liquid.,Boiling Pt : 206 oC,206 °C,,"13 mg/mL at 24 °C [MIRVISH,SS et al.(1976)]",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(R420)",Cytochrome P450 2E1 (P05181) (R421),"Reactive metabolites of n-nitrosodi-n-propylamine are believed to form adducts with DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects. (R420)","n-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine can be absorbed through oral, inhalation, or dermal routes. It is metabolized by cytochrome p-450 enzymes (mainly CYP 2E1) into its reactive metabolites via oxidation at the alpha, beta and gamma carbon positions. Alpha carbon oxidation is regarded as the primary pathway, resulting in formation of propionaldehyde, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol. The metabolites of n-nitrosodi-n-propylamine are excreted mainly in the urine. (R420, R421)","LD50: 480 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (R373)
LD50: 487 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (R373)",,"2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Small amounts of n-nitrosodi-n-propylamine are also produced as a side reaction during some manufacturing processes, as a contaminant in some weed killers, and during the manufacture of some rubber products. (R420)",Acute Oral: 0.095 mg/kg/day (R260),"High levels of n-nitrosodi-n-propylamine may damage the liver, lung, stomach, kidneys, and heart. n-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine is also a likely carcinogen. (R420)",,"",DNA
114,T3D0113,2009-03-06 18:58:06 UTC,2009-08-25 19:49:29 UTC,Thorium-228,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Thorium Compound;Radioactive Isotope,"Thorium, isotope of mass 228Thorium-228","Thorium is the chemical element of symbol Th and atomic number 90. It is a naturally occurring radioactive metal of the actinide series. In the environment, thorium exists in combination with other minerals, such as silica. Small amounts of thorium are present in all rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Twenty-seven radioactive isotopes of thorium, with mass number from 210 to 236, have been characterized. Naturally occurring thorium is composed mainly of one isotope: 232Th. The most abundant and/or stable isotopes are: 232Th (half-life of 14.05 billion years), 230Th (half-life of 75,380 years), 229Th (half-life of 7340 years), and 228Th (half-life of 1.92 years). Thorium is used to make ceramics, gas lantern mantles, and metals used in the aerospace industry and in nuclear reactions. Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium has been linked to increased risk of liver cancer. (S521, W511)",,14274-82-9,61724,,"","","","",,,Thorium-228,,,,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium-228,InChI=1/Th/i1-4,thorium-228,http://www.biospider.ca/saved_files/mol/,[228Th],[228Th],Th,232.038050,,"",,,"",,,,"Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
(W511)","Serotransferrin (P02787)
(W511)","The ionizing radiation produced by thorium causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (W510)","Exposure to thorium can occur following inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. Once in the body thorium accumulates mainly in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. Transferrin plays a major role in the transport and cellular uptake of thorium. Thorium may combine with oxygen to form thorotrast (thorium dioxide), a colloid which may affect protein uptake. Thorium and thorotrast are excreted mainly in the faeces. (W511)",,,"1, carcinogenic to humans. (R264)","Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium is used as an alloying element in magnesium, used in aircraft engines, imparting high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures. Thorium is also used as an alloying agent in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to increase the melting temperature of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability. Thorium is used to coat tungsten wire used in electronic equipment, improving the electron emission of heated cathodes. Thorium is used as a fertile material for producing nuclear fuel. Thorium is a very effective radiation shield, although it has not been used for this purpose as much as lead or depleted uranium. Uranium-thorium age dating has been used to date hominid fossils. (S521)",,"Lungs and other internal organs can be penetrated by the alpha radiation produced by thorium. As a result, exposure to an aerosol of thorium can lead to increased risk of cancers of the lung, pancreas and blood. Exposure to thorium internally leads to increased risk of liver diseases. (S521)","Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (W510, W525)","Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. (W525)",DNA
115,T3D0114,2009-03-06 18:58:06 UTC,2009-08-25 19:48:49 UTC,Radon-222,Inorganic Compound;Metal;Radium Compound;Radioactive Isotope,"radon, isotope of mass 222radon-